mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Subgraph Retrieval Enhanced Model for Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering

arXiv 2202.13296 ↗First posted 27 Feb 2022cs.CLcited by 93

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 31 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent works on knowledge base question answering (KBQA) retrieve subgraphs for easier reasoning. A desired subgraph is crucial as a small one may exclude the answer but a large one might introduce more noises. However, the existing retrieval is either heuristic or interwoven with the reasoning, causing reasoning on the partial subgraphs, which increases the reasoning bias when the intermediate supervision is missing. This paper proposes a trainable subgraph retriever (SR) decoupled from the subsequent reasoning process, which enables a plug-and-play framework to enhance any subgraph-oriented KBQA model. Extensive experiments demonstrate SR achieves significantly better retrieval and QA performance than existing retrieval methods. Via weakly supervised pre-training as well as the end-to-end fine-tuning, SRl achieves new state-of-the-art performance when combined with NSM, a subgraph-oriented reasoner, for embedding-based KBQA methods.

Key facts. Cited by 93 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2022.

Builds on

19 of 33 references.

References · 19

  1. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  2. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
  3. 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,126
  4. 2020Big Bird: Transformers for Longer Sequencescited by 1,673
  5. 2020Leveraging Passage Retrieval with Generative Models for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 1,203
  6. 2018The Web as a Knowledge-base for Answering Complex Questionscited by 409
  7. 2016Key-Value Memory Networks for Directly Reading Documentscited by 223
  8. 2019PullNet: Open Domain Question Answering with Iterative Retrieval on Knowledge Bases and Textcited by 182
  9. 2017Variational Reasoning for Question Answering with Knowledge Graphcited by 170
  10. 2018Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Textcited by 167
  11. 2019Learning to Retrieve Reasoning Paths over Wikipedia Graph for Question Answeringcited by 147
  12. 2021Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Basescited by 107
7 more
  1. 2016Neural Symbolic Machines: Learning Semantic Parsers on Freebase with Weak Supervisioncited by 101
  2. 2021Improving Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering by Learning Intermediate Supervision Signalscited by 100
  3. 2021End-to-End Training of Neural Retrievers for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 75
  4. 2018An Interpretable Reasoning Network for Multi-Relation Question Answeringcited by 47
  5. 2020SPARQA: Skeleton-based Semantic Parsing for Complex Questions over Knowledge Basescited by 47
  6. 2019UHop: An Unrestricted-Hop Relation Extraction Framework for Knowledge-Based Question Answeringcited by 37
  7. 2019Bidirectional Attentive Memory Networks for Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 30

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 23; 2024: 21; 2025: 31; 2026: 13.

93 papers.

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  1. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 663
  2. 2023Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Interpretable Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 326
  3. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
  4. 2024GNN-RAG: Graph Neural Retrieval for Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 128
  5. 2022UniKGQA: Unified Retrieval and Reasoning for Solving Multi-hop Question Answering Over Knowledge Graphcited by 100
  6. 2024KG-Agent: An Efficient Autonomous Agent Framework for Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graphcited by 90
  7. 2022DecAF: Joint Decoding of Answers and Logical Forms for Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 83
  8. 2024Simple Is Effective: The Roles of Graphs and Large Language Models in Knowledge-Graph-Based Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 78
  9. 2022TIARA: Multi-grained Retrieval for Robust Question Answering over Large Knowledge Basescited by 59
  10. 2023KnowledGPT: Enhancing Large Language Models with Retrieval and Storage Access on Knowledge Basescited by 52
  11. 2024Graph-constrained Reasoning: Faithful Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Modelscited by 47
  12. 2023ChatKBQA: A Generate-then-Retrieve Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 44
38 more
  1. 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMscited by 40
  2. 2023Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs Into Large Language Models for Diagnosis Prediction: Design and Application Studycited by 29
  3. 2024Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 25
  4. 2023ReasoningLM: Enabling Structural Subgraph Reasoning in Pre-trained Language Models for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphcited by 23
  5. 2023FC-KBQA: A Fine-to-Coarse Composition Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 21
  6. 2023Memory Injections: Correcting Multi-Hop Reasoning Failures during Inference in Transformer-Based Language Modelscited by 21
  7. 2025KBQA-o1: Agentic Knowledge Base Question Answering with Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 21
  8. 2024Retrieval-enhanced Knowledge Editing in Language Models for Multi-Hop Question Answeringcited by 20
  9. 2023An Empirical Study of Pre-trained Language Models in Simple Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 19
  10. 2024Two-stage Generative Question Answering on Temporal Knowledge Graph Using Large Language Modelscited by 18
  11. 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
  12. 2023Bridging the KB-Text Gap: Leveraging Structured Knowledge-aware Pre-training for KBQAcited by 17
  13. 2025Optimizing the Interface Between Knowledge Graphs and LLMs for Complex Reasoningcited by 17
  14. 2024Enhancing Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs through Evidence Pattern Retrievalcited by 16
  15. 2024TRACE the Evidence: Constructing Knowledge-Grounded Reasoning Chains for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 16
  16. 2023Could Small Language Models Serve as Recommenders? Towards Data-centric Cold-start Recommendationscited by 15
  17. 2025Ontology-Guided Reverse Thinking Makes Large Language Models Stronger on Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 15
  18. 2025LLM/Agent-as-Data-Analyst: A Surveycited by 15
  19. 2024CypherBench: Towards Precise Retrieval over Full-scale Modern Knowledge Graphs in the LLM Eracited by 13
  20. 2025VistaWise: Building Cost-Effective Agent with Cross-Modal Knowledge Graph for Minecraftcited by 13
  21. 2025Bottom-up Domain-specific Superintelligence: A Reliable Knowledge Graph is What We Needcited by 12
  22. 2023Knowledge Crosswords: Geometric Knowledge Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 11
  23. 2024Retrieval-Enhanced Machine Learning: Synthesis and Opportunitiescited by 11
  24. 2025Diagnosing and Addressing Pitfalls in KG-RAG Datasets: Toward More Reliable Benchmarkingcited by 11
  25. 2025Reliable Reasoning Path: Distilling Effective Guidance for LLM Reasoning with Knowledge Graphscited by 9
  26. 2023Message Intercommunication for Inductive Relation Reasoningcited by 8
  27. 2025Reasoning with Graphs: Structuring Implicit Knowledge to Enhance LLMs Reasoningcited by 8
  28. 2025FRAG: A Flexible Modular Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation based on Knowledge Graphscited by 8
  29. 2022Do I have the Knowledge to Answer? Investigating Answerability of Knowledge Base Questionscited by 7
  30. 2023Pay More Attention to Relation Exploration for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 7
  31. 2025EPERM: An Evidence Path Enhanced Reasoning Model for Knowledge Graph Question and Answeringcited by 7
  32. 2025Reason-Align-Respond: Aligning LLM Reasoning with Knowledge Graphs for KGQAcited by 7
  33. 2023Few-shot Transfer Learning for Knowledge Base Question Answering: Fusing Supervised Models with In-Context Learningcited by 6
  34. 2024Generative Subgraph Retrieval for Knowledge Graph-Grounded Dialog Generationcited by 6
  35. 2025DAMR: Efficient and Adaptive Context-Aware Knowledge Graph Question Answering with LLM-Guided MCTScited by 6
  36. 2026GraphWalker: Agentic Knowledge Graph Question Answering via Synthetic Trajectory Curriculumcited by 6
  37. 2022QAGCN: Answering Multi-Relation Questions via Single-Step Implicit Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 5
  38. 2023Minimizing Factual Inconsistency and Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 5

50 most cited of 93 All 93 (JSON)

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  2. 2023Graph Reasoning for Question Answering with Triplet Retrieval
  3. 2025StepChain GraphRAG: Reasoning Over Knowledge Graphs for Multi-Hop Question Answering
  4. 2022Knowledge-enhanced Iterative Instruction Generation and Reasoning for Knowledge Base Question Answering
  5. 2023Relation-Aware Question Answering for Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs
  6. 2023Towards Graph-hop Retrieval and Reasoning in Complex Question Answering over Textual Database
  7. 2025SUBQRAG: Sub-Question Driven Dynamic Graph RAG
  8. 2026Topology-Aware Reasoning over Incomplete Knowledge Graph with Graph-Based Soft Prompting