Sim-2-Sim Transfer for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent work in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) has presented two environmental paradigms with differing realism -- the standard VLN setting built on topological environments where navigation is abstracted away, and the VLN-CE setting where agents must navigate continuous 3D environments using low-level actions. Despite sharing the high-level task and even the underlying instruction-path data, performance on VLN-CE lags behind VLN significantly. In this work, we explore this gap by transferring an agent from the abstract environment of VLN to the continuous environment of VLN-CE. We find that this sim-2-sim transfer is highly effective, improving over the prior state of the art in VLN-CE by +12% success rate. While this demonstrates the potential for this direction, the transfer does not fully retain the original performance of the agent in the abstract setting. We present a sequence of experiments to identify what differences result in performance degradation, providing clear directions for further improvement.
Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Apr 2022.
Builds on
26 of 28 references.
References · 26
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2013Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transportation Distancescited by 2,277
- 2017Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environmentscited by 1,354
- 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,163
- 2017Vision-and-Language Navigation: Interpreting visually-grounded navigation instructions in real environmentscited by 1,013
- 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 526
- 2020Beyond the Nav-Graph: Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 429
- 2018Speaker-Follower Models for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 337
- 2020Learning to Explore using Active Neural SLAMcited by 308
- 2018Reinforced Cross-Modal Matching and Self-Supervised Imitation Learning for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 304
- 2020A Recurrent Vision-and-Language BERT for Navigationcited by 300
- 2021History Aware Multimodal Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 268
14 more
- 2019Learning to Navigate Unseen Environments: Back Translation with Environmental Dropoutcited by 241
- 2020Towards Learning a Generic Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation via Pre-trainingcited by 228
- 2020RoboTHOR: An Open Simulation-to-Real Embodied AI Platformcited by 190
- 2020Improving Vision-and-Language Navigation with Image-Text Pairs from the Webcited by 177
- 2021Waypoint Models for Instruction-guided Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 125
- 2020Topological Planning with Transformers for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 115
- 2020Sim-to-Real Transfer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 88
- 2021Language-Aligned Waypoint (LAW) Supervision for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 87
- 2021No RL, No Simulation: Learning to Navigate without Navigatingcited by 63
- 2021SASRA: Semantically-aware Spatio-temporal Reasoning Agent for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 48
- 2021Hierarchical Cross-Modal Agent for Robotics Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 47
- 2019Learning to Map Natural Language Instructions to Physical Quadcopter Control using Simulated Flightcited by 43
- 2019SplitNet: Sim2Sim and Task2Task Transfer for Embodied Visual Navigationcited by 29
- 2019Sim2Real Predictivity: Does Evaluation in Simulation Predict Real-World Performance?cited by 25
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 9; 2024: 14; 2025: 25; 2026: 30.
80 papers.
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- 2024NaVid: Video-based VLM Plans the Next Step for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 222
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigationcited by 201
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 165
- 2022BEVBert: Multimodal Map Pre-training for Language-guided Navigationcited by 117
- 2023GridMM: Grid Memory Map for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 117
- 2023Scaling Data Generation in Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 115
- 2025StreamVLN: Streaming Vision-and-Language Navigation via SlowFast Context Modelingcited by 107
- 2023DREAMWALKER: Mental Planning for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 82
- 2025JanusVLN: Decoupling Semantics and Spatiality with Dual Implicit Memory for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 80
- 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Today and Tomorrow: A Survey in the Era of Foundation Modelscited by 79
- 2024Lookahead Exploration with Neural Radiance Representation for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 63
- 2025VLN-R1: Vision-Language Navigation via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 61
38 more
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 60
- 2023Navigating to Objects Specified by Imagescited by 50
- 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigationcited by 49
- 2024Constraint-Aware Zero-Shot Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 49
- 2025NavMorph: A Self-Evolving World Model for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 41
- 2023Learning Navigational Visual Representations with Semantic Map Supervisioncited by 40
- 2025A Survey of Sim-to-Real Methods in RL: Progress, Prospects and Challenges with Foundation Modelscited by 36
- 2024Sim-to-Real Transfer via 3D Feature Fields for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 34
- 20221st Place Solutions for RxR-Habitat Vision-and-Language Navigation Competition (CVPR 2022)cited by 30
- 2025CityNavAgent: Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation with Hierarchical Semantic Planning and Global Memorycited by 30
- 2025CorrectNav: Self-Correction Flywheel Empowers Vision-Language-Action Navigation Modelcited by 26
- 2023Grounded Entity-Landmark Adaptive Pre-training for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 25
- 2023Fast-Slow Test-Time Adaptation for Online Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 25
- 2025Rethinking the Embodied Gap in Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Holistic Study of Physical and Visual Disparitiescited by 24
- 2026ABot-N0: Technical Report on the VLA Foundation Model for Versatile Embodied Navigationcited by 23
- 2024Vision-Language Navigation with Energy-Based Policycited by 19
- 2024g3D-LF: Generalizable 3D-Language Feature Fields for Embodied Taskscited by 18
- 2025AstraNav-World: World Model for Foresight Control and Consistencycited by 17
- 2024SAME: Learning Generic Language-Guided Visual Navigation with State-Adaptive Mixture of Expertscited by 16
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robotscited by 15
- 2025NavForesee: A Unified Vision-Language World Model for Hierarchical Planning and Dual-Horizon Navigation Predictioncited by 15
- 2024Point Cloud Models Improve Visual Robustness in Robotic Learnerscited by 13
- 2025Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation with Grid-based View Selection and Map Constructioncited by 12
- 2023MLANet: Multi-Level Attention Network with Sub-instruction for Continuous Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 11
- 2025GC-VLN: Instruction as Graph Constraints for Training-free Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 10
- 2025Unseen from Seen: Rewriting Observation-Instruction Using Foundation Models for Augmenting Vision-Language Navigationcited by 8
- 2025VLN-Zero: Rapid Exploration and Cache-Enabled Neurosymbolic Vision-Language Planning for Zero-Shot Transfer in Robot Navigationcited by 8
- 2026Dual-Anchoring: Addressing State Drift in Vision-Language Navigationcited by 7
- 2025View Invariant Learning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 6
- 2025Fast-SmartWay: Panoramic-Free End-to-End Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 6
- 2026AwareVLN: Reasoning with Self-awareness for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 6
- 2024Narrowing the Gap between Vision and Action in Navigationcited by 5
- 2026textscNaVIDA: Vision-Language Navigation with Inverse Dynamics Augmentationcited by 5
- 2026PanoWorld: Towards Spatial Supersensing in 360^circ Panorama Worldcited by 5
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Modelcited by 5
- 2025VPN: Visual Prompt Navigationcited by 4
- 2025DAgger Diffusion Navigation: DAgger Boosted Diffusion Policy for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 4
- 2025Boosting Zero-Shot VLN via Abstract Obstacle Map-Based Waypoint Prediction with TopoGraph-and-VisitInfo-Aware Promptingcited by 4
50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)
- 2026InsightMap: Structured Spatial Modeling for Embodied Multimodal Reasoning29 Sep 2026
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026LightNav-0: Eliciting VLM Spatial Intelligence for Generalist Embodied Navigation31 Aug 2026
- 2026Dynamic Context Adapters: Efficiently Infusing History into Vision-and-Language Models11 Aug 2026
- 2026MemVLN: Episodic and Procedural Memory for Vision-and-Language Navigation26 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Dual-Brain Minimal Sufficient Representation for Vision-Language Navigation25 Jul 2026
- 2026ReflectVLN: Training Vision-Language Navigation Agents with Reflective Reasoning14 Jul 2026
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Model11 Jul 2026
- 2026CoFL-S: Spatially Queryable Sector Flow Fields for Local Language-Conditioned Navigation2 Jul 2026
- 2026SpikeVLA: Vision-Language-Action Models with Spiking Neural Networks26 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Waypoints: A Trajectory-Centric Waypointing Paradigm for Vision-Language Navigation5 Jun 2026
- 2026PlatonicNav: Unveiling Semantic Correspondence in Navigation with Platonic Topological Maps1 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Goal2Pixel: Grounding Goals to Pixels for Vision-Language Navigation1 Jun 2026
- 2026AwareVLN: Reasoning with Self-awareness for Vision-Language Navigation21 May 2026
- 2026PanoWorld: Towards Spatial Supersensing in 360^circ Panorama World13 May 2026
- 2026LCGNav: Local Candidate-Aware Geometric Enhancement for General Topological Planning in Vision-Language Navigation9 May 2026
- 2026SpaAct: Spatially-Activated Transition Learning with Curriculum Adaptation for Vision-Language Navigation30 Apr 2026
- 2026Dual-Anchoring: Addressing State Drift in Vision-Language Navigation19 Apr 2026
- 2026LatentPilot: Scene-Aware Vision-and-Language Navigation by Dreaming Ahead with Latent Visual Reasoning31 Mar 2026
- 2026Structured Observation Language for Efficient and Generalizable Vision-Language Navigation29 Mar 2026
- 2026Semantic Audio-Visual Navigation in Continuous Environments20 Mar 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Diversity-Driven Robust Vision-and-Language Navigation16 Mar 2026
- 2026All-day Multi-scenes Lifelong Vision-and-Language Navigation with Tucker Adaptation15 Mar 2026
- 2026Your Vision-Language-Action Model Already Has Attention Heads For Path Deviation Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2026Let's Reward Step-by-Step: Step-Aware Contrastive Alignment for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments10 Mar 2026
- 2026PROSPECT: Unified Streaming Vision-Language Navigation via Semantic--Spatial Fusion and Latent Predictive Representation4 Mar 2026
- 2026Enhancing Vision-Language Navigation with Multimodal Event Knowledge from Real-World Indoor Tour Videos27 Feb 2026
- 2026ABot-N0: Technical Report on the VLA Foundation Model for Versatile Embodied Navigation12 Feb 2026
- 2026Dynamic Topology Awareness: Breaking the Granularity Rigidity in Vision-Language Navigation29 Jan 2026
- 2026textscNaVIDA: Vision-Language Navigation with Inverse Dynamics Augmentation26 Jan 2026
- 2025AstraNav-World: World Model for Foresight Control and Consistency25 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient-VLN: A Simple yet Strong Baseline for Efficient Vision-Language Navigation11 Dec 2025
- 2025NavForesee: A Unified Vision-Language World Model for Hierarchical Planning and Dual-Horizon Navigation Prediction1 Dec 2025
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2025Fast-SmartWay: Panoramic-Free End-to-End Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation2 Nov 2025
- 2025NavSpace: How Navigation Agents Follow Spatial Intelligence Instructions9 Oct 2025
- 2025JanusVLN: Decoupling Semantics and Spatiality with Dual Implicit Memory for Vision-Language Navigation26 Sep 2025
- 2025Boosting Zero-Shot VLN via Abstract Obstacle Map-Based Waypoint Prediction with TopoGraph-and-VisitInfo-Aware Prompting24 Sep 2025
- 2025VLN-Zero: Rapid Exploration and Cache-Enabled Neurosymbolic Vision-Language Planning for Zero-Shot Transfer in Robot Navigation23 Sep 2025
- 2025GC-VLN: Instruction as Graph Constraints for Training-free Vision-and-Language Navigation12 Sep 2025
- 2025CorrectNav: Self-Correction Flywheel Empowers Vision-Language-Action Navigation Model14 Aug 2025
- 2025DAgger Diffusion Navigation: DAgger Boosted Diffusion Policy for Vision-Language Navigation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Harnessing Input-Adaptive Inference for Efficient VLN12 Aug 2025
- 2025VPN: Visual Prompt Navigation3 Aug 2025
- 2025Rethinking the Embodied Gap in Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Holistic Study of Physical and Visual Disparities17 Jul 2025
- 2025StreamVLN: Streaming Vision-and-Language Navigation via SlowFast Context Modeling7 Jul 2025
- 2025View Invariant Learning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments5 Jul 2025
- 2025NavMorph: A Self-Evolving World Model for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments30 Jun 2025
- 2025VLN-R1: Vision-Language Navigation via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning20 Jun 2025
- 2025CityNavAgent: Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation with Hierarchical Semantic Planning and Global Memory8 May 2025
50 newest of 80 All 80 (JSON)
- 2025Fast-SmartWay: Panoramic-Free End-to-End Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 6
- 2026PROSPECT: Unified Streaming Vision-Language Navigation via Semantic--Spatial Fusion and Latent Predictive Representationcited by 2
- 2025Efficient-VLN: A Simple yet Strong Baseline for Efficient Vision-Language Navigationcited by 1
- 2026Goal2Pixel: Grounding Goals to Pixels for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 1
- 2026PlatonicNav: Unveiling Semantic Correspondence in Navigation with Platonic Topological Mapscited by 0
- 2026Dynamic Context Adapters: Efficiently Infusing History into Vision-and-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Dynamic Context Adapters: Efficiently Infusing History into Vision-and-Language Models11 Aug 2026
- 2026PlatonicNav: Unveiling Semantic Correspondence in Navigation with Platonic Topological Maps1 Jun 2026
- 2026Goal2Pixel: Grounding Goals to Pixels for Vision-Language Navigation1 Jun 2026
- 2026PROSPECT: Unified Streaming Vision-Language Navigation via Semantic--Spatial Fusion and Latent Predictive Representation4 Mar 2026
- 2025Efficient-VLN: A Simple yet Strong Baseline for Efficient Vision-Language Navigation11 Dec 2025
- 2025Fast-SmartWay: Panoramic-Free End-to-End Zero-Shot Vision-and-Language Navigation2 Nov 2025
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigationcited by 201
- 2025CorrectNav: Self-Correction Flywheel Empowers Vision-Language-Action Navigation Modelcited by 26
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robotscited by 15
- 2026Your Vision-Language-Action Model Already Has Attention Heads For Path Deviation Detectioncited by 3
- 2026SpikeVLA: Vision-Language-Action Models with Spiking Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Controlcited by 1
- 2026MobileVLA-R1 2.0: RL-Enhanced Reasoning for Mobile Robot Control5 Sep 2026
- 2026SpikeVLA: Vision-Language-Action Models with Spiking Neural Networks26 Jun 2026
- 2026Your Vision-Language-Action Model Already Has Attention Heads For Path Deviation Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2025MobileVLA-R1: Reinforcing Vision-Language-Action for Mobile Robots22 Nov 2025
- 2025CorrectNav: Self-Correction Flywheel Empowers Vision-Language-Action Navigation Model14 Aug 2025
- 2024NaVILA: Legged Robot Vision-Language-Action Model for Navigation5 Dec 2024
- 2025CityNavAgent: Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation with Hierarchical Semantic Planning and Global Memorycited by 30
- 2025Rethinking the Embodied Gap in Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Holistic Study of Physical and Visual Disparitiescited by 24
- 2026AwareVLN: Reasoning with Self-awareness for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 6
- 2026LatentPilot: Scene-Aware Vision-and-Language Navigation by Dreaming Ahead with Latent Visual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026InsightMap: Structured Spatial Modeling for Embodied Multimodal Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026InsightMap: Structured Spatial Modeling for Embodied Multimodal Reasoning29 Sep 2026
- 2026AwareVLN: Reasoning with Self-awareness for Vision-Language Navigation21 May 2026
- 2026LatentPilot: Scene-Aware Vision-and-Language Navigation by Dreaming Ahead with Latent Visual Reasoning31 Mar 2026
- 2025Rethinking the Embodied Gap in Vision-and-Language Navigation: A Holistic Study of Physical and Visual Disparities17 Jul 2025
- 2025CityNavAgent: Aerial Vision-and-Language Navigation with Hierarchical Semantic Planning and Global Memory8 May 2025
- 2023DREAMWALKER: Mental Planning for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 82
- 2025NavMorph: A Self-Evolving World Model for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 41
- 2025AstraNav-World: World Model for Foresight Control and Consistencycited by 17
- 2025NavForesee: A Unified Vision-Language World Model for Hierarchical Planning and Dual-Horizon Navigation Predictioncited by 15
- 2026Towards Dual-Brain Minimal Sufficient Representation for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 0
- 2026Towards Dual-Brain Minimal Sufficient Representation for Vision-Language Navigation25 Jul 2026
- 2025AstraNav-World: World Model for Foresight Control and Consistency25 Dec 2025
- 2025NavForesee: A Unified Vision-Language World Model for Hierarchical Planning and Dual-Horizon Navigation Prediction1 Dec 2025
- 2025NavMorph: A Self-Evolving World Model for Vision-and-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments30 Jun 2025
- 2023DREAMWALKER: Mental Planning for Continuous Vision-Language Navigation14 Aug 2023
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 60
- 2024Cog-GA: A Large Language Models-based Generative Agent for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 3
- 2025NavSpace: How Navigation Agents Follow Spatial Intelligence Instructionscited by 2
- 2026ReflectVLN: Training Vision-Language Navigation Agents with Reflective Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026ReflectVLN: Training Vision-Language Navigation Agents with Reflective Reasoning14 Jul 2026
- 2025NavSpace: How Navigation Agents Follow Spatial Intelligence Instructions9 Oct 2025
- 2024Cog-GA: A Large Language Models-based Generative Agent for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments4 Sep 2024
- 2024Affordances-Oriented Planning using Foundation Models for Continuous Vision-Language Navigation8 Jul 2024
- 2024NaVid: Video-based VLM Plans the Next Step for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 222
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 165
- 2022BEVBert: Multimodal Map Pre-training for Language-guided Navigationcited by 117
- 2023GridMM: Grid Memory Map for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 117
- 2023Scaling Data Generation in Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 115
- 2025JanusVLN: Decoupling Semantics and Spatiality with Dual Implicit Memory for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 80
- 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Today and Tomorrow: A Survey in the Era of Foundation Modelscited by 79
- 2024Lookahead Exploration with Neural Radiance Representation for Continuous Vision-Language Navigationcited by 63
- 2025VLN-R1: Vision-Language Navigation via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 61
- 2023Navigating to Objects Specified by Imagescited by 50
- 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigationcited by 49
- 2024Constraint-Aware Zero-Shot Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 49
12 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026LightNav-0: Eliciting VLM Spatial Intelligence for Generalist Embodied Navigation31 Aug 2026
- 2026MemVLN: Episodic and Procedural Memory for Vision-and-Language Navigation26 Jul 2026
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Model11 Jul 2026
- 2026CoFL-S: Spatially Queryable Sector Flow Fields for Local Language-Conditioned Navigation2 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Waypoints: A Trajectory-Centric Waypointing Paradigm for Vision-Language Navigation5 Jun 2026
- 2026PanoWorld: Towards Spatial Supersensing in 360^circ Panorama World13 May 2026
- 2026LCGNav: Local Candidate-Aware Geometric Enhancement for General Topological Planning in Vision-Language Navigation9 May 2026
- 2026SpaAct: Spatially-Activated Transition Learning with Curriculum Adaptation for Vision-Language Navigation30 Apr 2026
- 2026Dual-Anchoring: Addressing State Drift in Vision-Language Navigation19 Apr 2026
- 2026Structured Observation Language for Efficient and Generalizable Vision-Language Navigation29 Mar 2026
- 2026Semantic Audio-Visual Navigation in Continuous Environments20 Mar 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Diversity-Driven Robust Vision-and-Language Navigation16 Mar 2026
12 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)