SparsePoser: Real-time Full-body Motion Reconstruction from Sparse Data
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Abstract (arXiv)
Accurate and reliable human motion reconstruction is crucial for creating natural interactions of full-body avatars in Virtual Reality (VR) and entertainment applications. As the Metaverse and social applications gain popularity, users are seeking cost-effective solutions to create full-body animations that are comparable in quality to those produced by commercial motion capture systems. In order to provide affordable solutions, though, it is important to minimize the number of sensors attached to the subject's body. Unfortunately, reconstructing the full-body pose from sparse data is a heavily under-determined problem. Some studies that use IMU sensors face challenges in reconstructing the pose due to positional drift and ambiguity of the poses. In recent years, some mainstream VR systems have released 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) tracking devices providing positional and rotational information. Nevertheless, most solutions for reconstructing full-body poses rely on traditional inverse kinematics (IK) solutions, which often produce non-continuous and unnatural poses. In this article, we introduce SparsePoser, a novel deep learning-based solution for reconstructing a full-body pose from a reduced set of six tracking devices. Our system incorporates a convolutional-based autoencoder that synthesizes high-quality continuous human poses by learning the human motion manifold from motion capture data. Then, we employ a learned IK component, made of multiple lightweight feed-forward neural networks, to adjust the hands and feet toward the corresponding trackers. We extensively evaluate our method on publicly available motion capture datasets and with real-time live demos. We show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques using IMU sensors or 6-DoF tracking devices, and can be used for users with different body dimensions and proportions.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2023.
Builds on
27 of 57 references.
References · 27
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
- 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
- 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,186
- 2022Physical Inertial Poser (PIP): Physics-aware Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 144
- 2020Skeleton-Aware Networks for Deep Motion Retargetingcited by 118
- 2017Sparse Inertial Poser: Automatic 3D Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMUscited by 108
- 2018QuaterNet: A Quaternion-based Recurrent Model for Human Motioncited by 108
- 2022AvatarPoser: Articulated Full-Body Pose Tracking from Sparse Motion Sensingcited by 107
- 2020Monocular Real-time Hand Shape and Motion Capture using Multi-modal Datacited by 106
- 2020Unpaired Motion Style Transfer from Video to Animationcited by 94
- 2022Transformer Inertial Poser: Real-time Human Motion Reconstruction from Sparse IMUs with Simultaneous Terrain Generationcited by 75
15 more
- 2022QuestSim: Human Motion Tracking from Sparse Sensors with Simulated Avatarscited by 74
- 2022FLAG: Flow-based 3D Avatar Generation from Sparse Observationscited by 54
- 2023EgoLocate: Real-time Motion Capture, Localization, and Mapping with Sparse Body-mounted Sensorscited by 48
- 2019Modeling Human Motion with Quaternion-based Neural Networkscited by 45
- 2021LoBSTr: Real-time Lower-body Pose Prediction from Sparse Upper-body Tracking Signalscited by 45
- 2021SOMA: Solving Optical Marker-Based MoCap Automaticallycited by 30
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- 2017Learning Local Shape Descriptors from Part Correspondences With Multi-view Convolutional Networkscited by 17
- 2021IKFlow: Generating Diverse Inverse Kinematics Solutionscited by 15
- 2022Combining Motion Matching and Orientation Prediction to Animate Avatars for Consumer-Grade VR Devicescited by 13
- 2021Pose Representations for Deep Skeletal Animationcited by 4
- 2022Neural Inverse Kinematicscited by 4
- 2021Learning-based pose edition for efficient and interactive designcited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 7.
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- 2025GENMO: A GENeralist Model for Human MOtioncited by 43
- 2023I'M HOI: Inertia-aware Monocular Capture of 3D Human-Object Interactionscited by 42
- 2024EgoLM: Multi-Modal Language Model of Egocentric Motionscited by 28
- 2024HMD-Poser: On-Device Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Scalable Sparse Observationscited by 22
- 2025MobilePoser: Real-Time Full-Body Pose Estimation and 3D Human Translation from IMUs in Mobile Consumer Devicescited by 20
- 2024Deep learning for 3D human pose estimation and mesh recovery: A surveycited by 11
- 2024EnvPoser: Environment-aware Realistic Human Motion Estimation from Sparse Observations with Uncertainty Modelingcited by 11
- 2025UMotion: Uncertainty-driven Human Motion Estimation from Inertial and Ultra-wideband Unitscited by 5
- 2024DragPoser: Motion Reconstruction from Variable Sparse Tracking Signals via Latent Space Optimizationcited by 3
- 2025ASMR: Adaptive Skeleton-Mesh Rigging and Skinning via 2D Generative Priorcited by 2
- 2024ELMO: Enhanced Real-time LiDAR Motion Capture through Upsamplingcited by 1
- 2026Physical Self-Supervised Learning: IMU Sensing without Manual Labelscited by 1
8 more
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 0
- 2025Step2Motion: Locomotion Reconstruction from Pressure Sensing Insolescited by 0
- 2026Garment Inertial Denoiser (GID): Endowing Accurate Motion Capture via Loose IMU Denoisercited by 0
- 2026Dancing Points: Synthesizing Ballroom Dancing with Three-Point Inputscited by 0
- 2026EgoPoseVR: Spatiotemporal Multi-Modal Reasoning for Egocentric Full-Body Pose in Virtual Realitycited by 0
- 2026Int3DNet: Scene-Motion Cross Attention Network for 3D Intention Prediction in Mixed Realitycited by 0
- 2026Amortized Inverse Kinematics via Graph Attention for Real-Time Human Avatar Animationcited by 0
- 2026Classifying daily activities needs posture, reconstructing them needs motioncited by 0
- 2026Physical Self-Supervised Learning: IMU Sensing without Manual Labels20 Jul 2026
- 2026Classifying daily activities needs posture, reconstructing them needs motion14 Jul 2026
- 2026Amortized Inverse Kinematics via Graph Attention for Real-Time Human Avatar Animation17 Apr 2026
- 2026Int3DNet: Scene-Motion Cross Attention Network for 3D Intention Prediction in Mixed Reality9 Mar 2026
- 2026EgoPoseVR: Spatiotemporal Multi-Modal Reasoning for Egocentric Full-Body Pose in Virtual Reality5 Feb 2026
- 2026Dancing Points: Synthesizing Ballroom Dancing with Three-Point Inputs5 Jan 2026
- 2026Garment Inertial Denoiser (GID): Endowing Accurate Motion Capture via Loose IMU Denoiser4 Jan 2026
- 2025Step2Motion: Locomotion Reconstruction from Pressure Sensing Insoles26 Oct 2025
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensors20 Oct 2025
- 2025UMotion: Uncertainty-driven Human Motion Estimation from Inertial and Ultra-wideband Units14 May 2025
- 2025GENMO: A GENeralist Model for Human MOtion2 May 2025
- 2025MobilePoser: Real-Time Full-Body Pose Estimation and 3D Human Translation from IMUs in Mobile Consumer Devices16 Apr 2025
8 more
- 2025ASMR: Adaptive Skeleton-Mesh Rigging and Skinning via 2D Generative Prior17 Mar 2025
- 2024EnvPoser: Environment-aware Realistic Human Motion Estimation from Sparse Observations with Uncertainty Modeling13 Dec 2024
- 2024ELMO: Enhanced Real-time LiDAR Motion Capture through Upsampling9 Oct 2024
- 2024EgoLM: Multi-Modal Language Model of Egocentric Motions26 Sep 2024
- 2024DragPoser: Motion Reconstruction from Variable Sparse Tracking Signals via Latent Space Optimization29 Apr 2024
- 2024HMD-Poser: On-Device Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Scalable Sparse Observations6 Mar 2024
- 2024Deep learning for 3D human pose estimation and mesh recovery: A survey29 Feb 2024
- 2023I'M HOI: Inertia-aware Monocular Capture of 3D Human-Object Interactions10 Dec 2023
- 2024EgoLM: Multi-Modal Language Model of Egocentric Motionscited by 28
- 2024EgoLM: Multi-Modal Language Model of Egocentric Motions26 Sep 2024
- 2025GENMO: A GENeralist Model for Human MOtioncited by 43
- 2023I'M HOI: Inertia-aware Monocular Capture of 3D Human-Object Interactionscited by 42
- 2024HMD-Poser: On-Device Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Scalable Sparse Observationscited by 22
- 2025MobilePoser: Real-Time Full-Body Pose Estimation and 3D Human Translation from IMUs in Mobile Consumer Devicescited by 20
- 2024Deep learning for 3D human pose estimation and mesh recovery: A surveycited by 11
- 2024EnvPoser: Environment-aware Realistic Human Motion Estimation from Sparse Observations with Uncertainty Modelingcited by 11
- 2025UMotion: Uncertainty-driven Human Motion Estimation from Inertial and Ultra-wideband Unitscited by 5
- 2024DragPoser: Motion Reconstruction from Variable Sparse Tracking Signals via Latent Space Optimizationcited by 3
- 2025ASMR: Adaptive Skeleton-Mesh Rigging and Skinning via 2D Generative Priorcited by 2
- 2024ELMO: Enhanced Real-time LiDAR Motion Capture through Upsamplingcited by 1
- 2026Physical Self-Supervised Learning: IMU Sensing without Manual Labelscited by 1
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensorscited by 0
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Physical Self-Supervised Learning: IMU Sensing without Manual Labels20 Jul 2026
- 2026Classifying daily activities needs posture, reconstructing them needs motion14 Jul 2026
- 2026Amortized Inverse Kinematics via Graph Attention for Real-Time Human Avatar Animation17 Apr 2026
- 2026Int3DNet: Scene-Motion Cross Attention Network for 3D Intention Prediction in Mixed Reality9 Mar 2026
- 2026EgoPoseVR: Spatiotemporal Multi-Modal Reasoning for Egocentric Full-Body Pose in Virtual Reality5 Feb 2026
- 2026Dancing Points: Synthesizing Ballroom Dancing with Three-Point Inputs5 Jan 2026
- 2026Garment Inertial Denoiser (GID): Endowing Accurate Motion Capture via Loose IMU Denoiser4 Jan 2026
- 2025Step2Motion: Locomotion Reconstruction from Pressure Sensing Insoles26 Oct 2025
- 2025Shape-aware Inertial Poser: Motion Tracking for Humans with Diverse Shapes Using Sparse Inertial Sensors20 Oct 2025
- 2025UMotion: Uncertainty-driven Human Motion Estimation from Inertial and Ultra-wideband Units14 May 2025
- 2025GENMO: A GENeralist Model for Human MOtion2 May 2025
- 2025MobilePoser: Real-Time Full-Body Pose Estimation and 3D Human Translation from IMUs in Mobile Consumer Devices16 Apr 2025
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)