M2DA: Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer Incorporating Driver Attention for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture
Abstract (arXiv)
End-to-end autonomous driving has witnessed remarkable progress. However, the extensive deployment of autonomous vehicles has yet to be realized, primarily due to 1) inefficient multi-modal environment perception: how to integrate data from multi-modal sensors more efficiently; 2) non-human-like scene understanding: how to effectively locate and predict critical risky agents in traffic scenarios like an experienced driver. To overcome these challenges, in this paper, we propose a Multi-Modal fusion transformer incorporating Driver Attention (M2DA) for autonomous driving. To better fuse multi-modal data and achieve higher alignment between different modalities, a novel Lidar-Vision-Attention-based Fusion (LVAFusion) module is proposed. By incorporating driver attention, we empower the human-like scene understanding ability to autonomous vehicles to identify crucial areas within complex scenarios precisely and ensure safety. We conduct experiments on the CARLA simulator and achieve state-of-the-art performance with less data in closed-loop benchmarks. Source codes are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/M2DA-4772.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 64 of its 83 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Mar 2024.
Builds on
64 of 83 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2023FusionAD: Multi-modality Fusion for Prediction and Planning Tasks of Autonomous Driving2 Aug
- 2023DriveAdapter: Breaking the Coupling Barrier of Perception and Planning in End-to-End Autonomous Driving1 Aug
- 2023Hidden Biases of End-to-End Driving Models13 Jun
- 2023Think Twice before Driving: Towards Scalable Decoders for End-to-End Autonomous Driving10 May
- 2022Trajectory-guided Control Prediction for End-to-end Autonomous Driving: A Simple yet Strong Baseline16 Jun
- 2022TransFuser: Imitation with Transformer-Based Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Driving31 May
- 2022End-to-end Autonomous Driving with Semantic Depth Cloud Mapping and Multi-agent12 Apr
- 2021Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Driving19 Apr
Other references · 56
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
- 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,431
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2019PointPainting: Sequential Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 449
- 2020U2-Net: Going Deeper with Nested U-Structure for Salient Object Detectioncited by 410
- 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 391
- 2019Learning by Cheatingcited by 361
38 more
- 2019Exploring the Limitations of Behavior Cloning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 343
- 2016Virtual Worlds as Proxy for Multi-Object Tracking Analysiscited by 340
- 2017Joint 3D Proposal Generation and Object Detection from View Aggregationcited by 325
- 2020Deep Continuous Fusion for Multi-Sensor 3D Object Detectioncited by 263
- 2020Fast and Furious: Real Time End-to-End 3D Detection, Tracking and Motion Forecasting with a Single Convolutional Netcited by 228
- 2020Multi-scale Interactive Network for Salient Object Detectioncited by 212
- 2022Safety-Enhanced Autonomous Driving Using Interpretable Sensor Fusion Transformercited by 211
- 2020Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 203
- 2021End-to-End Urban Driving by Imitating a Reinforcement Learning Coachcited by 191
- 2019PRECOG: PREdiction Conditioned On Goals in Visual Multi-Agent Settingscited by 178
- 2021NEAT: Neural Attention Fields for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 174
- 2019End-to-End Multi-View Fusion for 3D Object Detection in LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 171
- 2021IntentNet: Learning to Predict Intention from Raw Sensor Datacited by 158
- 2022Model-Based Imitation Learning for Urban Drivingcited by 149
- 2019End-to-End Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Urban Driving using Implicit Affordancescited by 147
- 2020PnPNet: End-to-End Perception and Prediction with Tracking in the Loopcited by 143
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- 2022Learning from All Vehiclescited by 135
- 2021DS-TransUNet:Dual Swin Transformer U-Net for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 126
- 2021Learning to drive from a world on railscited by 114
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- 2022PlanT: Explainable Planning Transformers via Object-Level Representationscited by 105
- 2019Spatially-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Relational Behavior Forecasting from Sensor Datacited by 104
- 2020Interpretable End-to-end Urban Autonomous Driving with Latent Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 99
- 2023ReasonNet: End-to-End Driving with Temporal and Global Reasoningcited by 92
- 2017Predicting the Driver's Focus of Attention: the DR(eye)VE Projectcited by 79
- 2020Unified Image and Video Saliency Modelingcited by 74
- 2018Conditional Affordance Learning for Driving in Urban Environmentscited by 70
- 2020Fighting Copycat Agents in Behavioral Cloning from Observation Historiescited by 70
- 2022Pyramid Grafting Network for One-Stage High Resolution Saliency Detectioncited by 63
- 2017Predicting Driver Attention in Critical Situationscited by 61
- 2019DADA-2000: Can Driving Accident be Predicted by Driver Attention? Analyzed by A Benchmarkcited by 57
- 2018Semi-parametric Image Synthesiscited by 50
- 2019Sensor Fusion for Joint 3D Object Detection and Semantic Segmentationcited by 48
- 2020Multi-View Fusion of Sensor Data for Improved Perception and Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 41
- 2019Monocular Plan View Networks for Autonomous Drivingcited by 37
- 2020Label Efficient Visual Abstractions for Autonomous Drivingcited by 33
- 2020MultiXNet: Multiclass Multistage Multimodal Motion Predictioncited by 31
50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2025A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 72
- 2025DIVER: Reinforced Diffusion Breaks Imitation Bottlenecks in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2026DriveFuture: Future-Aware Latent World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2025Fully Unified Motion Planning for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2026GraphWorld: Long-Horizon Planning with World Models for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
- 2024STDA: Spatio-Temporal Dual-Encoder Network Incorporating Driver Attention to Predict Driver Behaviors Under Safety-Critical Scenarioscited by 0
- 2026InterFuserDVS: Event-Enhanced Sensor Fusion for Safe RL-Based Decision Makingcited by 0
- 2026GraphWorld: Long-Horizon Planning with World Models for End-to-End Autonomous Driving15 Jun 2026
- 2026DriveFuture: Future-Aware Latent World Models for Autonomous Driving10 May 2026
- 2026InterFuserDVS: Event-Enhanced Sensor Fusion for Safe RL-Based Decision Making5 May 2026
- 2025DIVER: Reinforced Diffusion Breaks Imitation Bottlenecks in End-to-End Autonomous Driving5 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Driving30 Jun 2025
- 2025Fully Unified Motion Planning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving17 Apr 2025
- 2024STDA: Spatio-Temporal Dual-Encoder Network Incorporating Driver Attention to Predict Driver Behaviors Under Safety-Critical Scenarios3 Aug 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2025VLM-E2E: Enhancing End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Multimodal Driver Attention Fusion
- 2021OPV2V: An Open Benchmark Dataset and Fusion Pipeline for Perception with Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication
- 2023Cognitive TransFuser: Semantics-guided Transformer-based Sensor Fusion for Improved Waypoint Prediction