Video Generation Models Are Good Latent Reward Models
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Diffusion and multimodal model alignment
Abstract (arXiv)
Reward feedback learning (ReFL) has proven effective for aligning image generation with human preferences. However, its extension to video generation faces significant challenges. Existing video reward models rely on vision-language models designed for pixel-space inputs, confining ReFL optimization to near-complete denoising steps after computationally expensive VAE decoding. This pixel-space approach incurs substantial memory overhead and increased training time, and its late-stage optimization lacks early-stage supervision, refining only visual quality rather than fundamental motion dynamics and structural coherence. In this work, we show that pre-trained video generation models are naturally suited for reward modeling in the noisy latent space, as they are explicitly designed to process noisy latent representations at arbitrary timesteps and inherently preserve temporal information through their sequential modeling capabilities. Accordingly, we propose Process Reward Feedback Learning~(PRFL), a framework that conducts preference optimization entirely in latent space, enabling efficient gradient backpropagation throughout the full denoising chain without VAE decoding. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PRFL significantly improves alignment with human preferences, while achieving substantial reductions in memory consumption and training time compared to RGB ReFL.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and multimodal model alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 41 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Nov 2025.
Builds on
41 of 49 references.
Closest ancestors · 10
Same direction, newest first
- 2025ShortFT: Diffusion Model Alignment via Shortcut-based Fine-Tuning30 Jul
- 2025VPO: Aligning Text-to-Video Generation Models with Prompt Optimization26 Mar
- 2025Unified Reward Model for Multimodal Understanding and Generation7 Mar
- 2025Diffusion Model as a Noise-Aware Latent Reward Model for Step-Level Preference Optimization3 Feb
- 2025Improving Video Generation with Human Feedback23 Jan
- 2024DOLLAR: Few-Step Video Generation via Distillation and Latent Reward Optimization20 Dec
- 2024Improving Dynamic Object Interactions in Text-to-Video Generation with AI Feedback3 Dec
- 2024Deep Reward Supervisions for Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models1 May
- 2023InstructVideo: Instructing Video Diffusion Models with Human Feedback19 Dec
- 2023Directly Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models on Differentiable Rewards29 Sep
Other references · 31
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
- 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
- 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,550
- 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
- 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformercited by 2,198
- 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
- 2024HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Modelscited by 1,597
- 2021SimMIM: A Simple Framework for Masked Image Modelingcited by 1,147
- 2022CogVideo: Large-scale Pretraining for Text-to-Video Generation via Transformerscited by 973
19 more
- 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 950
- 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotationscited by 895
- 2019Advantage-Weighted Regression: Simple and Scalable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 750
- 2024YOLO-World: Real-Time Open-Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 498
- 2023UniPC: A Unified Predictor-Corrector Framework for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Modelscited by 441
- 2025The Lessons of Developing Process Reward Models in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 402
- 2023Video-P2P: Video Editing with Cross-attention Controlcited by 312
- 2025VBench-2.0: Advancing Video Generation Benchmark Suite for Intrinsic Faithfulnesscited by 289
- 2024Open-Sora Plan: Open-Source Large Video Generation Modelcited by 286
- 2023Aligning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Reward Backpropagationcited by 284
- 2025Seedance 1.0: Exploring the Boundaries of Video Generation Modelscited by 247
- 2024StreamingT2V: Consistent, Dynamic, and Extendable Long Video Generation from Textcited by 242
- 2024VideoPhy: Evaluating Physical Commonsense for Video Generationcited by 215
- 2024VideoScore: Building Automatic Metrics to Simulate Fine-grained Human Feedback for Video Generationcited by 190
- 2025VideoScore2: Think before You Score in Generative Video Evaluationcited by 37
- 2024The Dawn of Video Generation: Preliminary Explorations with SORA-like Modelscited by 30
- 2024HumanRefiner: Benchmarking Abnormal Human Generation and Refining with Coarse-to-fine Pose-Reversible Guidancecited by 24
- 2025GRADEO: Towards Human-Like Evaluation for Text-to-Video Generation via Multi-Step Reasoningcited by 7
- 2025ContentV: Efficient Training of Video Generation Models with Limited Computecited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 14.
15 papers.
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- 2026VGGRPO: Towards World-Consistent Video Generation with 4D Latent Rewardcited by 19
- 2026Self-Refining Video Samplingcited by 14
- 2026Manifold-Aware Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Video Generationcited by 14
- 2026Proprio: Latent Self-Scoring and Inference-Time Refinement for Physically Plausible Video Generationcited by 6
- 2026Beyond VLM-Based Rewards: Diffusion-Native Latent Reward Modelingcited by 5
- 2026DreamVideo-Omni: Omni-Motion Controlled Multi-Subject Video Customization with Latent Identity Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2025SoliReward: Mitigating Susceptibility to Reward Hacking and Annotation Noise in Video Generation Reward Modelscited by 3
- 2026Talk2Move: Reinforcement Learning for Text-Instructed Object-Level Geometric Transformation in Scenescited by 2
- 2026Stitched Value Model for Diffusion Alignmentcited by 2
- 2026Euphonium: Steering Video Flow Matching via Process Reward Gradient Guided Stochastic Dynamicscited by 1
- 2026AdvDMD: Adversarial Reward Meets DMD For High-Quality Few-Step Generationcited by 1
- 2026Through the PRISM: Preference Representation in Intermediate States of Video Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Sample-Adaptive Latent Rewards for Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Post-Training6 Aug 2026
- 2026Latent Reward Registers for Diffusion Preference Alignment4 Aug 2026
- 2026Reward Lightning: Fast Video Generation via Homologous Preference Distillation4 Jul 2026
- 2026Through the PRISM: Preference Representation in Intermediate States of Video Diffusion Models18 Jun 2026
- 2026Proprio: Latent Self-Scoring and Inference-Time Refinement for Physically Plausible Video Generation27 May 2026
- 2026Stitched Value Model for Diffusion Alignment19 May 2026
- 2026AdvDMD: Adversarial Reward Meets DMD For High-Quality Few-Step Generation29 Apr 2026
- 2026VGGRPO: Towards World-Consistent Video Generation with 4D Latent Reward27 Mar 2026
- 2026Manifold-Aware Exploration for Reinforcement Learning in Video Generation23 Mar 2026
- 2026DreamVideo-Omni: Omni-Motion Controlled Multi-Subject Video Customization with Latent Identity Reinforcement Learning12 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond VLM-Based Rewards: Diffusion-Native Latent Reward Modeling11 Feb 2026
- 2026Euphonium: Steering Video Flow Matching via Process Reward Gradient Guided Stochastic Dynamics4 Feb 2026
- 2026VGGRPO: Towards World-Consistent Video Generation with 4D Latent Rewardcited by 19
- 2026Beyond VLM-Based Rewards: Diffusion-Native Latent Reward Modelingcited by 5
- 2026DreamVideo-Omni: Omni-Motion Controlled Multi-Subject Video Customization with Latent Identity Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
- 2026Euphonium: Steering Video Flow Matching via Process Reward Gradient Guided Stochastic Dynamicscited by 1
- 2026AdvDMD: Adversarial Reward Meets DMD For High-Quality Few-Step Generationcited by 1
- 2026Through the PRISM: Preference Representation in Intermediate States of Video Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Reward Lightning: Fast Video Generation via Homologous Preference Distillationcited by 0
- 2026Latent Reward Registers for Diffusion Preference Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Sample-Adaptive Latent Rewards for Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Post-Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Sample-Adaptive Latent Rewards for Uncertainty-Guided Diffusion Post-Training6 Aug 2026
- 2026Latent Reward Registers for Diffusion Preference Alignment4 Aug 2026
- 2026Reward Lightning: Fast Video Generation via Homologous Preference Distillation4 Jul 2026
- 2026Through the PRISM: Preference Representation in Intermediate States of Video Diffusion Models18 Jun 2026
- 2026AdvDMD: Adversarial Reward Meets DMD For High-Quality Few-Step Generation29 Apr 2026
- 2026VGGRPO: Towards World-Consistent Video Generation with 4D Latent Reward27 Mar 2026
- 2026DreamVideo-Omni: Omni-Motion Controlled Multi-Subject Video Customization with Latent Identity Reinforcement Learning12 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond VLM-Based Rewards: Diffusion-Native Latent Reward Modeling11 Feb 2026
- 2026Euphonium: Steering Video Flow Matching via Process Reward Gradient Guided Stochastic Dynamics4 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Aligning Human Sense: Calibrated Distributional Reward Learning for Video Generation
- 2026GT-SVJ: Generative-Transformer-Based Self-Supervised Video Judge For Efficient Video Reward Modeling
- 2026CoRe: Co-Evolving Reward Models for Mitigating Latent Reward Hacking in Video Diffusion Models
- 2024VisionReward: Fine-Grained Multi-Dimensional Human Preference Learning for Image and Video Generation
- 2026CamPilot: Improving Camera Control in Video Diffusion Model with Efficient Camera Reward Feedback
- 2025Reward-Instruct: A Reward-Centric Approach to Fast Photo-Realistic Image Generation
- 2026Temporal Concentration from Rollout Errors: Implicit Preference Optimization for Text-to-Video Diffusion
- 2026A Systematic Post-Train Framework for Video Generation