How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advancements in Deep Learning-based Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) have led to models with remarkable performance on both modern and historical manuscripts in large benchmark datasets. Nonetheless, those models struggle to obtain the same performance when applied to manuscripts with peculiar characteristics, such as language, paper support, ink, and author handwriting. This issue is very relevant for valuable but small collections of documents preserved in historical archives, for which obtaining sufficient annotated training data is costly or, in some cases, unfeasible. To overcome this challenge, a possible solution is to pretrain HTR models on large datasets and then fine-tune them on small single-author collections. In this paper, we take into account large, real benchmark datasets and synthetic ones obtained with a styled Handwritten Text Generation model. Through extensive experimental analysis, also considering the amount of fine-tuning lines, we give a quantitative indication of the most relevant characteristics of such data for obtaining an HTR model able to effectively transcribe manuscripts in small collections with as little as five real fine-tuning lines.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 May 2023.
Builds on
30 of 58 references.
References · 30
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18 more
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
13 papers.
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- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2024On the Generalization of Handwritten Text Recognition Modelscited by 10
- 2024Binarizing Documents by Leveraging both Space and Frequencycited by 3
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2023Volumetric Fast Fourier Convolution for Detecting Ink on the Carbonized Herculaneum Papyricited by 2
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
- 2025Practical Fine-Tuning of Autoregressive Models on Limited Handwritten Textscited by 1
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2026When Low CER is Not Enough: An Analysis of Hallucinations in Vision-Language OCR Systems on Historical Uruguayan Documentscited by 1
- 2026N-gram Injection into Transformers for Dynamic Language Model Adaptation in Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogiescited by 0
- 2026Measuring Annotation Efficiency for Handwritten Devanagari Recognition: Sample-Complexity Curves for Four Pretraining Regimes15 Sep 2026
- 2026When Low CER is Not Enough: An Analysis of Hallucinations in Vision-Language OCR Systems on Historical Uruguayan Documents27 Jul 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogies8 Apr 2026
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learning31 Mar 2026
- 2026N-gram Injection into Transformers for Dynamic Language Model Adaptation in Handwritten Text Recognition4 Mar 2026
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Practical Fine-Tuning of Autoregressive Models on Limited Handwritten Texts25 Mar 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
- 2024On the Generalization of Handwritten Text Recognition Models26 Nov 2024
- 2024Binarizing Documents by Leveraging both Space and Frequency26 Apr 2024
- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generation31 Oct 2023
- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generationcited by 19
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressivecited by 13
- 2024On the Generalization of Handwritten Text Recognition Modelscited by 10
- 2024Binarizing Documents by Leveraging both Space and Frequencycited by 3
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliablecited by 3
- 2023Volumetric Fast Fourier Convolution for Detecting Ink on the Carbonized Herculaneum Papyricited by 2
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
- 2025Practical Fine-Tuning of Autoregressive Models on Limited Handwritten Textscited by 1
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learningcited by 1
- 2026When Low CER is Not Enough: An Analysis of Hallucinations in Vision-Language OCR Systems on Historical Uruguayan Documentscited by 1
- 2026N-gram Injection into Transformers for Dynamic Language Model Adaptation in Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogiescited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Measuring Annotation Efficiency for Handwritten Devanagari Recognition: Sample-Complexity Curves for Four Pretraining Regimes15 Sep 2026
- 2026When Low CER is Not Enough: An Analysis of Hallucinations in Vision-Language OCR Systems on Historical Uruguayan Documents27 Jul 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Text Recognition via Task Analogies8 Apr 2026
- 2026Few-shot Writer Adaptation via Multimodal In-Context Learning31 Mar 2026
- 2026N-gram Injection into Transformers for Dynamic Language Model Adaptation in Handwritten Text Recognition4 Mar 2026
- 2025Autoregressive Styled Text Image Generation, but Make it Reliable27 Oct 2025
- 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?13 Aug 2025
- 2025Practical Fine-Tuning of Autoregressive Models on Limited Handwritten Texts25 Mar 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Styled Text Image Generation, but Make It Autoregressive21 Mar 2025
- 2024On the Generalization of Handwritten Text Recognition Models26 Nov 2024
- 2024Binarizing Documents by Leveraging both Space and Frequency26 Apr 2024
- 2023HWD: A Novel Evaluation Score for Styled Handwritten Text Generation31 Oct 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)