mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TIARA: Multi-grained Retrieval for Robust Question Answering over Large Knowledge Bases

arXiv 2210.12925 ↗First posted 24 Oct 2022cs.CL cs.AIcited by 59

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have shown their effectiveness in multiple scenarios. However, KBQA remains challenging, especially regarding coverage and generalization settings. This is due to two main factors: i) understanding the semantics of both questions and relevant knowledge from the KB; ii) generating executable logical forms with both semantic and syntactic correctness. In this paper, we present a new KBQA model, TIARA, which addresses those issues by applying multi-grained retrieval to help the PLM focus on the most relevant KB contexts, viz., entities, exemplary logical forms, and schema items. Moreover, constrained decoding is used to control the output space and reduce generation errors. Experiments over important benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. TIARA outperforms previous SOTA, including those using PLMs or oracle entity annotations, by at least 4.1 and 1.1 F1 points on GrailQA and WebQuestionsSP, respectively.

Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2022.

Builds on

32 of 47 references.

References · 32

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  4. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  5. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  6. 2021PICARD: Parsing Incrementally for Constrained Auto-Regressive Decoding from Language Modelscited by 402
  7. 2019Measuring Compositional Generalization: A Comprehensive Method on Realistic Datacited by 280
  8. 2022UnifiedSKG: Unifying and Multi-Tasking Structured Knowledge Grounding with Text-to-Text Language Modelscited by 231
  9. 2019PullNet: Open Domain Question Answering with Iterative Retrieval on Knowledge Bases and Textcited by 182
  10. 2020Beyond I.I.D.: Three Levels of Generalization for Question Answering on Knowledge Basescited by 169
  11. 2018Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Textcited by 167
  12. 2021Constrained Language Models Yield Few-Shot Semantic Parserscited by 162
20 more
  1. 2022Synchromesh: Reliable code generation from pre-trained language modelscited by 156
  2. 2022MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoningcited by 153
  3. 2021Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Basescited by 107
  4. 2016Neural Symbolic Machines: Learning Semantic Parsers on Freebase with Weak Supervisioncited by 101
  5. 2021Improving Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering by Learning Intermediate Supervision Signalscited by 100
  6. 2022Subgraph Retrieval Enhanced Model for Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 93
  7. 2021RnG-KBQA: Generation Augmented Iterative Ranking for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 86
  8. 2020KQA Pro: A Dataset with Explicit Compositional Programs for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Basecited by 76
  9. 2020Efficient One-Pass End-to-End Entity Linking for Questionscited by 76
  10. 2020UniK-QA: Unified Representations of Structured and Unstructured Knowledge for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 61
  11. 2021TransferNet: An Effective and Transparent Framework for Multi-hop Question Answering over Relation Graphcited by 60
  12. 2021SpanNER: Named Entity Re-/Recognition as Span Predictioncited by 55
  13. 2021Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Surveycited by 52
  14. 2022ArcaneQA: Dynamic Program Induction and Contextualized Encoding for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 48
  15. 2019UHop: An Unrestricted-Hop Relation Extraction Framework for Knowledge-Based Question Answeringcited by 37
  16. 2021Program Transfer for Answering Complex Questions over Knowledge Basescited by 34
  17. 2022kNN-Prompt: Nearest Neighbor Zero-Shot Inferencecited by 27
  18. 2021Entity Linking Meets Deep Learning: Techniques and Solutionscited by 21
  19. 2019Neural Mention Detectioncited by 6
  20. 2021BoningKnife: Joint Entity Mention Detection and Typing for Nested NER via prior Boundary Knowledgecited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 18; 2024: 19; 2025: 13; 2026: 7.

59 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 352
  2. 2023Think-on-Graph: Deep and Responsible Reasoning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graphcited by 235
  3. 2024KG-Agent: An Efficient Autonomous Agent Framework for Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graphcited by 90
  4. 2023Retrieving Multimodal Information for Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 84
  5. 2024Plan-on-Graph: Self-Correcting Adaptive Planning of Large Language Model on Knowledge Graphscited by 77
  6. 2023Few-shot In-context Learning for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 74
  7. 2024Agents in Software Engineering: Survey, Landscape, and Visioncited by 60
  8. 2022Don't Generate, Discriminate: A Proposal for Grounding Language Models to Real-World Environmentscited by 57
  9. 2023FlexKBQA: A Flexible LLM-Powered Framework for Few-Shot Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 51
  10. 2023ChatKBQA: A Generate-then-Retrieve Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 44
  11. 2024Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphscited by 38
  12. 2024Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 25
38 more
  1. 2023FC-KBQA: A Fine-to-Coarse Composition Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 21
  2. 2025KBQA-o1: Agentic Knowledge Base Question Answering with Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 21
  3. 2024SciER: An Entity and Relation Extraction Dataset for Datasets, Methods, and Tasks in Scientific Documentscited by 20
  4. 2023keqing: knowledge-based question answering is a nature chain-of-thought mentor of LLMcited by 16
  5. 2024Enhancing Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs through Evidence Pattern Retrievalcited by 16
  6. 2024EffiQA: Efficient Question-Answering with Strategic Multi-Model Collaboration on Knowledge Graphscited by 14
  7. 2023Code-Style In-Context Learning for Knowledge-Based Question Answeringcited by 13
  8. 2023Knowledge Crosswords: Geometric Knowledge Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 11
  9. 2023The Effect of Scaling, Retrieval Augmentation and Form on the Factual Consistency of Language Modelscited by 11
  10. 2023Bring Your Own KG: Self-Supervised Program Synthesis for Zero-Shot KGQAcited by 11
  11. 2024Right for Right Reasons: Large Language Models for Verifiable Commonsense Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 11
  12. 2025Beyond Seen Data: Improving KBQA Generalization Through Schema-Guided Logical Form Generationcited by 8
  13. 2022Do I have the Knowledge to Answer? Investigating Answerability of Knowledge Base Questionscited by 7
  14. 2023MarkQA: A large scale KBQA dataset with numerical reasoningcited by 6
  15. 2023Few-shot Transfer Learning for Knowledge Base Question Answering: Fusing Supervised Models with In-Context Learningcited by 6
  16. 2025MCTS-KBQA: Monte Carlo Tree Search with Information Gain Rewards for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 6
  17. 2024Self-Improvement Programming for Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 5
  18. 2024Relational Prompt-based Pre-trained Language Models for Social Event Detectioncited by 5
  19. 2024SPARKLE: Enhancing SPARQL Generation with Direct KG Integration in Decodingcited by 5
  20. 2024Towards Trustworthy Knowledge Graph Reasoning: An Uncertainty Aware Perspectivecited by 5
  21. 2024TARGA: Targeted Synthetic Data Generation for Practical Reasoning over Structured Datacited by 5
  22. 2025KERAG: Knowledge-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Advanced Question Answeringcited by 5
  23. 2023Data Distribution Bottlenecks in Grounding Language Models to Knowledge Basescited by 3
  24. 2025CLEAR-KGQA: Clarification-Enhanced Ambiguity Resolution for Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 3
  25. 2025Enhancing Large Language Models with Reward-guided Tree Search for Knowledge Graph Question and Answeringcited by 3
  26. 2025Advancing Multi-Agent RAG Systems with Minimalist Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  27. 2025KBQA-R1: Reinforcing Large Language Models for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 3
  28. 2026CoG: Controllable Graph Reasoning via Relational Blueprints and Failure-Aware Refinement over Knowledge Graphscited by 3
  29. 2023Fine-tuned LLMs Know More, Hallucinate Less with Few-Shot Sequence-to-Sequence Semantic Parsing over Wikidatacited by 2
  30. 2023Text-To-KG Alignment: Comparing Current Methods on Classification Taskscited by 2
  31. 2023All Data on the Table: Novel Dataset and Benchmark for Cross-Modality Scientific Information Extractioncited by 2
  32. 2024RetinaQA: A Robust Knowledge Base Question Answering Model for both Answerable and Unanswerable Questionscited by 2
  33. 2026Code-on-Graph: Iterative Programmatic Reasoning via Large Language Models on Knowledge Graphscited by 2
  34. 2024Compositional Generalization with Grounded Language Modelscited by 1
  35. 2024Iterative Repair with Weak Verifiers for Few-shot Transfer in KBQA with Unanswerabilitycited by 1
  36. 2024Semantic Parsing with Candidate Expressions for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 1
  37. 2025KnowCoder-V2: Deep Knowledge Analysiscited by 1
  38. 2025Pandora: Leveraging Code-driven Knowledge Transfer for Unified Structured Knowledge Reasoningcited by 1

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)