mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

EscapeBench: Towards Advancing Creative Intelligence of Language Model Agents

arXiv 2412.13549 ↗First posted 18 Dec 2024cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 5

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Language model agents excel in long-session planning and reasoning, but existing benchmarks primarily focus on goal-oriented tasks with explicit objectives, neglecting creative adaptation in unfamiliar environments. To address this, we introduce EscapeBench, a benchmark suite of room escape game environments designed to challenge agents with creative reasoning, unconventional tool use, and iterative problem-solving to uncover implicit goals. Our results show that current LM models, despite employing working memory and Chain-of-Thought reasoning, achieve only 15% average progress without hints, highlighting their limitations in creativity. To bridge this gap, we propose EscapeAgent, a framework designed to enhance creative reasoning through Foresight (innovative tool use) and Reflection (identifying unsolved tasks). Experiments show that EscapeAgent can execute action chains over 1,000 steps while maintaining logical coherence. It navigates and completes games with up to 40% fewer steps and hints, performs robustly across difficulty levels, and achieves higher action success rates with more efficient and innovative puzzle-solving strategies.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 58 of its 104 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Dec 2024.

Builds on

58 of 104 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Creative Agents: Empowering Agents with Imagination for Creative Tasks5 Dec
  2. 2023Language Agent Tree Search Unifies Reasoning Acting and Planning in Language Models6 Oct
  3. 2023SwiftSage: A Generative Agent with Fast and Slow Thinking for Complex Interactive Tasks27 May
  4. 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society31 Mar
  5. 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with Large Language Models Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents3 Feb

Other references · 53

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  4. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  5. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  6. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  7. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
  8. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  9. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  10. 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,883
  11. 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,722
  12. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,210
38 more
  1. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
  2. 2022Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Controlcited by 1,172
  3. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
  4. 2024DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelcited by 1,093
  5. 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Modelcited by 846
  6. 2024Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AIcited by 706
  7. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 496
  8. 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledgecited by 469
  9. 2023Augmented Language Models: a Surveycited by 398
  10. 2023An Embodied Generalist Agent in 3D Worldcited by 355
  11. 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 350
  12. 2024Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researcherscited by 348
  13. 2019On the Utility of Learning about Humans for Human-AI Coordinationcited by 345
  14. 2024ReKep: Spatio-Temporal Reasoning of Relational Keypoint Constraints for Robotic Manipulationcited by 305
  15. 2018TextWorld: A Learning Environment for Text-based Gamescited by 304
  16. 2022ScienceWorld: Is your Agent Smarter than a 5th Grader?cited by 298
  17. 2023Large Language Models as Tool Makerscited by 293
  18. 2023SayPlan: Grounding Large Language Models using 3D Scene Graphs for Scalable Robot Task Planningcited by 289
  19. 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 288
  20. 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Communication Games: An Empirical Study on Werewolfcited by 238
  21. 2023SciMON: Scientific Inspiration Machines Optimized for Noveltycited by 174
  22. 2023JARVIS-1: Open-World Multi-task Agents with Memory-Augmented Multimodal Language Modelscited by 170
  23. 2023Multimodal Web Navigation with Instruction-Finetuned Foundation Modelscited by 159
  24. 2023SelfCheck: Using LLMs to Zero-Shot Check Their Own Step-by-Step Reasoningcited by 157
  25. 2023ChatDB: Augmenting LLMs with Databases as Their Symbolic Memorycited by 136
  26. 2023Towards Learning a Generalist Model for Embodied Navigationcited by 135
  27. 2023SmartPlay: A Benchmark for LLMs as Intelligent Agentscited by 123
  28. 2019Learning to Speak and Act in a Fantasy Text Adventure Gamecited by 122
  29. 2024A Survey on Large Language Model-Based Game Agentscited by 106
  30. 2024Agent-Pro: Learning to Evolve via Policy-Level Reflection and Optimizationcited by 93
  31. 2023AgentSims: An Open-Source Sandbox for Large Language Model Evaluationcited by 86
  32. 2024Self-Contrast: Better Reflection Through Inconsistent Solving Perspectivescited by 71
  33. 2023Suspicion-Agent: Playing Imperfect Information Games with Theory of Mind Aware GPT-4cited by 67
  34. 2021The ThreeDWorld Transport Challenge: A Visually Guided Task-and-Motion Planning Benchmark for Physically Realistic Embodied AIcited by 64
  35. 2020STORIUM: A Dataset and Evaluation Platform for Machine-in-the-Loop Story Generationcited by 56
  36. 2023Hoodwinked: Deception and Cooperation in a Text-Based Game for Language Modelscited by 46
  37. 2024CivRealm: A Learning and Reasoning Odyssey in Civilization for Decision-Making Agentscited by 41
  38. 2018Counting to Explore and Generalize in Text-based Gamescited by 36

50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 3.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026CreativityBench: Evaluating Agent Creative Reasoning via Affordance-Based Tool Repurposing
  2. 2026Beyond One Path: Evaluating and Enhancing Divergent Thinking in Interactive LLM Agents
  3. 2024One STEP at a time: Language Agents are Stepwise Planners
  4. 2025EscapeCraft: A 3D Room Escape Environment for Benchmarking Complex Multimodal Reasoning Ability
  5. 2024GameBench: Evaluating Strategic Reasoning Abilities of LLM Agents
  6. 2025Creativity or Brute Force? Using Brainteasers as a Window into the Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language Models
  7. 2025Runaway is Ashamed, But Helpful: On the Early-Exit Behavior of Large Language Model-based Agents in Embodied Environments
  8. 2026Trace2Skill: Distill Trajectory-Local Lessons into Transferable Agent Skills