FoundPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with Foundation Features
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose FoundPose, a model-based method for 6D pose estimation of unseen objects from a single RGB image. The method can quickly onboard new objects using their 3D models without requiring any object- or task-specific training. In contrast, existing methods typically pre-train on large-scale, task-specific datasets in order to generalize to new objects and to bridge the image-to-model domain gap. We demonstrate that such generalization capabilities can be observed in a recent vision foundation model trained in a self-supervised manner. Specifically, our method estimates the object pose from image-to-model 2D-3D correspondences, which are established by matching patch descriptors from the recent DINOv2 model between the image and pre-rendered object templates. We find that reliable correspondences can be established by kNN matching of patch descriptors from an intermediate DINOv2 layer. Such descriptors carry stronger positional information than descriptors from the last layer, and we show their importance when semantic information is ambiguous due to object symmetries or a lack of texture. To avoid establishing correspondences against all object templates, we develop an efficient template retrieval approach that integrates the patch descriptors into the bag-of-words representation and can promptly propose a handful of similarly looking templates. Additionally, we apply featuremetric alignment to compensate for discrepancies in the 2D-3D correspondences caused by coarse patch sampling. The resulting method noticeably outperforms existing RGB methods for refinement-free pose estimation on the standard BOP benchmark with seven diverse datasets and can be seamlessly combined with an existing render-and-compare refinement method to achieve RGB-only state-of-the-art results. Project page: evinpinar.github.io/foundpose.
Key facts. Cited by 109 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 77 of its 120 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2023.
Builds on
77 of 120 references.
References · 77
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- 2021iBOT: Image BERT Pre-Training with Online Tokenizercited by 891
- 2023Vision Transformers Need Registerscited by 844
- 2017PoseCNN: A Convolutional Neural Network for 6D Object Pose Estimation in Cluttered Scenescited by 768
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 646
- 2018PVNet: Pixel-wise Voting Network for 6DoF Pose Estimationcited by 385
- 2021Deep ViT Features as Dense Visual Descriptorscited by 327
- 2023A Tale of Two Features: Stable Diffusion Complements DINO for Zero-Shot Semantic Correspondencecited by 297
- 2020CosyPose: Consistent multi-view multi-object 6D pose estimationcited by 287
- 2018DeepIM: Deep Iterative Matching for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 283
- 2018BOP: Benchmark for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 254
- 2017SSD-6D: Making RGB-based 3D detection and 6D pose estimation great againcited by 243
- 2017A General and Adaptive Robust Loss Functioncited by 236
- 2021Localizing Objects with Self-Supervised Transformers and no Labelscited by 227
- 2019Pix2Pose: Pixel-Wise Coordinate Regression of Objects for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 218
- 2017T-LESS: An RGB-D Dataset for 6D Pose Estimation of Texture-less Objectscited by 210
- 2017Real-Time Seamless Single Shot 6D Object Pose Predictioncited by 210
- 2021Back to the Feature: Learning Robust Camera Localization from Pixels to Posecited by 199
- 2022MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Comparecited by 198
- 2020BOP Challenge 2020 on 6D Object Localizationcited by 192
- 2019DPOD: 6D Pose Object Detector and Refinercited by 189
- 2019Implicit 3D Orientation Learning for 6D Object Detection from RGB Imagescited by 170
- 2022Self-Supervised Transformers for Unsupervised Object Discovery using Normalized Cutcited by 166
- 2022OnePose: One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 155
- 2022Deep Spectral Methods: A Surprisingly Strong Baseline for Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation and Localizationcited by 150
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2020EPOS: Estimating 6D Pose of Objects with Symmetriescited by 147
- 2023Matcher: Segment Anything with One Shot Using All-Purpose Feature Matchingcited by 142
- 2022Gen6D: Generalizable Model-Free 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation from RGB Imagescited by 120
- 2023SAM-6D: Segment Anything Model Meets Zero-Shot 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 115
- 2023OnePose++: Keypoint-Free One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 114
- 2023GigaPose: Fast and Robust Novel Object Pose Estimation via One Correspondencecited by 113
- 2019HomebrewedDB: RGB-D Dataset for 6D Pose Estimation of 3D Objectscited by 110
- 2020HybridPose: 6D Object Pose Estimation under Hybrid Representationscited by 107
- 2018Segmentation-driven 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 104
- 20176-DoF Object Pose from Semantic Keypointscited by 89
50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 22; 2025: 49; 2026: 37.
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- 2024HOT3D: Hand and Object Tracking in 3D from Egocentric Multi-View Videoscited by 122
- 2024DINOv2 Meets Text: A Unified Framework for Image- and Pixel-Level Vision-Language Alignmentcited by 79
- 2023FreeZe: Training-free zero-shot 6D pose estimation with geometric and vision foundation modelscited by 56
- 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objectscited by 47
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
- 2025Robotic Manipulation by Imitating Generated Videos Without Physical Demonstrationscited by 33
- 2024GigaHands: A Massive Annotated Dataset of Bimanual Hand Activitiescited by 32
- 2025ArtiScene: Language-Driven Artistic 3D Scene Generation Through Image Intermediarycited by 27
- 2024Autoregressive Action Sequence Learning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 26
- 2024Feat2GS: Probing Visual Foundation Models with Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
- 2025BOP Challenge 2024 on Model-Based and Model-Free 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 18
- 2025One2Any: One-Reference 6D Pose Estimation for Any Objectcited by 17
38 more
- 2025GCE-Pose: Global Context Enhancement for Category-level Object Pose Estimationcited by 16
- 20243D Part Segmentation via Geometric Aggregation of 2D Visual Featurescited by 15
- 2024GS-Pose: Generalizable Segmentation-based 6D Object Pose Estimation with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 14
- 2024Multiview Equivariance Improves 3D Correspondence Understanding with Minimal Feature Finetuningcited by 13
- 2025Co-op: Correspondence-based Novel Object Pose Estimationcited by 13
- 2025Accurate and efficient zero-shot 6D pose estimation with frozen foundation modelscited by 13
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Featurescited by 12
- 2024UNOPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with an Unposed RGB-D Reference Imagecited by 12
- 2025Scalable Unseen Objects 6-DoF Absolute Pose Estimation with Robotic Integrationcited by 11
- 2024Zero123-6D: Zero-shot Novel View Synthesis for RGB Category-level 6D Pose Estimationcited by 10
- 20246DOPE-GS: Online 6D Object Pose Estimation using Gaussian Splattingcited by 10
- 20256D Object Pose Tracking in Internet Videos for Robotic Manipulationcited by 10
- 2025GoTrack: Generic 6DoF Object Pose Refinement and Trackingcited by 10
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collectionscited by 10
- 2024SDFit: 3D Object Pose and Shape by Fitting a Morphable SDF to a Single Imagecited by 9
- 2025UA-Pose: Uncertainty-Aware 6D Object Pose Estimation and Online Object Completion with Partial Referencescited by 9
- 2025JOG3R: Towards 3D-Consistent Video Generatorscited by 8
- 2025PoseTraj: Pose-Aware Trajectory Control in Video Diffusioncited by 7
- 2024Manual-PA: Learning 3D Part Assembly from Instruction Diagramscited by 6
- 2025SupeRANSAC: One RANSAC to Rule Them Allcited by 6
- 2025RGBTrack: Fast, Robust Depth-Free 6D Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 6
- 2025GenHSI: Controllable Generation of Human-Scene Interaction Videoscited by 6
- 2025PicoPose: Progressive Pixel-to-Pixel Correspondence Learning for Novel Object Pose Estimationcited by 5
- 2025ConceptPose: Training-Free Zero-Shot Object Pose Estimation using Concept Vectorscited by 5
- 2025KV-Tracker: Real-Time Pose Tracking with Transformerscited by 5
- 2024Diffusion Features for Zero-Shot 6DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 4
- 2025HIPPo: Harnessing Image-to-3D Priors for Model-free Zero-shot 6D Pose Estimationcited by 4
- 2025Distilling 3D distinctive local descriptors for 6D pose estimationcited by 4
- 2025RayPose: Ray Bundling Diffusion for Template Views in Unseen 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 4
- 2026SHOW3D: Capturing Scenes of 3D Hands and Objects in the Wildcited by 4
- 2024Comparative Evaluation of 3D Reconstruction Methods for Object Pose Estimationcited by 3
- 2024BOP-Distrib: Revisiting 6D Pose Estimation Benchmarks for Better Evaluation under Visual Ambiguitiescited by 3
- 2025PhysPose: Refining 6D Object Poses with Physical Constraintscited by 3
- 2025Forecasting Continuous Non-Conservative Dynamical Systems in SO(3)cited by 3
- 2025Recovering Parametric Scenes from Very Few Time-of-Flight Pixelscited by 3
- 2026Text-Guided 6D Object Pose Rearrangement via Closed-Loop VLM Agentscited by 3
- 20243D Foundation Models Enable Simultaneous Geometry and Pose Estimation of Grasped Objectscited by 2
- 2025ZeroBP: Learning Position-Aware Correspondence for Zero-shot 6D Pose Estimation in Bin-Pickingcited by 2
50 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2026GRC-Pose: Generation-Reconstruction Correspondence for Prior-Free 6D Object Pose Tracking30 Sep 2026
- 2026LEGAU: Learning Semantic Gaussian Priors for Scalable Category-level Pose Estimation28 Sep 2026
- 2026CALIPER: Metric-Grounded Model-Free Recognition of Visually Similar Industrial Parts15 Sep 2026
- 2026Back to the Feature: Zero-Shot 6DoF Pose Estimation via Dense Local Features6 Sep 2026
- 2026IM-ENGINE: Image Editing for Embodied Data Generation5 Sep 2026
- 2026CLON: Cue-Calibrated Linguistic Object Onboarding for Zero-Shot 6D Pose Front-Ends4 Sep 2026
- 2026What Do Scan-Derived Class Prototypes Add? Disentangling Supervision, Prototype Content and Query Protocol in Recognition over Frozen Foundation Features3 Sep 2026
- 2026Foundational feature fusion for conditional flow matching in 6D pose estimation29 Aug 2026
- 2026SurgVIL: Scaling Surgical Robot Imitation Learning with Open-source Surgical Videos17 Aug 2026
- 2026TinyDETR-Pose: Towards End-to-End Real-Time Single-Stage 6DoF Object Pose Estimation with Lightweight Transformers15 Aug 2026
- 2026SOS! : A Streamlined Object-Conditional Transformer for Model-free Segmentation15 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning to Assemble Novel Structures with Unfamiliar Parts under Semantic Constraints13 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026RRTrack: Robust and Recoverable Object 6D Pose Tracking for Dynamic Scenes26 Jul 2026
- 2026Robust 6-DoF Object Pose Tracking with Built-In Recovery under Occlusions and Rapid Object Motions26 Jul 2026
- 2026PIXIE: A Zero-Shot texture-invariant 6D pose estimation framework for unseen objects with assembly defects17 Jul 2026
- 2026Emergence of a Shared Canonical Object Frame from In-the-Wild Videos29 Jun 2026
- 2026AutoDex: An Automated Real-World System for Dexterous Grasping Data Collection22 Jun 2026
- 2026Pose Anything Anywhere:Model-free Object Poses from Arbitrary References22 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Cross-View Semantic Priors for Single-Reference Unseen Object Pose Estimation20 Jun 2026
- 2026TALON: Token-Aligned Lightweight Adapters for 6-DoF Spacecraft Pose Estimation29 May 2026
- 2026SurfSurg6D: Geometry Consistent Dense Correspondence for Textureless Surgical Instrument Pose Estimation25 May 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026Semantic Prior Guided One-View 6D Pose Estimation for Novel Objects7 May 2026
- 2026Temporally Consistent Object 6D Pose Estimation for Robot Control4 May 2026
- 2026OmniFit: Multi-modal 3D Body Fitting via Scale-agnostic Dense Landmark Prediction23 Apr 2026
- 2026MAPRPose: Mask-Aware Proposal and Amodal Refinement for Multi-Object 6D Pose Estimation22 Apr 2026
- 2026HRDexDB: A 4D Dexterous Grasping Dataset Across Human and Multiple Robot Embodiments16 Apr 2026
- 2026Text-Guided 6D Object Pose Rearrangement via Closed-Loop VLM Agents10 Apr 2026
- 2026SHOW3D: Capturing Scenes of 3D Hands and Objects in the Wild30 Mar 2026
- 2026ELViS: Efficient Visual Similarity from Local Descriptors that Generalizes Across Domains30 Mar 2026
- 2026EgoXtreme: A Dataset for Robust Object Pose Estimation in Egocentric Views under Extreme Conditions26 Mar 2026
- 2026Object Pose Transformer: Unifying Unseen Object Pose Estimation24 Mar 2026
- 2026Spectral Probing of Feature Upsamplers in 2D-to-3D Scene Reconstruction6 Mar 2026
- 2026IndustryShapes: An RGB-D Benchmark dataset for 6D object pose estimation of industrial assembly components and tools5 Feb 2026
- 2026RFM-Pose:Reinforcement-Guided Flow Matching for Fast Category-Level 6D Pose Estimation5 Feb 2026
- 2026Finding NeMO: A Geometry-Aware Representation of Template Views for Few-Shot Perception4 Feb 2026
- 2026MixRI: Mixing Features of Reference Images for Novel Object Pose Estimation11 Jan 2026
- 2025KV-Tracker: Real-Time Pose Tracking with Transformers27 Dec 2025
- 2025AlignPose: Generalizable 6D Pose Estimation via Multi-view Feature-metric Alignment23 Dec 2025
- 2025Eff-GRot: Efficient and Generalizable Rotation Estimation with Transformers21 Dec 2025
- 2025PoseGAM: Robust Unseen Object Pose Estimation via Geometry-Aware Multi-View Reasoning11 Dec 2025
- 2025Geo6DPose: Fast Zero-Shot 6D Object Pose Estimation via Geometry-Filtered Feature Matching11 Dec 2025
- 2025ConceptPose: Training-Free Zero-Shot Object Pose Estimation using Concept Vectors9 Dec 2025
- 2025Reconstructing Objects along Hand Interaction Timelines in Egocentric Video8 Dec 2025
- 2025OPFormer: Object Pose Estimation leveraging foundation model with geometric encoding16 Nov 2025
- 2025Multi-modal Loop Closure Detection with Foundation Models in Severely Unstructured Environments7 Nov 2025
- 2025RayPose: Ray Bundling Diffusion for Template Views in Unseen 6D Object Pose Estimation21 Oct 2025
- 2025UP2You: Fast Reconstruction of Yourself from Unconstrained Photo Collections29 Sep 2025
- 2025SCOPE: Semantic Conditioning for Sim2Real Category-Level Object Pose Estimation in Robotics29 Sep 2025
- 2025Color-Pair Guided Robust Zero-Shot 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Cluttered Objects on Edge Devices28 Sep 2025
50 newest of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Featurescited by 12
- 2024Zero123-6D: Zero-shot Novel View Synthesis for RGB Category-level 6D Pose Estimationcited by 10
- 2025PoseTraj: Pose-Aware Trajectory Control in Video Diffusioncited by 7
- 2025GenHSI: Controllable Generation of Human-Scene Interaction Videoscited by 6
- 2025HIPPo: Harnessing Image-to-3D Priors for Model-free Zero-shot 6D Pose Estimationcited by 4
- 2026RFM-Pose:Reinforcement-Guided Flow Matching for Fast Category-Level 6D Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026Foundational feature fusion for conditional flow matching in 6D pose estimationcited by 0
- 2026Foundational feature fusion for conditional flow matching in 6D pose estimation29 Aug 2026
- 2026RFM-Pose:Reinforcement-Guided Flow Matching for Fast Category-Level 6D Pose Estimation5 Feb 2026
- 2025GenHSI: Controllable Generation of Human-Scene Interaction Videos24 Jun 2025
- 2025PoseTraj: Pose-Aware Trajectory Control in Video Diffusion20 Mar 2025
- 2025HIPPo: Harnessing Image-to-3D Priors for Model-free Zero-shot 6D Pose Estimation14 Feb 2025
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Features27 Mar 2024
- 2024Zero123-6D: Zero-shot Novel View Synthesis for RGB Category-level 6D Pose Estimation21 Mar 2024
- 2024HOT3D: Hand and Object Tracking in 3D from Egocentric Multi-View Videoscited by 122
- 2024DINOv2 Meets Text: A Unified Framework for Image- and Pixel-Level Vision-Language Alignmentcited by 79
- 2023FreeZe: Training-free zero-shot 6D pose estimation with geometric and vision foundation modelscited by 56
- 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objectscited by 47
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
- 2025Robotic Manipulation by Imitating Generated Videos Without Physical Demonstrationscited by 33
- 2024GigaHands: A Massive Annotated Dataset of Bimanual Hand Activitiescited by 32
- 2025ArtiScene: Language-Driven Artistic 3D Scene Generation Through Image Intermediarycited by 27
- 2024Autoregressive Action Sequence Learning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 26
- 2024Feat2GS: Probing Visual Foundation Models with Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
- 2025BOP Challenge 2024 on Model-Based and Model-Free 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 18
- 2025One2Any: One-Reference 6D Pose Estimation for Any Objectcited by 17
12 most cited of 100 All 100 (JSON)
- 2026GRC-Pose: Generation-Reconstruction Correspondence for Prior-Free 6D Object Pose Tracking30 Sep 2026
- 2026LEGAU: Learning Semantic Gaussian Priors for Scalable Category-level Pose Estimation28 Sep 2026
- 2026CALIPER: Metric-Grounded Model-Free Recognition of Visually Similar Industrial Parts15 Sep 2026
- 2026Back to the Feature: Zero-Shot 6DoF Pose Estimation via Dense Local Features6 Sep 2026
- 2026IM-ENGINE: Image Editing for Embodied Data Generation5 Sep 2026
- 2026CLON: Cue-Calibrated Linguistic Object Onboarding for Zero-Shot 6D Pose Front-Ends4 Sep 2026
- 2026What Do Scan-Derived Class Prototypes Add? Disentangling Supervision, Prototype Content and Query Protocol in Recognition over Frozen Foundation Features3 Sep 2026
- 2026TinyDETR-Pose: Towards End-to-End Real-Time Single-Stage 6DoF Object Pose Estimation with Lightweight Transformers15 Aug 2026
- 2026SOS! : A Streamlined Object-Conditional Transformer for Model-free Segmentation15 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning to Assemble Novel Structures with Unfamiliar Parts under Semantic Constraints13 Aug 2026
- 2026RRTrack: Robust and Recoverable Object 6D Pose Tracking for Dynamic Scenes26 Jul 2026
- 2026Robust 6-DoF Object Pose Tracking with Built-In Recovery under Occlusions and Rapid Object Motions26 Jul 2026
12 newest of 100 All 100 (JSON)