mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MobileBench-OL: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Evaluating Mobile GUI Agents in Real-World Environment

arXiv 2601.20335 ↗First posted 28 Jan 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents highlight the growing need for comprehensive evaluation benchmarks. While new online benchmarks offer more realistic testing than offline ones, they tend to focus on the agents' task instruction-following ability while neglecting their reasoning and exploration ability. Moreover, these benchmarks do not consider the random noise in real-world mobile environments. This leads to a gap between benchmarks and real-world environments. To addressing these limitations, we propose MobileBench-OL, an online benchmark with 1080 tasks from 80 Chinese apps. It measures task execution, complex reasoning, and noise robustness of agents by including 5 subsets, which set multiple evaluation dimensions. We also provide an auto-eval framework with a reset mechanism, enabling stable and repeatable real-world benchmarking. Evaluating 12 leading GUI agents on MobileBench-OL shows significant room for improvement to meet real-world requirements. Human evaluation further confirms that MobileBench-OL can reliably measure the performance of leading GUI agents in real environments. Our data and code will be released upon acceptance.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 38 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2026.

Builds on

38 of 45 references.

Closest ancestors · 26

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025MAI-UI Technical Report: Real-World Centric Foundation GUI Agents26 Dec
  2. 2025AndroidLens: Long-latency Evaluation with Nested Sub-targets for Android GUI Agents24 Dec
  3. 2025MobileWorld: Benchmarking Autonomous Mobile Agents in Agent-User Interactive and MCP-Augmented Environments22 Dec
  4. 2025D-GARA: A Dynamic Benchmarking Framework for GUI Agent Robustness in Real-World Anomalies20 Nov
  5. 2025Mobile-Agent-v3: Fundamental Agents for GUI Automation21 Aug
  6. 2025GUI-Robust: A Comprehensive Dataset for Testing GUI Agent Robustness in Real-World Anomalies17 Jun
  7. 2025BacktrackAgent: Enhancing GUI Agent with Error Detection and Backtracking Mechanism27 May
  8. 2025Mobile-Agent-E: Self-Evolving Mobile Assistant for Complex Tasks20 Jan
  9. 2025InfiGUIAgent: A Multimodal Generalist GUI Agent with Native Reasoning and Reflection8 Jan
  10. 2024AndroidLab: Training and Systematic Benchmarking of Android Autonomous Agents31 Oct
  11. 2024OS-ATLAS: A Foundation Action Model for Generalist GUI Agents30 Oct
  12. 2024SPA-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for SmartPhone Agent Evaluation19 Oct
14 more
  1. 2024DistRL: An Asynchronous Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for On-Device Control Agents18 Oct
  2. 2024Navigating the Digital World as Humans Do: Universal Visual Grounding for GUI Agents7 Oct
  3. 2024AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agents3 Jul
  4. 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learning14 Jun
  5. 2024MobileAgentBench: An Efficient and User-Friendly Benchmark for Mobile LLM Agents12 Jun
  6. 2024Benchmarking Mobile Device Control Agents across Diverse Configurations25 Apr
  7. 2024LlamaTouch: A Faithful and Scalable Testbed for Mobile UI Task Automation12 Apr
  8. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environments11 Apr
  9. 2024Android in the Zoo: Chain-of-Action-Thought for GUI Agents5 Mar
  10. 2024Understanding the Weakness of Large Language Model Agents within a Complex Android Environment9 Feb
  11. 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users21 Dec
  12. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
  13. 2023You Only Look at Screens: Multimodal Chain-of-Action Agents20 Sep
  14. 2023Mobile-Env: Building Qualified Evaluation Benchmarks for LLM-GUI Interaction14 May

Other references · 12

  1. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  2. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  3. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
  4. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  5. 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
  6. 2024Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimizationcited by 239
  7. 2024OmniParser for Pure Vision Based GUI Agentcited by 198
  8. 2024Ferret-UI: Grounded Mobile UI Understanding with Multimodal LLMscited by 176
  9. 2023GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigationcited by 137
  10. 2024MobileVLM: A Vision-Language Model for Better Intra- and Inter-UI Understandingcited by 48
  11. 2024GUI-World: A Video Benchmark and Dataset for Multimodal GUI-oriented Understandingcited by 43
  12. 2025AutoEval: A Practical Framework for Autonomous Evaluation of Mobile Agentscited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026VenusBench-Mobile: A Challenging and User-Centric Benchmark for Mobile GUI Agents with Capability Diagnostics
  2. 2026APPSim-Bench: Bridging Real-world Apps and Reproducible Evaluation for Mobile GUI Agents
  3. 2025MobiBench: Multi-Branch, Modular Benchmark for Mobile GUI Agents
  4. 2026GUI-CEval: A Hierarchical and Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Mobile GUI Agents
  5. 2026AmbiBench: Benchmarking Mobile GUI Agents Beyond One-Shot Instructions in the Wild
  6. 2025MMBench-GUI: Hierarchical Multi-Platform Evaluation Framework for GUI Agents
  7. 2026Same Tasks, Different Apps: Why Mobile GUI Agents Fail to Generalize?
  8. 2025Mobile GUI Agents under Real-world Threats: Are We There Yet?