Pix2Pose: Pixel-Wise Coordinate Regression of Objects for 6D Pose Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Estimating the 6D pose of objects using only RGB images remains challenging because of problems such as occlusion and symmetries. It is also difficult to construct 3D models with precise texture without expert knowledge or specialized scanning devices. To address these problems, we propose a novel pose estimation method, Pix2Pose, that predicts the 3D coordinates of each object pixel without textured models. An auto-encoder architecture is designed to estimate the 3D coordinates and expected errors per pixel. These pixel-wise predictions are then used in multiple stages to form 2D-3D correspondences to directly compute poses with the PnP algorithm with RANSAC iterations. Our method is robust to occlusion by leveraging recent achievements in generative adversarial training to precisely recover occluded parts. Furthermore, a novel loss function, the transformer loss, is proposed to handle symmetric objects by guiding predictions to the closest symmetric pose. Evaluations on three different benchmark datasets containing symmetric and occluded objects show our method outperforms the state of the art using only RGB images.
Key facts. Cited by 218 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 35; 2022: 58; 2023: 45; 2024: 37; 2025: 33; 2026: 10.
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- 2023FoundationPose: Unified 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Novel Objectscited by 429
- 2021DexYCB: A Benchmark for Capturing Hand Grasping of Objectscited by 325
- 2022MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Comparecited by 201
- 2022OnePose: One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 157
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2021FFB6D: A Full Flow Bidirectional Fusion Network for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 144
- 2021Keypoint Transformer: Solving Joint Identification in Challenging Hands and Object Interactions for Accurate 3D Pose Estimationcited by 123
- 2022ZebraPose: Coarse to Fine Surface Encoding for 6DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 116
- 2023OnePose++: Keypoint-Free One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 115
- 2023GigaPose: Fast and Robust Novel Object Pose Estimation via One Correspondencecited by 114
- 2023FoundPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with Foundation Featurescited by 109
- 2021SurfEmb: Dense and Continuous Correspondence Distributions for Object Pose Estimation with Learnt Surface Embeddingscited by 95
38 more
- 2022GPV-Pose: Category-level Object Pose Estimation via Geometry-guided Point-wise Votingcited by 94
- 2021SO-Pose: Exploiting Self-Occlusion for Direct 6D Pose Estimationcited by 88
- 2021BundleTrack: 6D Pose Tracking for Novel Objects without Instance or Category-Level 3D Modelscited by 87
- 2021MonoRUn: Monocular 3D Object Detection by Reconstruction and Uncertainty Propagationcited by 82
- 2022OSOP: A Multi-Stage One Shot Object Pose Estimation Frameworkcited by 81
- 2023EPro-PnP: Generalized End-to-End Probabilistic Perspective-n-Points for Monocular Object Pose Estimationcited by 79
- 2022Full-Body Articulated Human-Object Interactioncited by 78
- 2022ShAPO: Implicit Representations for Multi-Object Shape, Appearance, and Pose Optimizationcited by 72
- 2023BOP Challenge 2022 on Detection, Segmentation and Pose Estimation of Specific Rigid Objectscited by 70
- 2024BOP Challenge 2023 on Detection, Segmentation and Pose Estimation of Seen and Unseen Rigid Objectscited by 60
- 2022NeRF-Pose: A First-Reconstruct-Then-Regress Approach for Weakly-supervised 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 58
- 2022Templates for 3D Object Pose Estimation Revisited: Generalization to New Objects and Robustness to Occlusionscited by 54
- 2021SAR-Net: Shape Alignment and Recovery Network for Category-level 6D Object Pose and Size Estimationcited by 53
- 2023HS-Pose: Hybrid Scope Feature Extraction for Category-level Object Pose Estimationcited by 49
- 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objectscited by 49
- 2022Coupled Iterative Refinement for 6D Multi-Object Pose Estimationcited by 48
- 2023ZS6D: Zero-shot 6D Object Pose Estimation using Vision Transformerscited by 45
- 2022RBP-Pose: Residual Bounding Box Projection for Category-Level Pose Estimationcited by 43
- 2021Category-Level Metric Scale Object Shape and Pose Estimationcited by 41
- 2022SSP-Pose: Symmetry-Aware Shape Prior Deformation for Direct Category-Level Object Pose Estimationcited by 41
- 2021StereOBJ-1M: Large-scale Stereo Image Dataset for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 40
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 40
- 2022RNNPose: Recurrent 6-DoF Object Pose Refinement with Robust Correspondence Field Estimation and Pose Optimizationcited by 38
- 2025Robotic Manipulation by Imitating Generated Videos Without Physical Demonstrationscited by 38
- 2022Occlusion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 34
- 2021Single-view robot pose and joint angle estimation via render & comparecited by 33
- 2023Object Pose Estimation with Statistical Guarantees: Conformal Keypoint Detection and Geometric Uncertainty Propagationcited by 33
- 2023SE(3) Diffusion Model-based Point Cloud Registration for Robust 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 33
- 2022Perspective Flow Aggregation for Data-Limited 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2022DPODv2: Dense Correspondence-Based 6 DoF Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2023TTA-COPE: Test-Time Adaptation for Category-Level Object Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2021Deep Learning on Monocular Object Pose Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Overviewcited by 31
- 2023A Survey on Deep Learning-Based Monocular Spacecraft Pose Estimation: Current State, Limitations and Prospectscited by 30
- 2021ZePHyR: Zero-shot Pose Hypothesis Ratingcited by 26
- 2021Vote from the Center: 6 DoF Pose Estimation in RGB-D Images by Radial Keypoint Votingcited by 25
- 2021UDA-COPE: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Category-level Object Pose Estimationcited by 25
- 2024DiffusionNOCS: Managing Symmetry and Uncertainty in Sim2Real Multi-Modal Category-level Pose Estimationcited by 25
- 20236D-Diff: A Keypoint Diffusion Framework for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 24
50 most cited of 218 All 218 (JSON)
- 2026Foundational feature fusion for conditional flow matching in 6D pose estimation29 Aug 2026
- 2026TinyDETR-Pose: Towards End-to-End Real-Time Single-Stage 6DoF Object Pose Estimation with Lightweight Transformers15 Aug 2026
- 2026GAP-GDRNet: Geometry-aware monocular 6D pose estimation for spacecraft using synthetic geometric supervision2 Jul 2026
- 2026TALON: Token-Aligned Lightweight Adapters for 6-DoF Spacecraft Pose Estimation29 May 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026Demo-Pose: Depth-Monocular Modality Fusion For Object Pose Estimation29 Mar 2026
- 2026Cov2Pose: Leveraging Spatial Covariance for Direct Manifold-aware 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation20 Mar 2026
- 2026Generative 6D Pose Estimation via Conditional Flow Matching23 Feb 2026
- 2026Attachment Anchors: A Novel Framework for Laparoscopic Grasping Point Prediction in Colorectal Surgery19 Feb 2026
- 2026IndustryShapes: An RGB-D Benchmark dataset for 6D object pose estimation of industrial assembly components and tools5 Feb 2026
- 2025AnyBox: Efficient Zero-Shot 9DoF Pose Estimation of Boxes for Robotic Manipulation19 Nov 2025
- 2025OPFormer: Object Pose Estimation leveraging foundation model with geometric encoding16 Nov 2025
38 more
- 2025STORM: Segment, Track, and Object Re-Localization from a Single Image12 Nov 2025
- 2025Monocular Visual 8D Pose Estimation for Articulated Bicycles and Cyclists23 Oct 2025
- 2025HccePose(BF): Predicting Front & Back Surfaces to Construct Ultra-Dense 2D-3D Correspondences for Pose Estimation11 Oct 2025
- 2025Recovering Parametric Scenes from Very Few Time-of-Flight Pixels19 Sep 2025
- 2025UnPose: Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Priors for Zero-Shot Pose Estimation21 Aug 2025
- 2025CHARM3R: Towards Unseen Camera Height Robust Monocular 3D Detector15 Aug 2025
- 2025MVTOP: Multi-View Transformer-based Object Pose-Estimation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Parallel Sampling of Diffusion Models on SO(3)14 Jul 2025
- 2025Robotic Manipulation by Imitating Generated Videos Without Physical Demonstrations1 Jul 2025
- 2025Consensus-Driven Uncertainty for Robotic Grasping based on RGB Perception24 Jun 2025
- 2025RAG-6DPose: Retrieval-Augmented 6D Pose Estimation via Leveraging CAD as Knowledge Base23 Jun 2025
- 2025UA-Pose: Uncertainty-Aware 6D Object Pose Estimation and Online Object Completion with Partial References9 Jun 2025
- 2025GoTrack: Generic 6DoF Object Pose Refinement and Tracking8 Jun 2025
- 2025Generating 6DoF Object Manipulation Trajectories from Action Description in Egocentric Vision4 Jun 2025
- 2025SurgPose: Generalisable Surgical Instrument Pose Estimation using Zero-Shot Learning and Stereo Vision16 May 2025
- 2025RefPose: Leveraging Reference Geometric Correspondences for Accurate 6D Pose Estimation of Unseen Objects16 May 2025
- 2025One2Any: One-Reference 6D Pose Estimation for Any Object7 May 2025
- 2025Corr2Distrib: Making Ambiguous Correspondences an Ally to Predict Reliable 6D Pose Distributions5 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Robotic Navigation and Manipulation with Physics Simulators in the Era of Embodied AI1 May 2025
- 2025Instance-Adaptive Keypoint Learning with Local-to-Global Geometric Aggregation for Category-Level Object Pose Estimation21 Apr 2025
- 2025BoxDreamer: Dreaming Box Corners for Generalizable Object Pose Estimation10 Apr 2025
- 2025DLTPose: 6DoF Pose Estimation From Accurate Dense Surface Point Estimates9 Apr 2025
- 2025PhysPose: Refining 6D Object Poses with Physical Constraints30 Mar 2025
- 2025Any6D: Model-free 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects24 Mar 2025
- 2025Co-op: Correspondence-based Novel Object Pose Estimation22 Mar 2025
- 2025GIVEPose: Gradual Intra-class Variation Elimination for RGB-based Category-Level Object Pose Estimation19 Mar 2025
- 2025Foundation Feature-Driven Online End-Effector Pose Estimation: A Marker-Free and Learning-Free Approach18 Mar 2025
- 2025Multi-Modal 3D Mesh Reconstruction from Images and Text10 Mar 2025
- 2025Active 6D Pose Estimation for Textureless Objects using Multi-View RGB Frames5 Mar 2025
- 2025V-HOP: Visuo-Haptic 6D Object Pose Tracking24 Feb 2025
- 2025Glissando-Net: Deep sinGLe vIew category level poSe eStimation ANd 3D recOnstruction24 Jan 2025
- 2024Level-Set Parameters: Novel Representation for 3D Shape Analysis18 Dec 2024
- 2024Targeted Hard Sample Synthesis Based on Estimated Pose and Occlusion Error for Improved Object Pose Estimation5 Dec 2024
- 2024Lost & Found: Tracking Changes from Egocentric Observations in 3D Dynamic Scene Graphs28 Nov 2024
- 2024Diffusion Features for Zero-Shot 6DoF Object Pose Estimation25 Nov 2024
- 2024Activating Self-Attention for Multi-Scene Absolute Pose Regression3 Nov 2024
- 2024Gradient Distance Function29 Oct 2024
- 2024Object Pose Estimation Using Implicit Representation For Transparent Objects17 Oct 2024
50 newest of 218 All 218 (JSON)
- 2023SE(3) Diffusion Model-based Point Cloud Registration for Robust 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 33
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Featurescited by 12
- 2024Improving 2D-3D Dense Correspondences with Diffusion Models for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2025UnPose: Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Priors for Zero-Shot Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2025Parallel Sampling of Diffusion Models on SO(3)cited by 1
- 2026Generative 6D Pose Estimation via Conditional Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2026Foundational feature fusion for conditional flow matching in 6D pose estimationcited by 0
- 2026Foundational feature fusion for conditional flow matching in 6D pose estimation29 Aug 2026
- 2026Generative 6D Pose Estimation via Conditional Flow Matching23 Feb 2026
- 2025UnPose: Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Priors for Zero-Shot Pose Estimation21 Aug 2025
- 2025Parallel Sampling of Diffusion Models on SO(3)14 Jul 2025
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Features27 Mar 2024
- 2024Improving 2D-3D Dense Correspondences with Diffusion Models for 6D Object Pose Estimation9 Feb 2024
- 2023SE(3) Diffusion Model-based Point Cloud Registration for Robust 6D Object Pose Estimation26 Oct 2023
- 2023FoundationPose: Unified 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking of Novel Objectscited by 429
- 2021DexYCB: A Benchmark for Capturing Hand Grasping of Objectscited by 325
- 2022MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Comparecited by 201
- 2022OnePose: One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 157
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2021FFB6D: A Full Flow Bidirectional Fusion Network for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 144
- 2021Keypoint Transformer: Solving Joint Identification in Challenging Hands and Object Interactions for Accurate 3D Pose Estimationcited by 123
- 2022ZebraPose: Coarse to Fine Surface Encoding for 6DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 116
- 2023OnePose++: Keypoint-Free One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 115
- 2023GigaPose: Fast and Robust Novel Object Pose Estimation via One Correspondencecited by 114
- 2023FoundPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with Foundation Featurescited by 109
- 2021SurfEmb: Dense and Continuous Correspondence Distributions for Object Pose Estimation with Learnt Surface Embeddingscited by 95
12 most cited of 209 All 209 (JSON)
- 2026TinyDETR-Pose: Towards End-to-End Real-Time Single-Stage 6DoF Object Pose Estimation with Lightweight Transformers15 Aug 2026
- 2026GAP-GDRNet: Geometry-aware monocular 6D pose estimation for spacecraft using synthetic geometric supervision2 Jul 2026
- 2026TALON: Token-Aligned Lightweight Adapters for 6-DoF Spacecraft Pose Estimation29 May 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026Demo-Pose: Depth-Monocular Modality Fusion For Object Pose Estimation29 Mar 2026
- 2026Cov2Pose: Leveraging Spatial Covariance for Direct Manifold-aware 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation20 Mar 2026
- 2026Attachment Anchors: A Novel Framework for Laparoscopic Grasping Point Prediction in Colorectal Surgery19 Feb 2026
- 2026IndustryShapes: An RGB-D Benchmark dataset for 6D object pose estimation of industrial assembly components and tools5 Feb 2026
- 2025AnyBox: Efficient Zero-Shot 9DoF Pose Estimation of Boxes for Robotic Manipulation19 Nov 2025
- 2025OPFormer: Object Pose Estimation leveraging foundation model with geometric encoding16 Nov 2025
- 2025STORM: Segment, Track, and Object Re-Localization from a Single Image12 Nov 2025
- 2025Monocular Visual 8D Pose Estimation for Articulated Bicycles and Cyclists23 Oct 2025
12 newest of 209 All 209 (JSON)