mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

UniPC: A Unified Predictor-Corrector Framework for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models

arXiv 2302.04867 ↗First posted 9 Feb 2023cs.LG cs.CVcited by 441

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion foundations and sampling

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have demonstrated a very promising ability in high-resolution image synthesis. However, sampling from a pre-trained DPM is time-consuming due to the multiple evaluations of the denoising network, making it more and more important to accelerate the sampling of DPMs. Despite recent progress in designing fast samplers, existing methods still cannot generate satisfying images in many applications where fewer steps (e.g., <10) are favored. In this paper, we develop a unified corrector (UniC) that can be applied after any existing DPM sampler to increase the order of accuracy without extra model evaluations, and derive a unified predictor (UniP) that supports arbitrary order as a byproduct. Combining UniP and UniC, we propose a unified predictor-corrector framework called UniPC for the fast sampling of DPMs, which has a unified analytical form for any order and can significantly improve the sampling quality over previous methods, especially in extremely few steps. We evaluate our methods through extensive experiments including both unconditional and conditional sampling using pixel-space and latent-space DPMs. Our UniPC can achieve 3.87 FID on CIFAR10 (unconditional) and 7.51 FID on ImageNet 256×256 (conditional) with only 10 function evaluations. Code is available at https://github.com/wl-zhao/UniPC.

Key facts. Cited by 441 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion foundations and sampling, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 31 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2023.

Builds on

31 of 47 references.

Closest ancestors · 19

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022DPM-Solver++: Fast Solver for Guided Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Models2 Nov
  2. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidance26 Jul
  3. 2022Estimating the Optimal Covariance with Imperfect Mean in Diffusion Probabilistic Models15 Jun
  4. 2022gDDIM: Generalized denoising diffusion implicit models11 Jun
  5. 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Steps2 Jun
  6. 2022Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models with Exponential Integrator29 Apr
  7. 2022Pseudo Numerical Methods for Diffusion Models on Manifolds20 Feb
  8. 2022Learning Fast Samplers for Diffusion Models by Differentiating Through Sample Quality11 Feb
  9. 2022Analytic-DPM: an Analytic Estimate of the Optimal Reverse Variance in Diffusion Probabilistic Models17 Jan
  10. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models20 Dec
  11. 2021Tackling the Generative Learning Trilemma with Denoising Diffusion GANs15 Dec
  12. 2021Score-Based Generative Modeling with Critically-Damped Langevin Diffusion14 Dec
7 more
  1. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesis29 Nov
  2. 2021Variational Diffusion Models1 Jul
  3. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis11 May
  4. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models18 Feb
  5. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations26 Nov
  6. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models6 Oct
  7. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models19 Jun

Other references · 12

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  3. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  4. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  5. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  6. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
  7. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  8. 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,350
  9. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
  10. 2022DiffusionDet: Diffusion Model for Object Detectioncited by 354
  11. 2021SegDiff: Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 279
  12. 2022Diffusion-GAN: Training GANs with Diffusioncited by 203

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 40; 2024: 106; 2025: 142; 2026: 153.

441 papers.

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  1. 2023One-step Diffusion with Distribution Matching Distillationcited by 978
  2. 2024Improved Distribution Matching Distillation for Fast Image Synthesiscited by 648
  3. 2023Improved Techniques for Training Consistency Modelscited by 430
  4. 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policiescited by 411
  5. 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllabilitycited by 337
  6. 2024SDXL-Lightning: Progressive Adversarial Diffusion Distillationcited by 258
  7. 2023MagicDrive: Street View Generation with Diverse 3D Geometry Controlcited by 250
  8. 2023Diff-Instruct: A Universal Approach for Transferring Knowledge From Pre-trained Diffusion Modelscited by 232
  9. 2024Deep Compression Autoencoder for Efficient High-Resolution Diffusion Modelscited by 209
  10. 2025MixGRPO: Unlocking Flow-based GRPO Efficiency with Mixed ODE-SDEcited by 168
  11. 2023DPM-Solver-v3: Improved Diffusion ODE Solver with Empirical Model Statisticscited by 161
  12. 2023Reconstructing the Mind's Eye: fMRI-to-Image with Contrastive Learning and Diffusion Priorscited by 156
38 more
  1. 2024ControlNet++: Improving Conditional Controls with Efficient Consistency Feedbackcited by 153
  2. 2024OOTDiffusion: Outfitting Fusion based Latent Diffusion for Controllable Virtual Try-oncited by 150
  3. 2024GenAD: Generalized Predictive Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
  4. 2023Cache Me if You Can: Accelerating Diffusion Models through Block Cachingcited by 149
  5. 2023LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image Modelscited by 147
  6. 2024Consistency Models Made Easycited by 140
  7. 2024Gaussian Shading: Provable Performance-Lossless Image Watermarking for Diffusion Modelscited by 131
  8. 2023CADS: Unleashing the Diversity of Diffusion Models through Condition-Annealed Samplingcited by 124
  9. 2025Test-Time Training Done Rightcited by 121
  10. 2025Hunyuan3D 2.5: Towards High-Fidelity 3D Assets Generation with Ultimate Detailscited by 120
  11. 2023Diffusion Model is an Effective Planner and Data Synthesizer for Multi-Task Reinforcement Learningcited by 114
  12. 2024Eliminating Oversaturation and Artifacts of High Guidance Scales in Diffusion Modelscited by 107
  13. 2023Elucidating the Exposure Bias in Diffusion Modelscited by 98
  14. 2024Align Your Steps: Optimizing Sampling Schedules in Diffusion Modelscited by 91
  15. 2023Fast ODE-based Sampling for Diffusion Models in Around 5 Stepscited by 83
  16. 2025Ovi: Twin Backbone Cross-Modal Fusion for Audio-Video Generationcited by 76
  17. 2024Accelerating Convergence of Score-Based Diffusion Models, Provablycited by 74
  18. 2025SkyReels-A2: Compose Anything in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 72
  19. 2023SA-Solver: Stochastic Adams Solver for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Modelscited by 71
  20. 2023VillanDiffusion: A Unified Backdoor Attack Framework for Diffusion Modelscited by 68
  21. 2024Accelerating Diffusion Sampling with Optimized Time Stepscited by 67
  22. 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Datacited by 66
  23. 2024MindBridge: A Cross-Subject Brain Decoding Frameworkcited by 65
  24. 2026Unified 4D World Action Modeling from Video Priors with Asynchronous Denoisingcited by 65
  25. 2023DiffusionLight: Light Probes for Free by Painting a Chrome Ballcited by 63
  26. 2024Diffusion Models, Image Super-Resolution And Everything: A Surveycited by 63
  27. 2023The Blessing of Randomness: SDE Beats ODE in General Diffusion-based Image Editingcited by 61
  28. 2024EM Distillation for One-step Diffusion Modelscited by 60
  29. 2024ViewDiff: 3D-Consistent Image Generation with Text-to-Image Modelscited by 57
  30. 2024Flash Diffusion: Accelerating Any Conditional Diffusion Model for Few Steps Image Generationcited by 56
  31. 2026Helios: Real Real-Time Long Video Generation Modelcited by 56
  32. 2025Coefficients-Preserving Sampling for Reinforcement Learning with Flow Matchingcited by 55
  33. 2024Affordance-based Robot Manipulation with Flow Matchingcited by 54
  34. 2024Boosting Diffusion Models with Moving Average Sampling in Frequency Domaincited by 53
  35. 2024MoA: Mixture-of-Attention for Subject-Context Disentanglement in Personalized Image Generationcited by 51
  36. 2024On the Trajectory Regularity of ODE-based Diffusion Samplingcited by 51
  37. 2024Inference-Time Alignment of Diffusion Models with Direct Noise Optimizationcited by 51
  38. 2023Smooth Diffusion: Crafting Smooth Latent Spaces in Diffusion Modelscited by 48

50 most cited of 441 All 441 (JSON)

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  1. 2023Faster Diffusion: Rethinking the Role of the Encoder for Diffusion Model Inference
  2. 2025LowDiff: Efficient Diffusion Sampling with Low-Resolution Condition
  3. 2025Exploiting the Exact Denoising Posterior Score in Training-Free Guidance of Diffusion Models
  4. 2024A Simple Early Exiting Framework for Accelerated Sampling in Diffusion Models
  5. 2025DyPE: Dynamic Position Extrapolation for Ultra High Resolution Diffusion
  6. 2022Speed up the inference of diffusion models via shortcut MCMC sampling
  7. 2025It Takes Two to Tango: Two Parallel Samplers Improve Quality in Diffusion Models for Limited Steps
  8. 2023The Missing U for Efficient Diffusion Models