DPOD: 6D Pose Object Detector and Refiner
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper we present a novel deep learning method for 3D object detection and 6D pose estimation from RGB images. Our method, named DPOD (Dense Pose Object Detector), estimates dense multi-class 2D-3D correspondence maps between an input image and available 3D models. Given the correspondences, a 6DoF pose is computed via PnP and RANSAC. An additional RGB pose refinement of the initial pose estimates is performed using a custom deep learning-based refinement scheme. Our results and comparison to a vast number of related works demonstrate that a large number of correspondences is beneficial for obtaining high-quality 6D poses both before and after refinement. Unlike other methods that mainly use real data for training and do not train on synthetic renderings, we perform evaluation on both synthetic and real training data demonstrating superior results before and after refinement when compared to all recent detectors. While being precise, the presented approach is still real-time capable.
Key facts. Cited by 189 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 39; 2022: 58; 2023: 40; 2024: 24; 2025: 19; 2026: 9.
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- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2022MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Comparecited by 198
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2021FFB6D: A Full Flow Bidirectional Fusion Network for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 144
- 2021FS-Net: Fast Shape-based Network for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation with Decoupled Rotation Mechanismcited by 121
- 2022Gen6D: Generalizable Model-Free 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation from RGB Imagescited by 120
- 2022ZebraPose: Coarse to Fine Surface Encoding for 6DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 115
- 2023OnePose++: Keypoint-Free One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 114
- 2023GigaPose: Fast and Robust Novel Object Pose Estimation via One Correspondencecited by 113
- 2023FoundPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with Foundation Featurescited by 109
- 20226-DoF Pose Estimation of Household Objects for Robotic Manipulation: An Accessible Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 85
- 2021MonoRUn: Monocular 3D Object Detection by Reconstruction and Uncertainty Propagationcited by 82
38 more
- 2022OSOP: A Multi-Stage One Shot Object Pose Estimation Frameworkcited by 81
- 2023EPro-PnP: Generalized End-to-End Probabilistic Perspective-n-Points for Monocular Object Pose Estimationcited by 79
- 2023BOP Challenge 2022 on Detection, Segmentation and Pose Estimation of Specific Rigid Objectscited by 70
- 2021RePOSE: Fast 6D Object Pose Refinement via Deep Texture Renderingcited by 63
- 2023MFT: Long-Term Tracking of Every Pixelcited by 61
- 2024BOP Challenge 2023 on Detection, Segmentation and Pose Estimation of Seen and Unseen Rigid Objectscited by 60
- 2022Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation in the Wild: A Semi-Supervised Learning Approach and A New Datasetcited by 59
- 2022NeRF-Pose: A First-Reconstruct-Then-Regress Approach for Weakly-supervised 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 57
- 2022Templates for 3D Object Pose Estimation Revisited: Generalization to New Objects and Robustness to Occlusionscited by 54
- 2021SAR-Net: Shape Alignment and Recovery Network for Category-level 6D Object Pose and Size Estimationcited by 53
- 2023SecondPose: SE(3)-Consistent Dual-Stream Feature Fusion for Category-Level Pose Estimationcited by 52
- 2023HS-Pose: Hybrid Scope Feature Extraction for Category-level Object Pose Estimationcited by 47
- 2021Wide-Depth-Range 6D Object Pose Estimation in Spacecited by 45
- 2022PhoCaL: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Category-Level Object Pose Estimation with Photometrically Challenging Objectscited by 45
- 2023ZS6D: Zero-shot 6D Object Pose Estimation using Vision Transformerscited by 45
- 2022OVE6D: Object Viewpoint Encoding for Depth-based 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 43
- 2021NeMo: Neural Mesh Models of Contrastive Features for Robust 3D Pose Estimationcited by 41
- 2021GarmentNets: Category-Level Pose Estimation for Garments via Canonical Space Shape Completioncited by 41
- 2021Category-Level Metric Scale Object Shape and Pose Estimationcited by 40
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 39
- 2022RNNPose: Recurrent 6-DoF Object Pose Refinement with Robust Correspondence Field Estimation and Pose Optimizationcited by 38
- 2023NOPE: Novel Object Pose Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 38
- 2022Occlusion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 34
- 2021Single-view robot pose and joint angle estimation via render & comparecited by 33
- 2023Object Pose Estimation with Statistical Guarantees: Conformal Keypoint Detection and Geometric Uncertainty Propagationcited by 33
- 2022Perspective Flow Aggregation for Data-Limited 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2022DPODv2: Dense Correspondence-Based 6 DoF Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2023SE(3) Diffusion Model-based Point Cloud Registration for Robust 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2021Deep Learning on Monocular Object Pose Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Overviewcited by 31
- 2023POPE: 6-DoF Promptable Pose Estimation of Any Object, in Any Scene, with One Referencecited by 30
- 2022Object Level Depth Reconstruction for Category Level 6D Object Pose Estimation From Monocular RGB Imagecited by 29
- 2024MatchU: Matching Unseen Objects for 6D Pose Estimation from RGB-D Imagescited by 28
- 2021Self-supervised Geometric Perceptioncited by 26
- 2021Vote from the Center: 6 DoF Pose Estimation in RGB-D Images by Radial Keypoint Votingcited by 25
- 20236D-Diff: A Keypoint Diffusion Framework for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 24
- 2021ReAgent: Point Cloud Registration using Imitation and Reinforcement Learningcited by 23
- 2022TexPose: Neural Texture Learning for Self-Supervised 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 23
- 2022Uni6D: A Unified CNN Framework without Projection Breakdown for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 22
50 most cited of 189 All 189 (JSON)
- 2026TinyDETR-Pose: Towards End-to-End Real-Time Single-Stage 6DoF Object Pose Estimation with Lightweight Transformers15 Aug 2026
- 2026PIXIE: A Zero-Shot texture-invariant 6D pose estimation framework for unseen objects with assembly defects17 Jul 2026
- 2026GAP-GDRNet: Geometry-aware monocular 6D pose estimation for spacecraft using synthetic geometric supervision2 Jul 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026MAPRPose: Mask-Aware Proposal and Amodal Refinement for Multi-Object 6D Pose Estimation22 Apr 2026
- 2026Event6D: Event-based Novel Object 6D Pose Tracking30 Mar 2026
- 2026Cov2Pose: Leveraging Spatial Covariance for Direct Manifold-aware 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation20 Mar 2026
- 2026RFM-Pose:Reinforcement-Guided Flow Matching for Fast Category-Level 6D Pose Estimation5 Feb 2026
- 2026MixRI: Mixing Features of Reference Images for Novel Object Pose Estimation11 Jan 2026
- 2025CC-FMO: Camera-Conditioned Zero-Shot Single Image to 3D Scene Generation with Foundation Model Orchestration29 Nov 2025
- 2025OPFormer: Object Pose Estimation leveraging foundation model with geometric encoding16 Nov 2025
- 2025HccePose(BF): Predicting Front & Back Surfaces to Construct Ultra-Dense 2D-3D Correspondences for Pose Estimation11 Oct 2025
38 more
- 2025OmniShape: Zero-Shot Multi-Hypothesis Shape and Pose Estimation in the Real World5 Aug 2025
- 2025MVTOP: Multi-View Transformer-based Object Pose-Estimation5 Aug 2025
- 2025Unified Category-Level Object Detection and Pose Estimation from RGB Images using 3D Prototypes4 Aug 2025
- 2025RGBTrack: Fast, Robust Depth-Free 6D Pose Estimation and Tracking20 Jun 2025
- 2025GoTrack: Generic 6DoF Object Pose Refinement and Tracking8 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Hand-Instrument Interaction in Ophthalmic Surgery23 May 2025
- 2025SurgPose: Generalisable Surgical Instrument Pose Estimation using Zero-Shot Learning and Stereo Vision16 May 2025
- 2025RefPose: Leveraging Reference Geometric Correspondences for Accurate 6D Pose Estimation of Unseen Objects16 May 2025
- 2025Corr2Distrib: Making Ambiguous Correspondences an Ally to Predict Reliable 6D Pose Distributions5 May 2025
- 2025SCFlow2: Plug-and-Play Object Pose Refiner with Shape-Constraint Scene Flow12 Apr 2025
- 2025BoxDreamer: Dreaming Box Corners for Generalizable Object Pose Estimation10 Apr 2025
- 2025DLTPose: 6DoF Pose Estimation From Accurate Dense Surface Point Estimates9 Apr 2025
- 2025PhysPose: Refining 6D Object Poses with Physical Constraints30 Mar 2025
- 2025Structure-Aware Correspondence Learning for Relative Pose Estimation24 Mar 2025
- 2025Active 6D Pose Estimation for Textureless Objects using Multi-View RGB Frames5 Mar 2025
- 2025GCE-Pose: Global Context Enhancement for Category-level Object Pose Estimation6 Feb 2025
- 2024SEMPose: A Single End-to-end Network for Multi-object Pose Estimation21 Nov 2024
- 2024Object Pose Estimation Using Implicit Representation For Transparent Objects17 Oct 2024
- 2024CVAM-Pose: Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Multi-Object Monocular Pose Estimation11 Oct 2024
- 2024RayEmb: Arbitrary Landmark Detection in X-Ray Images Using Ray Embedding Subspace10 Oct 2024
- 2024SABER-6D: Shape Representation Based Implicit Object Pose Estimation11 Aug 2024
- 2024NeuSurfEmb: A Complete Pipeline for Dense Correspondence-based 6D Object Pose Estimation without CAD Models16 Jul 2024
- 2024Monocular pose estimation of articulated open surgery tools -- in the wild16 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Human-Level 3D Relative Pose Estimation: Generalizable, Training-Free, with Single Reference26 Jun 2024
- 2024NeRF-Feat: 6D Object Pose Estimation using Feature Rendering19 Jun 2024
- 2024FastPoseCNN: Real-Time Monocular Category-Level Pose and Size Estimation Framework16 Jun 2024
- 2024Sparse Color-Code Net: Real-Time RGB-Based 6D Object Pose Estimation on Edge Devices5 Jun 2024
- 2024Resolving Symmetry Ambiguity in Correspondence-based Methods for Instance-level Object Pose Estimation17 May 2024
- 2024RDPN6D: Residual-based Dense Point-wise Network for 6Dof Object Pose Estimation Based on RGB-D Images14 May 2024
- 2024Deep Learning-Based Object Pose Estimation: A Comprehensive Survey13 May 2024
- 2024Chameleon: A Data-Efficient Generalist for Dense Visual Prediction in the Wild29 Apr 2024
- 2024GeoReF: Geometric Alignment Across Shape Variation for Category-level Object Pose Refinement17 Apr 2024
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Features27 Mar 2024
- 2024SUP-NeRF: A Streamlined Unification of Pose Estimation and NeRF for Monocular 3D Object Reconstruction23 Mar 2024
- 2024VAPO: Visibility-Aware Keypoint Localization for Efficient 6DoF Object Pose Estimation21 Mar 2024
- 2024BOP Challenge 2023 on Detection, Segmentation and Pose Estimation of Seen and Unseen Rigid Objects14 Mar 2024
- 2024MatchU: Matching Unseen Objects for 6D Pose Estimation from RGB-D Images3 Mar 2024
- 2024Improving 2D-3D Dense Correspondences with Diffusion Models for 6D Object Pose Estimation9 Feb 2024
50 newest of 189 All 189 (JSON)
- 2023SE(3) Diffusion Model-based Point Cloud Registration for Robust 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 32
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Featurescited by 12
- 2024Improving 2D-3D Dense Correspondences with Diffusion Models for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2026RFM-Pose:Reinforcement-Guided Flow Matching for Fast Category-Level 6D Pose Estimationcited by 0
- 2026RFM-Pose:Reinforcement-Guided Flow Matching for Fast Category-Level 6D Pose Estimation5 Feb 2026
- 2024Object Pose Estimation via the Aggregation of Diffusion Features27 Mar 2024
- 2024Improving 2D-3D Dense Correspondences with Diffusion Models for 6D Object Pose Estimation9 Feb 2024
- 2023SE(3) Diffusion Model-based Point Cloud Registration for Robust 6D Object Pose Estimation26 Oct 2023
- 2022ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 306
- 2022MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Comparecited by 198
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2021FFB6D: A Full Flow Bidirectional Fusion Network for 6D Pose Estimationcited by 144
- 2021FS-Net: Fast Shape-based Network for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation with Decoupled Rotation Mechanismcited by 121
- 2022Gen6D: Generalizable Model-Free 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation from RGB Imagescited by 120
- 2022ZebraPose: Coarse to Fine Surface Encoding for 6DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 115
- 2023OnePose++: Keypoint-Free One-Shot Object Pose Estimation without CAD Modelscited by 114
- 2023GigaPose: Fast and Robust Novel Object Pose Estimation via One Correspondencecited by 113
- 2023FoundPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with Foundation Featurescited by 109
- 20226-DoF Pose Estimation of Household Objects for Robotic Manipulation: An Accessible Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 85
- 2021MonoRUn: Monocular 3D Object Detection by Reconstruction and Uncertainty Propagationcited by 82
12 most cited of 185 All 185 (JSON)
- 2026TinyDETR-Pose: Towards End-to-End Real-Time Single-Stage 6DoF Object Pose Estimation with Lightweight Transformers15 Aug 2026
- 2026PIXIE: A Zero-Shot texture-invariant 6D pose estimation framework for unseen objects with assembly defects17 Jul 2026
- 2026GAP-GDRNet: Geometry-aware monocular 6D pose estimation for spacecraft using synthetic geometric supervision2 Jul 2026
- 2026ComPose: When to Trust Hands for Object Pose Tracking22 May 2026
- 2026MAPRPose: Mask-Aware Proposal and Amodal Refinement for Multi-Object 6D Pose Estimation22 Apr 2026
- 2026Event6D: Event-based Novel Object 6D Pose Tracking30 Mar 2026
- 2026Cov2Pose: Leveraging Spatial Covariance for Direct Manifold-aware 6-DoF Object Pose Estimation20 Mar 2026
- 2026MixRI: Mixing Features of Reference Images for Novel Object Pose Estimation11 Jan 2026
- 2025CC-FMO: Camera-Conditioned Zero-Shot Single Image to 3D Scene Generation with Foundation Model Orchestration29 Nov 2025
- 2025OPFormer: Object Pose Estimation leveraging foundation model with geometric encoding16 Nov 2025
- 2025HccePose(BF): Predicting Front & Back Surfaces to Construct Ultra-Dense 2D-3D Correspondences for Pose Estimation11 Oct 2025
- 2025OmniShape: Zero-Shot Multi-Hypothesis Shape and Pose Estimation in the Real World5 Aug 2025
12 newest of 185 All 185 (JSON)