Odysseys: Benchmarking Web Agents on Realistic Long Horizon Tasks
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing web agent benchmarks have largely converged on short, single-site tasks that frontier models are approaching saturation on. However, real world web use consists of long-horizon, multi-site workflows. Common web navigation tasks, such as comparing products across different domains, planning trips across multiple services, or summarizing information from multiple search queries, require sustained context and cross-site reasoning over potentially hours of browsing. To capture and evaluate such behaviors, we introduce Odysseys: a benchmark of 200 long-horizon web tasks derived from real world browsing sessions evaluated on the live Internet. We find that binary pass/fail evaluation is inadequate for long-horizon settings and introduce a rubric-based evaluation, annotating each Odysseys task with an average of 6.1 graded rubrics. We demonstrate that this yields higher agreement with humans and provides a more fine-grained signal than commonly used trajectory-level LLM-as-a-judge evaluation metrics. We tested several leading frontier models and find that the strongest models achieve a success rate of 44.5%, which leaves substantial room for future improvements. Beyond task success, we argue that efficiency is a first-class concern for long-horizon agents. We introduce a Trajectory Efficiency metric (rubric score per step) and find that even frontier agents achieve only 1.15%, marking an evident need for agents that can succeed efficiently and not simply eventually. Odysseys isolates the critical evaluation of long-horizon proficiency in open-web environments, providing a realistic benchmark to measure progress towards computer-use agents that can potentially productively operate for hours. We release our tasks, evaluation scripts, and other results at https://odysseys-website.pages.dev
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 31 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2026.
Builds on
31 of 40 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2025DR Tulu: Reinforcement Learning with Evolving Rubrics for Deep Research24 Nov
- 2025An Illusion of Progress? Assessing the Current State of Web Agents2 Apr
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?12 Mar
- 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Models25 Jan
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents25 Jul
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Web9 Jun
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agents4 Jul
Other references · 24
- 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,280
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,211
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
- 2021MuSiQue: Multihop Questions via Single-hop Question Compositioncited by 893
- 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 616
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agentscited by 553
- 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 526
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 450
- 2024TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Real-World Planning with Language Agentscited by 385
- 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domainscited by 328
12 more
- 2024TheAgentCompany: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Consequential Real World Taskscited by 306
- 2018Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Explorationcited by 282
- 2025ScreenSpot-Pro: GUI Grounding for Professional High-Resolution Computer Usecited by 246
- 2024Windows Agent Arena: Evaluating Multi-Modal OS Agents at Scalecited by 212
- 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Webcited by 156
- 2025Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Software Taskscited by 142
- 2025Scaling Computer-Use Grounding via User Interface Decomposition and Synthesiscited by 132
- 2025Checklists Are Better Than Reward Models For Aligning Language Modelscited by 115
- 2024LLM-Rubric: A Multidimensional, Calibrated Approach to Automated Evaluation of Natural Language Textscited by 81
- 2025Vending-Bench: A Benchmark for Long-Term Coherence of Autonomous Agentscited by 75
- 2025OdysseyBench: Evaluating LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Complex Office Application Workflowscited by 54
- 2025macOSWorld: A Multilingual Interactive Benchmark for GUI Agentscited by 31
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 19.
19 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026Workspace-Bench 1.0: Benchmarking AI Agents on Workspace Tasks with Large-Scale File Dependenciescited by 20
- 2026Qwen-UI-Agent Technical Report: Toward Next-Generation Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agentscited by 8
- 2026AgentRewind: Recoverable Execution for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 6
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agentscited by 5
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operationscited by 5
- 2026SentinelBench: A Benchmark for Long-Running Monitoring Agentscited by 3
- 2026How Benchmarks Mis-Score Computer-Use Agentscited by 3
- 2026Multi-Agent Computer Usecited by 2
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Success: Diagnosing Failures in Long-Horizon Security LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2026UI-Venus-2 Technical Reportcited by 1
- 2026Signal-Driven Observation for Long-Horizon Web Agentscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Domains: Reusing Web Skills via Transferable Interaction Patternscited by 0
7 more
- 2026WildTrace: Benchmarking Natural Evidence Trails in Long-Context Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Spine-Branch Coordination for Multi-agent Computer Usecited by 0
- 2026BLINDSPOT: A Benchmark for Safety and Refusal Calibration in Long-Horizon Tool-Using Agentscited by 0
- 2026From Tapping to Hopping: Augmenting Mobile GUI Agents with App-Native Deeplinkscited by 0
- 2026Trust and Task Completion in the World of Consumer AI Agentscited by 0
- 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agentscited by 0
- 2026LiveMACE: Process-Aware Evaluation of LLM Agent Capabilities in Evolving Marketscited by 0
- 2026LiveMACE: Process-Aware Evaluation of LLM Agent Capabilities in Evolving Markets7 Oct 2026
- 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agents30 Sep 2026
- 2026Trust and Task Completion in the World of Consumer AI Agents26 Sep 2026
- 2026From Tapping to Hopping: Augmenting Mobile GUI Agents with App-Native Deeplinks25 Sep 2026
- 2026BLINDSPOT: A Benchmark for Safety and Refusal Calibration in Long-Horizon Tool-Using Agents14 Sep 2026
- 2026UI-Venus-2 Technical Report27 Aug 2026
- 2026Spine-Branch Coordination for Multi-agent Computer Use22 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Success: Diagnosing Failures in Long-Horizon Security LLM Agents20 Aug 2026
- 2026AgentRewind: Recoverable Execution for Long-Horizon LLM Agents14 Aug 2026
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operations31 Jul 2026
- 2026How Benchmarks Mis-Score Computer-Use Agents30 Jul 2026
- 2026Qwen-UI-Agent Technical Report: Toward Next-Generation Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents30 Jul 2026
7 more
- 2026WildTrace: Benchmarking Natural Evidence Trails in Long-Context Reasoning10 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Domains: Reusing Web Skills via Transferable Interaction Patterns16 Jun 2026
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agents15 Jun 2026
- 2026Signal-Driven Observation for Long-Horizon Web Agents4 Jun 2026
- 2026SentinelBench: A Benchmark for Long-Running Monitoring Agents3 Jun 2026
- 2026Multi-Agent Computer Use1 Jun 2026
- 2026Workspace-Bench 1.0: Benchmarking AI Agents on Workspace Tasks with Large-Scale File Dependencies5 May 2026
- 2026Workspace-Bench 1.0: Benchmarking AI Agents on Workspace Tasks with Large-Scale File Dependenciescited by 20
- 2026Qwen-UI-Agent Technical Report: Toward Next-Generation Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agentscited by 8
- 2026AgentRewind: Recoverable Execution for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 6
- 2026MyPCBench: A Benchmark for Personally Intelligent Computer-Use Agentscited by 5
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operationscited by 5
- 2026How Benchmarks Mis-Score Computer-Use Agentscited by 3
- 2026Multi-Agent Computer Usecited by 2
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Success: Diagnosing Failures in Long-Horizon Security LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2026UI-Venus-2 Technical Reportcited by 1
- 2026Signal-Driven Observation for Long-Horizon Web Agentscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Domains: Reusing Web Skills via Transferable Interaction Patternscited by 0
- 2026Spine-Branch Coordination for Multi-agent Computer Usecited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026LiveMACE: Process-Aware Evaluation of LLM Agent Capabilities in Evolving Markets7 Oct 2026
- 2026cua-speedrun: Standardized Benchmarking of the Speed of Computer-Use Agents30 Sep 2026
- 2026Trust and Task Completion in the World of Consumer AI Agents26 Sep 2026
- 2026From Tapping to Hopping: Augmenting Mobile GUI Agents with App-Native Deeplinks25 Sep 2026
- 2026BLINDSPOT: A Benchmark for Safety and Refusal Calibration in Long-Horizon Tool-Using Agents14 Sep 2026
- 2026UI-Venus-2 Technical Report27 Aug 2026
- 2026Spine-Branch Coordination for Multi-agent Computer Use22 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond End-to-End Success: Diagnosing Failures in Long-Horizon Security LLM Agents20 Aug 2026
- 2026AgentRewind: Recoverable Execution for Long-Horizon LLM Agents14 Aug 2026
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operations31 Jul 2026
- 2026How Benchmarks Mis-Score Computer-Use Agents30 Jul 2026
- 2026Qwen-UI-Agent Technical Report: Toward Next-Generation Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents30 Jul 2026
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026WebRetriever: A Large-Scale Comprehensive Benchmark for Efficient Web Agent Evaluation
- 2024WebCanvas: Benchmarking Web Agents in Online Environments
- 2025REAL: Benchmarking Autonomous Agents on Deterministic Simulations of Real Websites
- 2026TimeWarp: Evaluating Web Agents by Revisiting the Past
- 2026CAP: A Scalable Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-Site Browser Agents with Complex Actions and Perception
- 2026Where Did It Go Wrong? Process-Level Evaluation of Web Agents with Semantic State Tracking
- 2026When Web Agents Finish but Still Fail: Reproducible Triggers and Trace Diagnostics for Parallel Web Exploration
- 2025AgentRewardBench: Evaluating Automatic Evaluations of Web Agent Trajectories