mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

TransRefer3D: Entity-and-Relation Aware Transformer for Fine-Grained 3D Visual Grounding

arXiv 2108.02388 ↗First posted 5 Aug 2021cs.CV cs.AIcited by 86

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently proposed fine-grained 3D visual grounding is an essential and challenging task, whose goal is to identify the 3D object referred by a natural language sentence from other distractive objects of the same category. Existing works usually adopt dynamic graph networks to indirectly model the intra/inter-modal interactions, making the model difficult to distinguish the referred object from distractors due to the monolithic representations of visual and linguistic contents. In this work, we exploit Transformer for its natural suitability on permutation-invariant 3D point clouds data and propose a TransRefer3D network to extract entity-and-relation aware multimodal context among objects for more discriminative feature learning. Concretely, we devise an Entity-aware Attention (EA) module and a Relation-aware Attention (RA) module to conduct fine-grained cross-modal feature matching. Facilitated by co-attention operation, our EA module matches visual entity features with linguistic entity features while RA module matches pair-wise visual relation features with linguistic relation features, respectively. We further integrate EA and RA modules into an Entity-and-Relation aware Contextual Block (ERCB) and stack several ERCBs to form our TransRefer3D for hierarchical multimodal context modeling. Extensive experiments on both Nr3D and Sr3D datasets demonstrate that our proposed model significantly outperforms existing approaches by up to 10.6% and claims the new state-of-the-art. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work investigating Transformer architecture for fine-grained 3D visual grounding task.

Key facts. Cited by 86 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2021.

Builds on

31 of 38 references.

References · 31

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
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  4. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  5. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
  6. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,414
  7. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,669
  8. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
  9. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
  10. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  11. 2020Point Transformercited by 1,470
  12. 2017Bottom-Up and Top-Down Attention for Image Captioning and Visual Question Answeringcited by 1,312
19 more
  1. 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 893
  2. 2019Graph Transformer Networkscited by 523
  3. 2019ScanRefer: 3D Object Localization in RGB-D Scans using Natural Languagecited by 452
  4. 2017Neural Motifs: Scene Graph Parsing with Global Contextcited by 414
  5. 2019Meshed-Memory Transformer for Image Captioningcited by 343
  6. 2019Deep Modular Co-Attention Networks for Visual Question Answeringcited by 339
  7. 2019Attention on Attention for Image Captioningcited by 289
  8. 2016Hierarchical Question-Image Co-Attention for Visual Question Answeringcited by 278
  9. 2020Understanding the Difficulty of Training Transformerscited by 210
  10. 2019A Fast and Accurate One-Stage Approach to Visual Groundingcited by 195
  11. 2019Visual Semantic Reasoning for Image-Text Matchingcited by 185
  12. 2021InstanceRefer: Cooperative Holistic Understanding for Visual Grounding on Point Clouds through Instance Multi-level Contextual Referringcited by 141
  13. 2020Referring Image Segmentation via Cross-Modal Progressive Comprehensioncited by 131
  14. 2014Deep Fragment Embeddings for Bidirectional Image Sentence Mappingcited by 99
  15. 2020Graph Structured Network for Image-Text Matchingcited by 93
  16. 2017Beyond Bilinear: Generalized Multimodal Factorized High-order Pooling for Visual Question Answeringcited by 79
  17. 2020Consensus-Aware Visual-Semantic Embedding for Image-Text Matchingcited by 59
  18. 2019VoteNet: A Deep Learning Label Fusion Method for Multi-Atlas Segmentationcited by 44
  19. 2017Query-guided Regression Network with Context Policy for Phrase Groundingcited by 34

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 12; 2023: 19; 2024: 28; 2025: 17; 2026: 8.

86 papers.

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  1. 2023LL3DA: Visual Interactive Instruction Tuning for Omni-3D Understanding, Reasoning, and Planningcited by 210
  2. 20233D-VisTA: Pre-trained Transformer for 3D Vision and Text Alignmentcited by 204
  3. 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AIcited by 179
  4. 2023Multi3DRefer: Grounding Text Description to Multiple 3D Objectscited by 146
  5. 2022Multi-View Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 140
  6. 2024SceneVerse: Scaling 3D Vision-Language Learning for Grounded Scene Understandingcited by 133
  7. 2021Bottom Up Top Down Detection Transformers for Language Grounding in Images and Point Cloudscited by 128
  8. 2022Language Conditioned Spatial Relation Reasoning for 3D Object Groundingcited by 122
  9. 2021A Survey of Visual Transformerscited by 117
  10. 20223D-SPS: Single-Stage 3D Visual Grounding via Referred Point Progressive Selectioncited by 110
  11. 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Modelscited by 109
  12. 2022EDA: Explicit Text-Decoupling and Dense Alignment for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 99
38 more
  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Graph Representation Learningcited by 72
  2. 2023ViewRefer: Grasp the Multi-view Knowledge for 3D Visual Grounding with GPT and Prototype Guidancecited by 70
  3. 2024Unifying 3D Vision-Language Understanding via Promptable Queriescited by 70
  4. 2022Target-Driven Structured Transformer Planner for Vision-Language Navigationcited by 58
  5. 2023NS3D: Neuro-Symbolic Grounding of 3D Objects and Relationscited by 57
  6. 2025Move to Understand a 3D Scene: Bridging Visual Grounding and Exploration for Efficient and Versatile Embodied Navigationcited by 51
  7. 2022MORE: Multi-Order RElation Mining for Dense Captioning in 3D Scenescited by 46
  8. 2023VL-SAT: Visual-Linguistic Semantics Assisted Training for 3D Semantic Scene Graph Prediction in Point Cloudcited by 43
  9. 2024When LLMs step into the 3D World: A Survey and Meta-Analysis of 3D Tasks via Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 43
  10. 2022Look Around and Refer: 2D Synthetic Semantics Knowledge Distillation for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 41
  11. 2023Vote2Cap-DETR++: Decoupling Localization and Describing for End-to-End 3D Dense Captioningcited by 39
  12. 20233D-STMN: Dependency-Driven Superpoint-Text Matching Network for End-to-End 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 36
  13. 2022ScanEnts3D: Exploiting Phrase-to-3D-Object Correspondences for Improved Visio-Linguistic Models in 3D Scenescited by 32
  14. 2024MiKASA: Multi-Key-Anchor & Scene-Aware Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 29
  15. 2022Towards Explainable 3D Grounded Visual Question Answering: A New Benchmark and Strong Baselinecited by 25
  16. 2024A Survey on Text-guided 3D Visual Grounding: Elements, Recent Advances, and Future Directionscited by 25
  17. 2024RefMask3D: Language-Guided Transformer for 3D Referring Segmentationcited by 25
  18. 2023Object2Scene: Putting Objects in Context for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detectioncited by 24
  19. 2023Mono3DVG: 3D Visual Grounding in Monocular Imagescited by 22
  20. 20243D Vision and Language Pretraining with Large-Scale Synthetic Datacited by 21
  21. 2024Multi-branch Collaborative Learning Network for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 20
  22. 2023Distilling Coarse-to-Fine Semantic Matching Knowledge for Weakly Supervised 3D Visual Groundingcited by 18
  23. 2023CityRefer: Geography-aware 3D Visual Grounding Dataset on City-scale Point Cloud Datacited by 18
  24. 20243D-GRES: Generalized 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 18
  25. 2025TSP3D: Text-guided Sparse Voxel Pruning for Efficient 3D Visual Groundingcited by 17
  26. 2022Toward Explainable and Fine-Grained 3D Grounding through Referring Textual Phrasescited by 16
  27. 2023Dense Object Grounding in 3D Scenescited by 15
  28. 2023CoT3DRef: Chain-of-Thoughts Data-Efficient 3D Visual Groundingcited by 13
  29. 2023ScanERU: Interactive 3D Visual Grounding based on Embodied Reference Understandingcited by 12
  30. 2023Recent Advances in Multi-modal 3D Intelligence: A Comprehensive Survey and Evaluationcited by 12
  31. 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answeringcited by 11
  32. 2023Cross3DVG: Cross-Dataset 3D Visual Grounding on Different RGB-D Scanscited by 10
  33. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of 3D Dense Captioning: Localizing and Describing Objects in 3D Scenescited by 10
  34. 2024Naturally Supervised 3D Visual Grounding with Language-Regularized Concept Learnerscited by 8
  35. 2025CMMLoc: Advancing Text-to-PointCloud Localization with Cauchy-Mixture-Model Based Frameworkcited by 8
  36. 2025ViewSRD: 3D Visual Grounding via Structured Multi-View Decompositioncited by 8
  37. 2026MVGGT: Multimodal Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer for Multiview 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 8
  38. 2024Rank and Align: Towards Effective Source-free Graph Domain Adaptationcited by 7

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