From 2D CAD Drawings to 3D Parametric Models: A Vision-Language Approach
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present CAD2Program, a new method for reconstructing 3D parametric models from 2D CAD drawings. Our proposed method is inspired by recent successes in vision-language models (VLMs), and departs from traditional methods which rely on task-specific data representations and/or algorithms. Specifically, on the input side, we simply treat the 2D CAD drawing as a raster image, regardless of its original format, and encode the image with a standard ViT model. We show that such an encoding scheme achieves competitive performance against existing methods that operate on vector-graphics inputs, while imposing substantially fewer restrictions on the 2D drawings. On the output side, our method auto-regressively predicts a general-purpose language describing 3D parametric models in text form. Compared to other sequence modeling methods for CAD which use domain-specific sequence representations with fixed-size slots, our text-based representation is more flexible, and can be easily extended to arbitrary geometric entities and semantic or functional properties. Experimental results on a large-scale dataset of cabinet models demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2024.
Builds on
20 of 41 references.
References · 20
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8 more
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 9.
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- 2025CME-CAD: Heterogeneous Collaborative Multi-Expert Reinforcement Learning for CAD Code Generationcited by 19
- 2025Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design: A Surveycited by 18
- 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2025Drawing2CAD: Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for CAD Generation from Vector Drawingscited by 9
- 2025CReFT-CAD: Boosting Orthographic Projection Reasoning for CAD via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 8
- 2025PHT-CAD: Efficient CAD Parametric Primitive Analysis with Progressive Hierarchical Tuningcited by 3
- 2026BIM-Edit: Benchmarking Large Language Models for IFC-Based Building Information Modelingcited by 1
- 2026SOV-CAD: Stepwise Orthographic Views Guided CAD Modeling Sequence Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026TLC-Plan: A Two-Level Codebook Based Network for End-to-End Vector Floorplan Generationcited by 0
- 2026Design-Specification Tiling for ICL-based CAD Code Generationcited by 0
- 2026GuideCAD: A Lightweight Multimodal Framework for 3D CAD Model Generation via Prefix Embeddingcited by 0
- 2026Drawing-Recode: Annotation Grounding for Parametric CAD Code Generation from Raster 2D CAD Drawingscited by 0
- 2026CIT-CAD: Constraint Intent Tree-based CAD Code Generation and Verification7 Sep 2026
- 2026IterCAD: Iterative Program Repair for CAD Code Generation from Orthographic Views25 Aug 2026
- 2026OmniMech: All-in-one Multimodal Mechanical Benchmark for 3D Reconstruction6 Aug 2026
- 2026Drawing-Recode: Annotation Grounding for Parametric CAD Code Generation from Raster 2D CAD Drawings30 Jul 2026
- 2026SOV-CAD: Stepwise Orthographic Views Guided CAD Modeling Sequence Reconstruction5 Jul 2026
- 2026BIM-Edit: Benchmarking Large Language Models for IFC-Based Building Information Modeling18 Jun 2026
- 2026GuideCAD: A Lightweight Multimodal Framework for 3D CAD Model Generation via Prefix Embedding5 Jun 2026
- 2026Design-Specification Tiling for ICL-based CAD Code Generation13 Mar 2026
- 2026TLC-Plan: A Two-Level Codebook Based Network for End-to-End Vector Floorplan Generation6 Feb 2026
- 2025CME-CAD: Heterogeneous Collaborative Multi-Expert Reinforcement Learning for CAD Code Generation29 Dec 2025
- 2025Drawing2CAD: Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for CAD Generation from Vector Drawings26 Aug 2025
- 2025CReFT-CAD: Boosting Orthographic Projection Reasoning for CAD via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning31 May 2025
- 2025CME-CAD: Heterogeneous Collaborative Multi-Expert Reinforcement Learning for CAD Code Generationcited by 19
- 2025Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design: A Surveycited by 18
- 2025Drawing2CAD: Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for CAD Generation from Vector Drawingscited by 9
- 2025PHT-CAD: Efficient CAD Parametric Primitive Analysis with Progressive Hierarchical Tuningcited by 3
- 2026BIM-Edit: Benchmarking Large Language Models for IFC-Based Building Information Modelingcited by 1
- 2026TLC-Plan: A Two-Level Codebook Based Network for End-to-End Vector Floorplan Generationcited by 0
- 2026Design-Specification Tiling for ICL-based CAD Code Generationcited by 0
- 2026GuideCAD: A Lightweight Multimodal Framework for 3D CAD Model Generation via Prefix Embeddingcited by 0
- 2026Drawing-Recode: Annotation Grounding for Parametric CAD Code Generation from Raster 2D CAD Drawingscited by 0
- 2026IterCAD: Iterative Program Repair for CAD Code Generation from Orthographic Viewscited by 0
- 2026CIT-CAD: Constraint Intent Tree-based CAD Code Generation and Verificationcited by 0
- 2026CIT-CAD: Constraint Intent Tree-based CAD Code Generation and Verification7 Sep 2026
- 2026IterCAD: Iterative Program Repair for CAD Code Generation from Orthographic Views25 Aug 2026
- 2026Drawing-Recode: Annotation Grounding for Parametric CAD Code Generation from Raster 2D CAD Drawings30 Jul 2026
- 2026BIM-Edit: Benchmarking Large Language Models for IFC-Based Building Information Modeling18 Jun 2026
- 2026GuideCAD: A Lightweight Multimodal Framework for 3D CAD Model Generation via Prefix Embedding5 Jun 2026
- 2026Design-Specification Tiling for ICL-based CAD Code Generation13 Mar 2026
- 2026TLC-Plan: A Two-Level Codebook Based Network for End-to-End Vector Floorplan Generation6 Feb 2026
- 2025CME-CAD: Heterogeneous Collaborative Multi-Expert Reinforcement Learning for CAD Code Generation29 Dec 2025
- 2025Drawing2CAD: Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for CAD Generation from Vector Drawings26 Aug 2025
- 2025Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design: A Survey13 May 2025
- 2025PHT-CAD: Efficient CAD Parametric Primitive Analysis with Progressive Hierarchical Tuning23 Mar 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024CadVLM: Bridging Language and Vision in the Generation of Parametric CAD Sketches
- 2026Vision2CAD: A Visual Agent Harness for Explicit Geometry Referencing and Localization in Parametric CAD Modeling
- 2025CAD-Coder: An Open-Source Vision-Language Model for Computer-Aided Design Code Generation
- 2026CADFS: A Big CAD Program Dataset and Framework for Computer-Aided Design with Large Language Models
- 2025GACO-CAD: Geometry-Augmented and Conciseness-Optimized CAD Model Generation from Single Image
- 2025From Drawings to Decisions: A Hybrid Vision-Language Framework for Parsing 2D Engineering Drawings into Structured Manufacturing Knowledge
- 2024Img2CAD: Reverse Engineering 3D CAD Models from Images through VLM-Assisted Conditional Factorization
- 2024Text2CAD: Text to 3D CAD Generation via Technical Drawings