Learning from Synthetic Data for Crowd Counting in the Wild
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, counting the number of people for crowd scenes is a hot topic because of its widespread applications (e.g. video surveillance, public security). It is a difficult task in the wild: changeable environment, large-range number of people cause the current methods can not work well. In addition, due to the scarce data, many methods suffer from over-fitting to a different extent. To remedy the above two problems, firstly, we develop a data collector and labeler, which can generate the synthetic crowd scenes and simultaneously annotate them without any manpower. Based on it, we build a large-scale, diverse synthetic dataset. Secondly, we propose two schemes that exploit the synthetic data to boost the performance of crowd counting in the wild: 1) pretrain a crowd counter on the synthetic data, then finetune it using the real data, which significantly prompts the model's performance on real data; 2) propose a crowd counting method via domain adaptation, which can free humans from heavy data annotations. Extensive experiments show that the first method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on four real datasets, and the second outperforms our baselines. The dataset and source code are available at https://gjy3035.github.io/GCC-CL/.
Key facts. Cited by 148 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 36; 2022: 36; 2023: 26; 2024: 22; 2025: 16; 2026: 12.
148 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021Learning To Count Everythingcited by 149
- 2023Machine Learning for Synthetic Data Generation: A Reviewcited by 118
- 2021SynFace: Face Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 106
- 2024Why Tabular Foundation Models Should Be a Research Prioritycited by 103
- 2022An End-to-End Transformer Model for Crowd Localizationcited by 74
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2021TransCrowd: weakly-supervised crowd counting with transformerscited by 61
- 2022Rethinking Spatial Invariance of Convolutional Networks for Object Countingcited by 54
- 2023STEERER: Resolving Scale Variations for Counting and Localization via Selective Inheritance Learningcited by 41
- 2021Spatial Uncertainty-Aware Semi-Supervised Crowd Countingcited by 38
- 2024Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Applicationscited by 37
- 2021Focal Inverse Distance Transform Maps for Crowd Localizationcited by 36
38 more
- 2022Exemplar Free Class Agnostic Countingcited by 32
- 2023Can You Rely on Your Model Evaluation? Improving Model Evaluation with Synthetic Test Datacited by 31
- 2021CCTrans: Simplifying and Improving Crowd Counting with Transformercited by 30
- 2023Beyond Privacy: Navigating the Opportunities and Challenges of Synthetic Datacited by 29
- 2022Deformation and Correspondence Aware Unsupervised Synthetic-to-Real Scene Flow Estimation for Point Cloudscited by 28
- 2022Cross-View Cross-Scene Multi-View Crowd Countingcited by 28
- 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Surveycited by 28
- 2021Human-Aided Saliency Maps Improve Generalization of Deep Learningcited by 27
- 2024Position: Measure Dataset Diversity, Don't Just Claim Itcited by 26
- 2021Leveraging Self-Supervision for Cross-Domain Crowd Countingcited by 24
- 2023Calibrating Uncertainty for Semi-Supervised Crowd Countingcited by 22
- 2022Domain-General Crowd Counting in Unseen Scenarioscited by 20
- 2023CrowdDiff: Multi-hypothesis Crowd Density Estimation using Diffusion Modelscited by 20
- 2021Less is More: Learning from Synthetic Data with Fine-grained Attributes for Person Re-Identificationcited by 19
- 2024Single Domain Generalization for Crowd Countingcited by 17
- 2022Revisiting Crowd Counting: State-of-the-art, Trends, and Future Perspectivescited by 16
- 2021Crowd Counting via Perspective-Guided Fractional-Dilation Convolutioncited by 15
- 2021Variational Attention: Propagating Domain-Specific Knowledge for Multi-Domain Learning in Crowd Countingcited by 15
- 2022Backbones-Review: Feature Extraction Networks for Deep Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachescited by 15
- 2022Synthetic Data Supervised Salient Object Detectioncited by 15
- 2023Counting Crowds in Bad Weathercited by 14
- 2023Boosting Detection in Crowd Analysis via Underutilized Output Featurescited by 14
- 2024NWPU-MOC: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Multi-category Object Counting in Aerial Imagescited by 14
- 2021Adaptive Boosting for Domain Adaptation: Towards Robust Predictions in Scene Segmentationcited by 13
- 2021Audio-visual Representation Learning for Anomaly Events Detection in Crowdscited by 13
- 2023AI-Generated Images as Data Source: The Dawn of Synthetic Eracited by 13
- 2021VersatileGait: A Large-Scale Synthetic Gait Dataset with Fine-GrainedAttributes and Complicated Scenarioscited by 12
- 2021Scene-Adaptive Attention Network for Crowd Countingcited by 12
- 2023DAOT: Domain-Agnostically Aligned Optimal Transport for Domain-Adaptive Crowd Countingcited by 12
- 2021Let There be Light: Improved Traffic Surveillance via Detail Preserving Night-to-Day Transfercited by 11
- 2021Adaptive Convolutions with Per-pixel Dynamic Filter Atomcited by 11
- 2021Dense Point Prediction: A Simple Baseline for Crowd Counting and Localizationcited by 10
- 2021Coarse to Fine: Domain Adaptive Crowd Counting via Adversarial Scoring Networkcited by 10
- 2023Designing a Hybrid Neural System to Learn Real-world Crack Segmentation from Fractal-based Simulationcited by 10
- 2022Attribute Descent: Simulating Object-Centric Datasets on the Content Level and Beyondcited by 9
- 2022Forget Less, Count Better: A Domain-Incremental Self-Distillation Learning Benchmark for Lifelong Crowd Countingcited by 9
- 2022Backdoor Attacks on Crowd Countingcited by 9
- 2021Rethinking Global Context in Crowd Countingcited by 8
50 most cited of 148 All 148 (JSON)
- 2026VesselBench-800K: A Large-scale Perception Benchmark for Multimodal Vessel Detection, Counting, and Density Estimation29 Sep 2026
- 2026RECOUNT: Reference-guided Counting with Synthetic Visual Exemplars20 Aug 2026
- 2026G-MAD: A Game-Based Data Generation Framework for Multi-View RGB-T Aerial Object Detection22 Jul 2026
- 2026DenseControl: Instance-Level Controllable Synthesis of Dense Crowd Image14 Jun 2026
- 2026Pix2Pix-Hybrid: Structure-Guided Conditional Synthesis of Hajj Crowd Images with Multi-Channel Conditioning and Weak Attribute Supervision12 Jun 2026
- 2026Granular Ball Guided Stable Latent Domain Discovery for Domain-General Crowd Counting25 Mar 2026
- 2026SynMVCrowd: A Large Synthetic Benchmark for Multi-view Crowd Counting and Localization25 Mar 2026
- 2026HyPER-GAN: Hybrid Patch-Based Image-to-Image Translation for Real-Time Photorealism Enhancement in Game Engines11 Mar 2026
- 2026Harnessing Synthetic Data from Generative AI for Statistical Inference5 Mar 2026
- 2026UNICBench: UNIfied Counting Benchmark for MLLM28 Feb 2026
- 2026FSCA-Net: Feature-Separated Cross-Attention Network for Robust Multi-Dataset Training2 Feb 2026
- 2026Video Individual Counting and Tracking from Moving Drones: A Benchmark and Methods18 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2025Semi-Supervised Multi-View Crowd Counting by Ranking Multi-View Fusion Models18 Dec 2025
- 2025Unconsciously Forget: Mitigating Memorization; Without Knowing What is being Memorized10 Dec 2025
- 2025Exploring Scale Shift in Crowd Localization under the Context of Domain Generalization22 Oct 2025
- 2025Real-Time Crowd Counting for Embedded Systems with Lightweight Architecture15 Oct 2025
- 2025Using Images from a Video Game to Improve the Detection of Truck Axles30 Sep 2025
- 2025Foggy Crowd Counting: Combining Physical Priors and KAN-Graph29 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Conditional Feature Alignment for Cross-Domain Counting20 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking BPS: A Utility-Based Evaluation Framework28 May 2025
- 2025Point-to-Region Loss for Semi-Supervised Point-Based Crowd Counting28 May 2025
- 2025Single Domain Generalization for Few-Shot Counting via Universal Representation Matching22 May 2025
- 2025Rethinking Cell Counting Methods: Decoupling Counting and Localization18 Mar 2025
- 2025L2HCount:Generalizing Crowd Counting from Low to High Crowd Density via Density Simulation17 Mar 2025
- 2025DLA-Count: Dynamic Label Assignment Network for Dense Cell Distribution Counting15 Mar 2025
- 2025A Survey on Class-Agnostic Counting: Advancements from Reference-Based to Open-World Text-Guided Approaches31 Jan 2025
- 2025Mamba-MOC: A Multicategory Remote Object Counting via State Space Model12 Jan 2025
- 2025ANTHROPOS-V: benchmarking the novel task of Crowd Volume Estimation3 Jan 2025
- 2024Impact of color and mixing proportion of synthetic point clouds on semantic segmentation26 Dec 2024
- 2024Improving Object Detection by Modifying Synthetic Data with Explainable AI2 Dec 2024
- 2024AnySynth: Harnessing the Power of Image Synthetic Data Generation for Generalized Vision-Language Tasks24 Nov 2024
- 2024Analysis of Classifier Training on Synthetic Data for Cross-Domain Datasets30 Oct 2024
- 2024AgRegNet: A Deep Regression Network for Flower and Fruit Density Estimation, Localization, and Counting in Orchards25 Sep 2024
- 2024Boosting Adverse Weather Crowd Counting via Multi-queue Contrastive Learning12 Aug 2024
- 2024CrowdMAC: Masked Crowd Density Completion for Robust Crowd Density Forecasting20 Jul 2024
- 2024Position: Measure Dataset Diversity, Don't Just Claim It11 Jul 2024
- 2024Auto Cherry-Picker: Learning from High-quality Generative Data Driven by Language28 Jun 2024
- 2024Improving Object Detector Training on Synthetic Data by Starting With a Strong Baseline Methodology30 May 2024
- 2024ComFace: Facial Representation Learning with Synthetic Data for Comparing Faces25 May 2024
- 2024Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Applications17 May 2024
- 2024Why Tabular Foundation Models Should Be a Research Priority2 May 2024
- 2024Single Domain Generalization for Crowd Counting14 Mar 2024
- 2024Robust Zero-Shot Crowd Counting and Localization With Adaptive Resolution SAM27 Feb 2024
- 2024Semi-supervised Counting via Pixel-by-pixel Density Distribution Modelling23 Feb 2024
- 2024Virtual Classification: Modulating Domain-Specific Knowledge for Multidomain Crowd Counting6 Feb 2024
- 2024AdaTreeFormer: Few Shot Domain Adaptation for Tree Counting from a Single High-Resolution Image5 Feb 2024
- 2024Vehicle Perception from Satellite1 Feb 2024
- 2024Diffusion-based Data Augmentation for Object Counting Problems25 Jan 2024
- 2024NWPU-MOC: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Multi-category Object Counting in Aerial Images19 Jan 2024
- 2024StarCraftImage: A Dataset For Prototyping Spatial Reasoning Methods For Multi-Agent Environments9 Jan 2024
50 newest of 148 All 148 (JSON)
- 2023CrowdDiff: Multi-hypothesis Crowd Density Estimation using Diffusion Modelscited by 20
- 2023Semantic Generative Augmentations for Few-Shot Countingcited by 6
- 2024Diffusion-based Data Augmentation for Object Counting Problemscited by 5
- 2024Auto Cherry-Picker: Learning from High-quality Generative Data Driven by Languagecited by 4
- 2024AnySynth: Harnessing the Power of Image Synthetic Data Generation for Generalized Vision-Language Taskscited by 4
- 2023PromptMix: Text-to-image diffusion models enhance the performance of lightweight networkscited by 3
- 2024AnySynth: Harnessing the Power of Image Synthetic Data Generation for Generalized Vision-Language Tasks24 Nov 2024
- 2024Auto Cherry-Picker: Learning from High-quality Generative Data Driven by Language28 Jun 2024
- 2024Diffusion-based Data Augmentation for Object Counting Problems25 Jan 2024
- 2023Semantic Generative Augmentations for Few-Shot Counting26 Oct 2023
- 2023CrowdDiff: Multi-hypothesis Crowd Density Estimation using Diffusion Models22 Mar 2023
- 2023PromptMix: Text-to-image diffusion models enhance the performance of lightweight networks30 Jan 2023
- 2026UNICBench: UNIfied Counting Benchmark for MLLMcited by 3
- 2026UNICBench: UNIfied Counting Benchmark for MLLM28 Feb 2026
- 2021Learning To Count Everythingcited by 149
- 2023Machine Learning for Synthetic Data Generation: A Reviewcited by 118
- 2021SynFace: Face Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 106
- 2024Why Tabular Foundation Models Should Be a Research Prioritycited by 103
- 2022An End-to-End Transformer Model for Crowd Localizationcited by 74
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2021TransCrowd: weakly-supervised crowd counting with transformerscited by 61
- 2022Rethinking Spatial Invariance of Convolutional Networks for Object Countingcited by 54
- 2023STEERER: Resolving Scale Variations for Counting and Localization via Selective Inheritance Learningcited by 41
- 2021Spatial Uncertainty-Aware Semi-Supervised Crowd Countingcited by 38
- 2024Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Applicationscited by 37
- 2021Focal Inverse Distance Transform Maps for Crowd Localizationcited by 36
12 most cited of 138 All 138 (JSON)
- 2026VesselBench-800K: A Large-scale Perception Benchmark for Multimodal Vessel Detection, Counting, and Density Estimation29 Sep 2026
- 2026RECOUNT: Reference-guided Counting with Synthetic Visual Exemplars20 Aug 2026
- 2026G-MAD: A Game-Based Data Generation Framework for Multi-View RGB-T Aerial Object Detection22 Jul 2026
- 2026DenseControl: Instance-Level Controllable Synthesis of Dense Crowd Image14 Jun 2026
- 2026Pix2Pix-Hybrid: Structure-Guided Conditional Synthesis of Hajj Crowd Images with Multi-Channel Conditioning and Weak Attribute Supervision12 Jun 2026
- 2026Granular Ball Guided Stable Latent Domain Discovery for Domain-General Crowd Counting25 Mar 2026
- 2026SynMVCrowd: A Large Synthetic Benchmark for Multi-view Crowd Counting and Localization25 Mar 2026
- 2026HyPER-GAN: Hybrid Patch-Based Image-to-Image Translation for Real-Time Photorealism Enhancement in Game Engines11 Mar 2026
- 2026Harnessing Synthetic Data from Generative AI for Statistical Inference5 Mar 2026
- 2026FSCA-Net: Feature-Separated Cross-Attention Network for Robust Multi-Dataset Training2 Feb 2026
- 2026Video Individual Counting and Tracking from Moving Drones: A Benchmark and Methods18 Jan 2026
- 2025Semi-Supervised Multi-View Crowd Counting by Ranking Multi-View Fusion Models18 Dec 2025
12 newest of 138 All 138 (JSON)