mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Survey on Diffusion Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data

arXiv 2404.18886 ↗First posted 29 Apr 2024cs.LG cs.AIcited by 66

On the map: Diffusion models → Flow matching, time series and science

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models have been widely used in time series and spatio-temporal data, enhancing generative, inferential, and downstream capabilities. These models are applied across diverse fields such as healthcare, recommendation, climate, energy, audio, and traffic. By separating applications for time series and spatio-temporal data, we offer a structured perspective on model category, task type, data modality, and practical application domain. This study aims to provide a solid foundation for researchers and practitioners, inspiring future innovations that tackle traditional challenges and foster novel solutions in diffusion model-based data mining tasks and applications. For more detailed information, we have open-sourced a repository at https://github.com/yyysjz1997/Awesome-TimeSeries-SpatioTemporal-Diffusion-Model.

Key facts. Cited by 66 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 210 of its 308 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2024.

Builds on

210 of 308 references.

Closest ancestors · 38

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Creating synthetic energy meter data using conditional diffusion and building metadata31 Mar
  2. 2024DiffSTOCK: Probabilistic relational Stock Market Predictions using Diffusion Models21 Mar
  3. 2024DiffPLF: A Conditional Diffusion Model for Probabilistic Forecasting of EV Charging Load21 Feb
  4. 2024DiffsFormer: A Diffusion Transformer on Stock Factor Augmentation5 Feb
  5. 2024DiffDA: a Diffusion Model for Weather-scale Data Assimilation11 Jan
  6. 2023Time Series Diffusion Method: A Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Vibration Signal Generation13 Dec
  7. 2023TS-Diffusion: Generating Highly Complex Time Series with Diffusion Models6 Nov
  8. 2023Time Series Anomaly Detection using Diffusion-based Models2 Nov
  9. 2023Generating HSR Bogie Vibration Signals via Pulse Voltage-Guided Conditional Diffusion Model1 Nov
  10. 2023Towards Unifying Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Spatio-Temporal Graph Learning26 Oct
  11. 2023DDMT: Denoising Diffusion Mask Transformer Models for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection13 Oct
  12. 2023sasdim: self-adaptive noise scaling diffusion model for spatial time series imputation5 Sep
26 more
  1. 2023FinDiff: Diffusion Models for Financial Tabular Data Generation4 Sep
  2. 2023Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Tackling Stochasticity in Multi-Step Regression Stock Price Prediction18 Aug
  3. 2023Precipitation nowcasting with generative diffusion models13 Aug
  4. 2023Predict, Refine, Synthesize: Self-Guiding Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting21 Jul
  5. 2023ImDiffusion: Imputed Diffusion Models for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection3 Jul
  6. 2023MissDiff: Training Diffusion Models on Tabular Data with Missing Values2 Jul
  7. 2023SEEDS: Emulation of Weather Forecast Ensembles with Diffusion Models24 Jun
  8. 2023Non-autoregressive Conditional Diffusion Models for Time Series Prediction8 Jun
  9. 2023SwinRDM: Integrate SwinRNN with Diffusion Model towards High-Resolution and High-Quality Weather Forecasting5 Jun
  10. 2023DYffusion: A Dynamics-informed Diffusion Model for Spatiotemporal Forecasting3 Jun
  11. 2023On Diffusion Modeling for Anomaly Detection29 May
  12. 2023Latent diffusion models for generative precipitation nowcasting with accurate uncertainty quantification25 Apr
  13. 2023Customized Load Profiles Synthesis for Electricity Customers Based on Conditional Diffusion Models24 Apr
  14. 2023DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Earth System Models with Diffusion Models23 Apr
  15. 2023PriSTI: A Conditional Diffusion Framework for Spatiotemporal Imputation20 Feb
  16. 2023PFGM++: Unlocking the Potential of Physics-Inspired Generative Models8 Feb
  17. 2023Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Solar Forecasts1 Feb
  18. 2023DiffSTG: Probabilistic Spatio-Temporal Graph Forecasting with Denoising Diffusion Models31 Jan
  19. 2022Denoising diffusion probabilistic models for probabilistic energy forecasting6 Dec
  20. 2022Diffusion models for missing value imputation in tabular data31 Oct
  21. 2022Structure-based Drug Design with Equivariant Diffusion Models24 Oct
  22. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flow7 Sep
  23. 2022Deep Diffusion Models for Seismic Processing21 Jul
  24. 2022GeoDiff: a Geometric Diffusion Model for Molecular Conformation Generation6 Mar
  25. 2021CSDI: Conditional Score-based Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Imputation7 Jul
  26. 2021Autoregressive Denoising Diffusion Models for Multivariate Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting28 Jan

Other references · 172

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  4. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  5. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  6. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  7. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  8. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  9. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  10. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  11. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  12. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
38 more
  1. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  2. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  3. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  4. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  5. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  6. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  7. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
  8. 2015Variational Inference with Normalizing Flowscited by 2,161
  9. 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Stepscited by 1,961
  10. 2023Consistency Modelscited by 1,778
  11. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
  12. 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,506
  13. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
  14. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,339
  15. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,296
  16. 2021Swin Transformer V2: Scaling Up Capacity and Resolutioncited by 1,215
  17. 2021Variational Diffusion Modelscited by 1,145
  18. 2022Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applicationscited by 1,107
  19. 2022Diffusion Models in Vision: A Surveycited by 1,008
  20. 2022Diffusion-LM Improves Controllable Text Generationcited by 1,006
  21. 2022Building Normalizing Flows with Stochastic Interpolantscited by 964
  22. 2022Denoising Diffusion Restoration Modelscited by 951
  23. 2022DPM-Solver++: Fast Solver for Guided Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 924
  24. 2023Latent Consistency Models: Synthesizing High-Resolution Images with Few-Step Inferencecited by 826
  25. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 773
  26. 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 768
  27. 2022On Distillation of Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 721
  28. 2024SiT: Exploring Flow and Diffusion-based Generative Models with Scalable Interpolant Transformerscited by 707
  29. 2022Pseudo Numerical Methods for Diffusion Models on Manifoldscited by 695
  30. 2021Maximum Likelihood Training of Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 670
  31. 2021Score-based Generative Modeling in Latent Spacecited by 634
  32. 2021ILVR: Conditioning Method for Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 634
  33. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
  34. 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 610
  35. 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
  36. 2022LION: Latent Point Diffusion Models for 3D Shape Generationcited by 552
  37. 2022Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models with Exponential Integratorcited by 526
  38. 2021Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation with Diffusion Modelscited by 495

50 most cited of 172 All 172 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 18; 2025: 30; 2026: 18.

66 papers.

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  1. 2024TSI-Bench: Benchmarking Time Series Imputationcited by 33
  2. 2024TimeDiT: General-purpose Diffusion Transformers for Time Series Foundation Modelcited by 33
  3. 2024Continuous Ensemble Weather Forecasting with Diffusion modelscited by 27
  4. 2024TacDiffusion: Force-domain Diffusion Policy for Precise Tactile Manipulationcited by 23
  5. 2024A Survey on Diffusion Models for Recommender Systemscited by 20
  6. 2025T2S: High-resolution Time Series Generation with Text-to-Series Diffusion Modelscited by 19
  7. 2025Deep Learning and Foundation Models for Weather Prediction: A Surveycited by 15
  8. 2025Achieving Time Series Reasoning Requires Rethinking Model Design, Tasks Formulation, and Evaluationcited by 15
  9. 2024A Survey of Generative Techniques for Spatial-Temporal Data Miningcited by 14
  10. 2025A Survey on Diffusion Models for Anomaly Detectioncited by 13
  11. 2025Diffusion Models for Time Series Forecasting: A Surveycited by 11
  12. 2025VisionTS++: Cross-Modal Time Series Foundation Model with Continual Pre-trained Vision Backbonescited by 11
38 more
  1. 2024Diffusion Transformers as Open-World Spatiotemporal Foundation Modelscited by 10
  2. 2024Auto-Regressive Moving Diffusion Models for Time Series Forecastingcited by 9
  3. 2025Vision-Enhanced Time Series Forecasting via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 9
  4. 2025LSCD: Lomb-Scargle Conditioned Diffusion for Time series Imputationcited by 8
  5. 2024State-observation augmented diffusion model for nonlinear assimilation with unknown dynamicscited by 7
  6. 2025Modeling Human Gaze Behavior with Diffusion Models for Unified Scanpath Predictioncited by 7
  7. 2025Causal Time Series Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  8. 2024DiffBatt: A Diffusion Model for Battery Degradation Prediction and Synthesiscited by 6
  9. 2024IMUDiffusion: A Diffusion Model for Multivariate Time Series Synthetisation for Inertial Motion Capturing Systemscited by 5
  10. 2024TimeAutoDiff: A Unified Framework for Generation, Imputation, Forecasting, and Time-Varying Metadata Conditioning of Heterogeneous Time Series Tabular Datacited by 4
  11. 2025Robust Optimization with Diffusion Models for Green Securitycited by 4
  12. 2024Rethinking the Diffusion Models for Numerical Tabular Data Imputation from the Perspective of Wasserstein Gradient Flowcited by 3
  13. 2024A Survey of Spatio-Temporal EEG data Analysis: from Models to Applicationscited by 3
  14. 2024Pre-training Feature Guided Diffusion Model for Speech Enhancementcited by 2
  15. 2024Intelligent Cross-Organizational Process Mining: A Survey and New Perspectivescited by 2
  16. 2024Channel-aware Contrastive Conditional Diffusion for Multivariate Probabilistic Time Series Forecastingcited by 2
  17. 2024Using matrix-product states for time-series machine learningcited by 2
  18. 2025LipDiffuser: Lip-to-Speech Generation with Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  19. 2025DS-Diffusion: Data Style-Guided Diffusion Model for Time-Series Generationcited by 2
  20. 2025FADTI: Fourier and Attention Driven Diffusion for Multivariate Time Series Imputationcited by 2
  21. 2025DK-Root: A Joint Data-and-Knowledge-Driven Framework for Root Cause Analysis of QoE Degradations in Mobile Networkscited by 1
  22. 2025UniDiff: A Unified Diffusion Framework for Multimodal Time Series Forecastingcited by 1
  23. 2026MoDE-Boost: Boosting Shared Mobility Demand with Edge-Ready Prediction Modelscited by 1
  24. 2026Dynamic Sheaf Diffusion Networks with Adaptive Local Structure for Heterogeneous Spatio-Temporal Graph Learningcited by 1
  25. 2026PrismFlow: Residual Dynamics for Flow Matching in Time-Series Generationcited by 1
  26. 2026Diffusion Models for Adaptive Sequential Data Generationcited by 1
  27. 2025Context information can be more important than reasoning for time series forecasting with a large language modelcited by 0
  28. 2025Collaborative Deterministic-Probabilistic Forecasting for Diverse Spatiotemporal Systemscited by 0
  29. 2025Exploring Textual Semantics Diversity for Image Transmission in Semantic Communication Systems using Visual Language Modelcited by 0
  30. 2025Shape Modeling of Longitudinal Medical Images: From Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping to Deep Learningcited by 0
  31. 2025Approximately Equivariant Recurrent Generative Models for Quasi-Periodic Time Series with a Progressive Training Schemecited by 0
  32. 2025Challenges and Limitations of Generative AI in Synthesizing Wearable Sensor Datacited by 0
  33. 2025DIFFUMA: High-Fidelity Spatio-Temporal Video Prediction via Dual-Path Mamba and Diffusion Enhancementcited by 0
  34. 2025Hallucination Detection and Mitigation with Diffusion in Multi-Variate Time-Series Foundation Modelscited by 0
  35. 2025A Laplace diffusion-based transformer model for heart rate forecasting within daily activity contextcited by 0
  36. 2025STDiff: A State Transition Diffusion Framework for Time Series Imputation in Industrial Systemscited by 0
  37. 2025AnoF-Diff: One-Step Diffusion-Based Anomaly Detection for Forceful Tool Usecited by 0
  38. 2025Effective Series Decomposition and Components Learning for Time Series Generationcited by 0

50 most cited of 66 All 66 (JSON)

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  1. 2023Diffusion Models for Time Series Applications: A Survey
  2. 2024The Rise of Diffusion Models in Time-Series Forecasting
  3. 2024ProGen: Revisiting Probabilistic Spatial-Temporal Time Series Forecasting from a Continuous Generative Perspective Using Stochastic Differential Equations
  4. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion Models for Time Series Forecasting
  5. 2024Stochastic Diffusion: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Stochastic Time Series Forecasting
  6. 2025WaveletDiff: Multilevel Wavelet Diffusion For Time Series Generation
  7. 2024Series-to-Series Diffusion Bridge Model
  8. 2024Deep Temporal Deaggregation: Large-Scale Spatio-Temporal Generative Models