mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Scan, Attend and Read: End-to-End Handwritten Paragraph Recognition with MDLSTM Attention

arXiv 1604.03286 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2016cs.CVcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present an attention-based model for end-to-end handwriting recognition. Our system does not require any segmentation of the input paragraph. The model is inspired by the differentiable attention models presented recently for speech recognition, image captioning or translation. The main difference is the covert and overt attention, implemented as a multi-dimensional LSTM network. Our principal contribution towards handwriting recognition lies in the automatic transcription without a prior segmentation into lines, which was crucial in previous approaches. To the best of our knowledge this is the first successful attempt of end-to-end multi-line handwriting recognition. We carried out experiments on the well-known IAM Database. The results are encouraging and bring hope to perform full paragraph transcription in the near future.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 11; 2023: 6; 2024: 7; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2022DAN: a Segmentation-free Document Attention Network for Handwritten Document Recognitioncited by 62
  2. 2021Full Page Handwriting Recognition via Image to Sequence Extractioncited by 24
  3. 2024HTR-VT: Handwritten Text Recognition with Vision Transformercited by 24
  4. 2021SPAN: a Simple Predict & Align Network for Handwritten Paragraph Recognitioncited by 19
  5. 2021Transformer-Based Approach for Joint Handwriting and Named Entity Recognition in Historical documentscited by 17
  6. 2022The LAM Dataset: A Novel Benchmark for Line-Level Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 16
  7. 2022Boosting Modern and Historical Handwritten Text Recognition with Deformable Convolutionscited by 14
  8. 2023How to Choose Pretrained Handwriting Recognition Models for Single Writer Fine-Tuningcited by 13
  9. 2022AttentionHTR: Handwritten Text Recognition Based on Attention Encoder-Decoder Networkscited by 12
  10. 2025Handwritten Text Recognition: A Surveycited by 12
  11. 2025Benchmarking Large Language Models for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 11
  12. 2021KOHTD: Kazakh Offline Handwritten Text Datasetcited by 10
33 more
  1. 2023Faster DAN: Multi-target Queries with Document Positional Encoding for End-to-end Handwritten Document Recognitioncited by 9
  2. 2024DANIEL: A fast Document Attention Network for Information Extraction and Labelling of handwritten documentscited by 9
  3. 2022PageNet: Towards End-to-End Weakly Supervised Page-Level Handwritten Chinese Text Recognitioncited by 8
  4. 2023MSdocTr-Lite: A Lite Transformer for Full Page Multi-script Handwriting Recognitioncited by 7
  5. 2024Qalam : A Multimodal LLM for Arabic Optical Character and Handwriting Recognitioncited by 7
  6. 2022Auxiliary Cross-Modal Representation Learning with Triplet Loss Functions for Online Handwriting Recognitioncited by 6
  7. 2021Generating Synthetic Handwritten Historical Documents With OCR Constrained GANscited by 5
  8. 2022Self-Training of Handwritten Word Recognition for Synthetic-to-Real Adaptationcited by 5
  9. 2022Lexicon and Attention based Handwritten Text Recognition Systemcited by 5
  10. 2022A Comprehensive Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition System: LexiconNetcited by 4
  11. 2023Large Scale Genealogical Information Extraction From Handwritten Quebec Parish Recordscited by 4
  12. 2022BN-HTRd: A Benchmark Dataset for Document Level Offline Bangla Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) and Line Segmentationcited by 3
  13. 2025Meta-DAN: towards an efficient prediction strategy for page-level handwritten text recognitioncited by 3
  14. 2025Normalized vs Diplomatic Annotation: A Case Study of Automatic Information Extraction from Handwritten Uruguayan Birth Certificatescited by 3
  15. 2021Applications of Machine Learning in Document Digitisationcited by 2
  16. 2021Recurrent neural network transducer for Japanese and Chinese offline handwritten text recognitioncited by 2
  17. 2025Quo Vadis Handwritten Text Generation for Handwritten Text Recognition?cited by 2
  18. 2021Evaluation of a Region Proposal Architecture for Multi-task Document Layout Analysiscited by 1
  19. 2022A Lexicon and Depth-wise Separable Convolution Based Handwritten Text Recognition Systemcited by 1
  20. 2024GatedLexiconNet: A Comprehensive End-to-End Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition Systemcited by 1
  21. 2025RVAFM: Re-parameterizing Vertical Attention Fusion Module for Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognitioncited by 1
  22. 2025HTR-ConvText: Leveraging Convolution and Textual Information for Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 1
  23. 2026A Benchmark of State-Space Models vs. Transformers and BiLSTM-based Models for Historical Newspaper OCRcited by 1
  24. 2026A Text Recognition Dataset from Sahidic Coptic Ancient Manuscriptscited by 1
  25. 2021Dual Reinforcement-Based Specification Generation for Image De-Renderingcited by 0
  26. 2023Uncovering the Handwritten Text in the Margins: End-to-end Handwritten Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 0
  27. 2023CSSL-MHTR: Continual Self-Supervised Learning for Scalable Multi-script Handwritten Text Recognitioncited by 0
  28. 2024Understanding attention-based encoder-decoder networks: a case study with chess scoresheet recognitioncited by 0
  29. 2024Block-level Text Spotting with LLMscited by 0
  30. 2024Boosting CNN-based Handwriting Recognition Systems with Learnable Relaxation Labelingcited by 0
  31. 2025Seeing the Signs: A Survey of Edge-Deployable OCR Models for Billboard Visibility Analysiscited by 0
  32. 2026Learning to Decipher from Pixels: A Case Study of Copialecited by 0
  33. 2026Joint Transcription and Decryption of Images of Encrypted Handwritten Documents: A Comparison with the Traditional Pipelinecited by 0