mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Variational Reasoning for Question Answering with Knowledge Graph

arXiv 1709.04071 ↗First posted 12 Sep 2017cs.LG cs.AI cs.CLcited by 170

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 27 in LLM reasoning, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Knowledge graph (KG) is known to be helpful for the task of question answering (QA), since it provides well-structured relational information between entities, and allows one to further infer indirect facts. However, it is challenging to build QA systems which can learn to reason over knowledge graphs based on question-answer pairs alone. First, when people ask questions, their expressions are noisy (for example, typos in texts, or variations in pronunciations), which is non-trivial for the QA system to match those mentioned entities to the knowledge graph. Second, many questions require multi-hop logic reasoning over the knowledge graph to retrieve the answers. To address these challenges, we propose a novel and unified deep learning architecture, and an end-to-end variational learning algorithm which can handle noise in questions, and learn multi-hop reasoning simultaneously. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on a recent benchmark dataset in the literature. We also derive a series of new benchmark datasets, including questions for multi-hop reasoning, questions paraphrased by neural translation model, and questions in human voice. Our method yields very promising results on all these challenging datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 170 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Sep 2017.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 41; 2022: 30; 2023: 24; 2024: 26; 2025: 26; 2026: 23.

170 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Datacited by 339
  2. 2023Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Interpretable Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 326
  3. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
  4. 2023GPT4Graph: Can Large Language Models Understand Graph Structured Data ? An Empirical Evaluation and Benchmarkingcited by 209
  5. 2024GNN-RAG: Graph Neural Retrieval for Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 128
  6. 2021Improving Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering by Learning Intermediate Supervision Signalscited by 100
  7. 2022UniKGQA: Unified Retrieval and Reasoning for Solving Multi-hop Question Answering Over Knowledge Graphcited by 100
  8. 2021Question Answering Over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 99
  9. 2023LLMs for Knowledge Graph Construction and Reasoning: Recent Capabilities and Future Opportunitiescited by 97
  10. 2022Subgraph Retrieval Enhanced Model for Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 93
  11. 2021Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Relational Digraphcited by 91
  12. 2024KG-Agent: An Efficient Autonomous Agent Framework for Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graphcited by 90
38 more
  1. 2021RnG-KBQA: Generation Augmented Iterative Ranking for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 86
  2. 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Modelscited by 85
  3. 2021A Survey on Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: Methods, Challenges and Solutionscited by 77
  4. 2022Sequence-to-Sequence Knowledge Graph Completion and Question Answeringcited by 75
  5. 2023Few-shot In-context Learning for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 74
  6. 2021TimeTraveler: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 67
  7. 2024Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey on How to Make your LLMs use External Data More Wiselycited by 65
  8. 2023Retrieve-Rewrite-Answer: A KG-to-Text Enhanced LLMs Framework for Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 64
  9. 2021TransferNet: An Effective and Transparent Framework for Multi-hop Question Answering over Relation Graphcited by 60
  10. 2021Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Surveycited by 52
  11. 2022A Decade of Knowledge Graphs in Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 40
  12. 2024Middleware for LLMs: Tools Are Instrumental for Language Agents in Complex Environmentscited by 39
  13. 2021Program Transfer for Answering Complex Questions over Knowledge Basescited by 34
  14. 2022Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training with Knowledge Graphscited by 34
  15. 2023KG-GPT: A General Framework for Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs Using Large Language Modelscited by 32
  16. 2022Knowledge Base Question Answering by Case-based Reasoning over Subgraphscited by 31
  17. 2024Text2Cypher: Bridging Natural Language and Graph Databasescited by 30
  18. 2023Logical Message Passing Networks with One-hop Inference on Atomic Formulascited by 28
  19. 2024A Survey of Useful LLM Evaluationcited by 28
  20. 2024Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Large Language Models via Path Selectioncited by 28
  21. 2022SKILL: Structured Knowledge Infusion for Large Language Modelscited by 27
  22. 2022Challenges and Opportunities in Deep Reinforcement Learning with Graph Neural Networks: A Comprehensive review of Algorithms and Applicationscited by 27
  23. 2021Multi-Step Reasoning Over Unstructured Text with Beam Dense Retrievalcited by 25
  24. 2024Question Calibration and Multi-Hop Modeling for Temporal Question Answeringcited by 25
  25. 2024Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Modelscited by 25
  26. 2021Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs with Transformer and Graph Attention Networkscited by 24
  27. 2022Relational Memory Augmented Language Modelscited by 24
  28. 2021Cycle Representation Learning for Inductive Relation Predictioncited by 23
  29. 2023ReasoningLM: Enabling Structural Subgraph Reasoning in Pre-trained Language Models for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphcited by 23
  30. 2023KnowledgeNavigator: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced Reasoning over Knowledge Graphcited by 22
  31. 2021GNN is a Counter? Revisiting GNN for Question Answeringcited by 21
  32. 2023Normalizing Flow-based Neural Process for Few-Shot Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 19
  33. 2024InfuserKI: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs via Infuser-Guided Knowledge Integrationcited by 19
  34. 2021Reasoning Over Virtual Knowledge Bases With Open Predicate Relationscited by 18
  35. 2021Reinforcement Learning from Reformulations in Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphscited by 18
  36. 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
  37. 2021UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Textcited by 17
  38. 2021Question Answering Survey: Directions, Challenges, Datasets, Evaluation Matricescited by 17

50 most cited of 170 All 170 (JSON)