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BiToD: A Bilingual Multi-Domain Dataset For Task-Oriented Dialogue Modeling

arXiv 2106.02787 ↗First posted 5 Jun 2021cs.CLcited by 55

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Abstract (arXiv)

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) benchmarks provide an important avenue to measure progress and develop better conversational agents. However, existing datasets for end-to-end ToD modeling are limited to a single language, hindering the development of robust end-to-end ToD systems for multilingual countries and regions. Here we introduce BiToD, the first bilingual multi-domain dataset for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue modeling. BiToD contains over 7k multi-domain dialogues (144k utterances) with a large and realistic bilingual knowledge base. It serves as an effective benchmark for evaluating bilingual ToD systems and cross-lingual transfer learning approaches. We provide state-of-the-art baselines under three evaluation settings (monolingual, bilingual, and cross-lingual). The analysis of our baselines in different settings highlights 1) the effectiveness of training a bilingual ToD system compared to two independent monolingual ToD systems, and 2) the potential of leveraging a bilingual knowledge base and cross-lingual transfer learning to improve the system performance under low resource condition.

Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2021.

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37 of 77 references.

References · 37

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  2. 2018Datasheets for Datasetscited by 1,371
  3. 2020Multilingual Denoising Pre-training for Neural Machine Translationcited by 1,028
  4. 2018MultiWOZ -- A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modellingcited by 760
  5. 2020Beyond English-Centric Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 559
  6. 2019Towards Scalable Multi-domain Conversational Agents: The Schema-Guided Dialogue Datasetcited by 426
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  8. 2020A Simple Language Model for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 331
  9. 2016A Network-based End-to-End Trainable Task-oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 252
  10. 2020MTOP: A Comprehensive Multilingual Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing Benchmarkcited by 156
  11. 2019Taskmaster-1: Toward a Realistic and Diverse Dialog Datasetcited by 139
  12. 2016Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Network Models for Joint Intent Detection and Slot Fillingcited by 137
25 more
  1. 2017Key-Value Retrieval Networks for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 137
  2. 2018Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning for Multilingual Task Oriented Dialogcited by 124
  3. 2016Learning End-to-End Goal-Oriented Dialogcited by 104
  4. 2020MinTL: Minimalist Transfer Learning for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 103
  5. 2018Semantic Parsing for Task Oriented Dialog using Hierarchical Representationscited by 101
  6. 2021Action-Based Conversations Dataset: A Corpus for Building More In-Depth Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 73
  7. 2020SOLOIST: Building Task Bots at Scale with Transfer Learning and Machine Teachingcited by 71
  8. 2018Building a Conversational Agent Overnight with Dialogue Self-Playcited by 70
  9. 2018Mem2Seq: Effectively Incorporating Knowledge Bases into End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog Systemscited by 70
  10. 2020CrossWOZ: A Large-Scale Chinese Cross-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue Datasetcited by 66
  11. 2021SIMMC 2.0: A Task-oriented Dialog Dataset for Immersive Multimodal Conversationscited by 54
  12. 2019Global-to-local Memory Pointer Networks for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 47
  13. 2020STAR: A Schema-Guided Dialog Dataset for Transfer Learningcited by 43
  14. 2019Attention-Informed Mixed-Language Training for Zero-shot Cross-lingual Task-oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 42
  15. 2020RiSAWOZ: A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset with Rich Semantic Annotations for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modelingcited by 40
  16. 2020Dynamic Fusion Network for Multi-Domain End-to-end Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 37
  17. 2020XPersona: Evaluating Multilingual Personalized Chatbotcited by 36
  18. 2020Situated and Interactive Multimodal Conversationscited by 35
  19. 2019Entity Projection via Machine Translation for Cross-Lingual NERcited by 32
  20. 2019Entity-Consistent End-to-end Task-Oriented Dialogue System with KB Retrievercited by 21
  21. 2020TicketTalk: Toward human-level performance with end-to-end, transaction-based dialog systemscited by 18
  22. 2016Conditional Generation and Snapshot Learning in Neural Dialogue Systemscited by 17
  23. 2017A Copy-Augmented Sequence-to-Sequence Architecture Gives Good Performance on Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 14
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 12; 2023: 16; 2024: 10; 2025: 4; 2026: 4.

55 papers.

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  1. 2021Language Models are Few-shot Multilingual Learnerscited by 92
  2. 2022NusaX: Multilingual Parallel Sentiment Dataset for 10 Indonesian Local Languagescited by 67
  3. 2022One Country, 700+ Languages: NLP Challenges for Underrepresented Languages and Dialects in Indonesiacited by 65
  4. 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systemscited by 64
  5. 2023MEGAVERSE: Benchmarking Large Language Models Across Languages, Modalities, Models and Taskscited by 57
  6. 2021Zero-Shot Dialogue State Tracking via Cross-Task Transfercited by 52
  7. 2021ASCEND: A Spontaneous Chinese-English Dataset for Code-switching in Multi-turn Conversationcited by 43
  8. 2022SPACE-3: Unified Dialog Model Pre-training for Task-Oriented Dialog Understanding and Generationcited by 34
  9. 2023XTREME-UP: A User-Centric Scarce-Data Benchmark for Under-Represented Languagescited by 34
  10. 2021GlobalWoZ: Globalizing MultiWoZ to Develop Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 30
  11. 2022Multi2WOZ: A Robust Multilingual Dataset and Conversational Pretraining for Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 30
  12. 2022SPACE-2: Tree-Structured Semi-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training for Task-Oriented Dialog Understandingcited by 28
38 more
  1. 2022Cross-Lingual Dialogue Dataset Creation via Outline-Based Generationcited by 23
  2. 2022"Do you follow me?": A Survey of Recent Approaches in Dialogue State Trackingcited by 22
  3. 2023DialogStudio: Towards Richest and Most Diverse Unified Dataset Collection for Conversational AIcited by 21
  4. 2021ReMeDi: Resources for Multi-domain, Multi-service, Medical Dialoguescited by 20
  5. 2023End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directionscited by 17
  6. 2023Multi3WOZ: A Multilingual, Multi-Domain, Multi-Parallel Dataset for Training and Evaluating Culturally Adapted Task-Oriented Dialog Systemscited by 16
  7. 2025Enhancing LLM Reliability via Explicit Knowledge Boundary Modelingcited by 13
  8. 2022Where to Go for the Holidays: Towards Mixed-Type Dialogs for Clarification of User Goalscited by 12
  9. 2023X-RiSAWOZ: High-Quality End-to-End Multilingual Dialogue Datasets and Few-shot Agentscited by 12
  10. 2021Contextual Semantic Parsing for Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialoguescited by 10
  11. 2022CGoDial: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Chinese Goal-oriented Dialog Evaluationcited by 9
  12. 2024Dialog2Flow: Pre-training Soft-Contrastive Action-Driven Sentence Embeddings for Automatic Dialog Flow Extractioncited by 8
  13. 2024LUCID: LLM-Generated Utterances for Complex and Interesting Dialoguescited by 7
  14. 2024RECIPE4U: Student-ChatGPT Interaction Dataset in EFL Writing Educationcited by 7
  15. 2023InstructTODS: Large Language Models for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 5
  16. 2023IndoRobusta: Towards Robustness Against Diverse Code-Mixed Indonesian Local Languagescited by 5
  17. 2023Zero and Few-Shot Localization of Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents with a Distilled Representationcited by 4
  18. 2023A Systematic Study of Performance Disparities in Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 4
  19. 2024Synergizing In-context Learning with Hints for End-to-end Task-oriented Dialog Systemscited by 4
  20. 2023Improving Generalization in Task-oriented Dialogues with Workflows and Action Planscited by 3
  21. 2023UniPCM: Universal Pre-trained Conversation Model with Task-aware Automatic Promptcited by 3
  22. 2024Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting by Exemplar Selection in Task-oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 3
  23. 2024Fine-tuning with HED-IT: The impact of human post-editing for dialogical language modelscited by 3
  24. 2022Dial2vec: Self-Guided Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Dialogue Embeddingscited by 2
  25. 2023IndoToD: A Multi-Domain Indonesian Benchmark For End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 2
  26. 2024JMultiWOZ: A Large-Scale Japanese Multi-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue Datasetcited by 2
  27. 2025NormGenesis: Multicultural Dialogue Generation via Exemplar-Guided Social Norm Modeling and Violation Recoverycited by 2
  28. 2023Dialog-to-Actions: Building Task-Oriented Dialogue System via Action-Level Generationcited by 1
  29. 2023Dialogue Agents 101: A Beginner's Guide to Critical Ingredients for Designing Effective Conversational Systemscited by 1
  30. 2024Benchmarks Underestimate the Readiness of Multi-lingual Dialogue Agentscited by 1
  31. 2024A Unified Data Augmentation Framework for Low-Resource Multi-Domain Dialogue Generationcited by 1
  32. 2025KwaiChat: A Large-Scale Video-Driven Multilingual Mixed-Type Dialogue Corpuscited by 1
  33. 2021Taming the Beast: Learning to Control Neural Conversational Modelscited by 0
  34. 2021Investigating Effect of Dialogue History in Multilingual Task Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 0
  35. 2022ViWOZ: A Multi-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems Dataset For Low-resource Languagecited by 0
  36. 2022Reranking Overgenerated Responses for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 0
  37. 2023DKAF: KB Arbitration for Learning Task-Oriented Dialog Systems with Dialog-KB Inconsistenciescited by 0
  38. 2024Training Zero-Shot Generalizable End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog System Without Turn-level Dialog Annotationscited by 0

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