Point2CAD: Reverse Engineering CAD Models from 3D Point Clouds
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Abstract (arXiv)
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model reconstruction from point clouds is an important problem at the intersection of computer vision, graphics, and machine learning; it saves the designer significant time when iterating on in-the-wild objects. Recent advancements in this direction achieve relatively reliable semantic segmentation but still struggle to produce an adequate topology of the CAD model. In this work, we analyze the current state of the art for that ill-posed task and identify shortcomings of existing methods. We propose a hybrid analytic-neural reconstruction scheme that bridges the gap between segmented point clouds and structured CAD models and can be readily combined with different segmentation backbones. Moreover, to power the surface fitting stage, we propose a novel implicit neural representation of freeform surfaces, driving up the performance of our overall CAD reconstruction scheme. We extensively evaluate our method on the popular ABC benchmark of CAD models and set a new state-of-the-art for that dataset. Project page: https://www.obukhov.ai/point2cad}{https://www.obukhov.ai/point2cad.
Key facts. Cited by 36 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Dec 2023.
Builds on
25 of 53 references.
References · 25
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
- 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,502
- 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,238
- 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,223
- 2020Point Transformercited by 1,470
- 2018On the Spectral Bias of Neural Networkscited by 1,341
- 2018PointCNN: Convolution On X-Transformed Pointscited by 764
- 2020PCT: Point cloud transformercited by 732
- 2019DeepGCNs: Can GCNs Go as Deep as CNNs?cited by 527
- 2019Point-Voxel CNN for Efficient 3D Deep Learningcited by 343
- 2018ABC: A Big CAD Model Dataset For Geometric Deep Learningcited by 341
13 more
- 2020ParSeNet: A Parametric Surface Fitting Network for 3D Point Cloudscited by 96
- 2021BRepNet: A topological message passing system for solid modelscited by 95
- 2018Supervised Fitting of Geometric Primitives to 3D Point Cloudscited by 91
- 2021JoinABLe: Learning Bottom-up Assembly of Parametric CAD Jointscited by 78
- 2021CAPRI-Net: Learning Compact CAD Shapes with Adaptive Primitive Assemblycited by 62
- 2021Point2Cyl: Reverse Engineering 3D Objects from Point Clouds to Extrusion Cylinderscited by 60
- 2018Fully-Convolutional Point Networks for Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 44
- 2021HPNet: Deep Primitive Segmentation Using Hybrid Representationscited by 36
- 2019Neural Shape Parsers for Constructive Solid Geometrycited by 14
- 2019DeepSpline: Data-Driven Reconstruction of Parametric Curves and Surfacescited by 9
- 2020Learning Part Boundaries from 3D Point Cloudscited by 9
- 2021HybridSDF: Combining Deep Implicit Shapes and Geometric Primitives for 3D Shape Representation and Manipulationcited by 5
- 2023Recognising geometric primitives in 3D point clouds of mechanical CAD objectscited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 12; 2026: 21.
36 papers.
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- 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 81
- 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilitiescited by 43
- 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Imagescited by 25
- 2025DTGBrepGen: A Novel B-rep Generative Model through Decoupling Topology and Geometrycited by 21
- 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2025Parametric Point Cloud Completion for Polygonal Surface Reconstructioncited by 6
- 2025CMT: A Cascade MAR with Topology Predictor for Multimodal Conditional CAD Generationcited by 6
- 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineeringcited by 6
- 2025Point2Primitive: CAD Reconstruction from Point Cloud by Direct Primitive Predictioncited by 4
- 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimizationcited by 4
- 2026BrepCoder: A Unified Multimodal Large Language Model for Multi-task B-rep Reasoningcited by 3
- 2024Rethinking Data Input for Point Cloud Upsamplingcited by 2
24 more
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- 2026DreamCAD: Scaling Multi-modal CAD Generation using Differentiable Parametric Surfacescited by 2
- 2026STEP-LLM: Generating CAD STEP Models from Natural Language with Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026PLLM: Pseudo-Labeling Large Language Models for CAD Program Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026BRepCLIP: Contrastive Multimodal Pretraining on BRep Primitives for CAD Understandingcited by 1
- 2026HierCAD: Hierarchical Text-to-CAD Design via Structure Alignment and Parameter Groundingcited by 1
- 2026Neuro-Symbolic Geometric Abstraction (NeuSOGA): From Observations to Symbolic Mathematical Representationscited by 1
- 2026CADForge: Agentic Single-View CAD Reconstruction with Explicit Geometry Reasoningcited by 1
- 2024Point2Building: Reconstructing Buildings from Airborne LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2025SHREC 2025: Retrieval of Optimal Objects for Multi-modal Enhanced Language and Spatial Assistance (ROOMELSA)cited by 0
- 2025S2AM3D: Scale-controllable Part Segmentation of 3D Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2025Order Matters: 3D Shape Generation from Sequential VR Sketchescited by 0
- 2025PUFM++: Point Cloud Upsampling via Enhanced Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2026Unified Primitive Proxies for Structured Shape Completioncited by 0
- 2026SharpNet: Enhancing MLPs to Represent Functions with Controlled Non-differentiabilitycited by 0
- 2026BrepGaussian: CAD reconstruction from Multi-View Images with Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Learning From Design Procedure To Generate CAD Programs for Data Augmentationcited by 0
- 2026A2Z-10M+: Geometric Deep Learning with A-to-Z BRep Annotations for AI-Assisted CAD Modeling and Reverse Engineeringcited by 0
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cyclecited by 0
- 2026AIMold: An Autonomous AI-based Pipeline for Complex Mold Designcited by 0
- 2026RA-CAD: Learning Post-Execution Critique for State-Aware Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 0
- 2026VGGT-CAD: Reconstructing Parametric CAD 3D Model with Geometric Groundingcited by 0
- 2026StepCAD: Mesh-to-CAD Code Generation via LLM Policy and Geometry-Guided Searchcited by 0
- 2026UniBRep: Learning Unified Geometry and Topology for Image-conditioned B-Rep Generationcited by 0
- 2026CADForge: Agentic Single-View CAD Reconstruction with Explicit Geometry Reasoning3 Oct 2026
- 2026UniBRep: Learning Unified Geometry and Topology for Image-conditioned B-Rep Generation2 Oct 2026
- 2026StepCAD: Mesh-to-CAD Code Generation via LLM Policy and Geometry-Guided Search1 Oct 2026
- 2026VGGT-CAD: Reconstructing Parametric CAD 3D Model with Geometric Grounding18 Sep 2026
- 2026Neuro-Symbolic Geometric Abstraction (NeuSOGA): From Observations to Symbolic Mathematical Representations1 Sep 2026
- 2026RA-CAD: Learning Post-Execution Critique for State-Aware Text-to-CAD Generation6 Aug 2026
- 2026AIMold: An Autonomous AI-based Pipeline for Complex Mold Design1 Aug 2026
- 2026HierCAD: Hierarchical Text-to-CAD Design via Structure Alignment and Parameter Grounding13 Jul 2026
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cycle6 Jul 2026
- 2026BRepCLIP: Contrastive Multimodal Pretraining on BRep Primitives for CAD Understanding3 Jun 2026
- 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimization2 May 2026
- 2026A2Z-10M+: Geometric Deep Learning with A-to-Z BRep Annotations for AI-Assisted CAD Modeling and Reverse Engineering13 Mar 2026
24 more
- 2026Learning From Design Procedure To Generate CAD Programs for Data Augmentation6 Mar 2026
- 2026DreamCAD: Scaling Multi-modal CAD Generation using Differentiable Parametric Surfaces5 Mar 2026
- 2026BrepCoder: A Unified Multimodal Large Language Model for Multi-task B-rep Reasoning25 Feb 2026
- 2026BrepGaussian: CAD reconstruction from Multi-View Images with Gaussian Splatting24 Feb 2026
- 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineering18 Feb 2026
- 2026PLLM: Pseudo-Labeling Large Language Models for CAD Program Synthesis13 Feb 2026
- 2026SharpNet: Enhancing MLPs to Represent Functions with Controlled Non-differentiability27 Jan 2026
- 2026STEP-LLM: Generating CAD STEP Models from Natural Language with Large Language Models19 Jan 2026
- 2026Unified Primitive Proxies for Structured Shape Completion2 Jan 2026
- 2025PUFM++: Point Cloud Upsampling via Enhanced Flow Matching24 Dec 2025
- 2025CADKnitter: Compositional CAD Generation from Text and Geometry Guidance12 Dec 2025
- 2025Order Matters: 3D Shape Generation from Sequential VR Sketches4 Dec 2025
- 2025S2AM3D: Scale-controllable Part Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds30 Nov 2025
- 2025SHREC 2025: Retrieval of Optimal Objects for Multi-modal Enhanced Language and Spatial Assistance (ROOMELSA)12 Aug 2025
- 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learning28 May 2025
- 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilities10 May 2025
- 2025Point2Primitive: CAD Reconstruction from Point Cloud by Direct Primitive Prediction4 May 2025
- 2025CMT: A Cascade MAR with Topology Predictor for Multimodal Conditional CAD Generation29 Apr 2025
- 2025DTGBrepGen: A Novel B-rep Generative Model through Decoupling Topology and Geometry17 Mar 2025
- 2025Parametric Point Cloud Completion for Polygonal Surface Reconstruction11 Mar 2025
- 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Images28 Feb 2025
- 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLM7 Nov 2024
- 2024Rethinking Data Input for Point Cloud Upsampling5 Jul 2024
- 2024Point2Building: Reconstructing Buildings from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds4 Mar 2024
- 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Imagescited by 25
- 2025PUFM++: Point Cloud Upsampling via Enhanced Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2025PUFM++: Point Cloud Upsampling via Enhanced Flow Matching24 Dec 2025
- 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Images28 Feb 2025
- 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 81
- 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilitiescited by 43
- 2025DTGBrepGen: A Novel B-rep Generative Model through Decoupling Topology and Geometrycited by 21
- 2025Parametric Point Cloud Completion for Polygonal Surface Reconstructioncited by 6
- 2025CMT: A Cascade MAR with Topology Predictor for Multimodal Conditional CAD Generationcited by 6
- 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineeringcited by 6
- 2025Point2Primitive: CAD Reconstruction from Point Cloud by Direct Primitive Predictioncited by 4
- 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimizationcited by 4
- 2024Rethinking Data Input for Point Cloud Upsamplingcited by 2
- 2025CADKnitter: Compositional CAD Generation from Text and Geometry Guidancecited by 2
- 2026DreamCAD: Scaling Multi-modal CAD Generation using Differentiable Parametric Surfacescited by 2
- 2026STEP-LLM: Generating CAD STEP Models from Natural Language with Large Language Modelscited by 1
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2026UniBRep: Learning Unified Geometry and Topology for Image-conditioned B-Rep Generation2 Oct 2026
- 2026StepCAD: Mesh-to-CAD Code Generation via LLM Policy and Geometry-Guided Search1 Oct 2026
- 2026VGGT-CAD: Reconstructing Parametric CAD 3D Model with Geometric Grounding18 Sep 2026
- 2026Neuro-Symbolic Geometric Abstraction (NeuSOGA): From Observations to Symbolic Mathematical Representations1 Sep 2026
- 2026RA-CAD: Learning Post-Execution Critique for State-Aware Text-to-CAD Generation6 Aug 2026
- 2026AIMold: An Autonomous AI-based Pipeline for Complex Mold Design1 Aug 2026
- 2026HierCAD: Hierarchical Text-to-CAD Design via Structure Alignment and Parameter Grounding13 Jul 2026
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cycle6 Jul 2026
- 2026BRepCLIP: Contrastive Multimodal Pretraining on BRep Primitives for CAD Understanding3 Jun 2026
- 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimization2 May 2026
- 2026A2Z-10M+: Geometric Deep Learning with A-to-Z BRep Annotations for AI-Assisted CAD Modeling and Reverse Engineering13 Mar 2026
- 2026Learning From Design Procedure To Generate CAD Programs for Data Augmentation6 Mar 2026
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)