mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Oriented RepPoints for Aerial Object Detection

arXiv 2105.11111 ↗First posted 24 May 2021cs.CVcited by 102

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Abstract (arXiv)

In contrast to the generic object, aerial targets are often non-axis aligned with arbitrary orientations having the cluttered surroundings. Unlike the mainstreamed approaches regressing the bounding box orientations, this paper proposes an effective adaptive points learning approach to aerial object detection by taking advantage of the adaptive points representation, which is able to capture the geometric information of the arbitrary-oriented instances. To this end, three oriented conversion functions are presented to facilitate the classification and localization with accurate orientation. Moreover, we propose an effective quality assessment and sample assignment scheme for adaptive points learning toward choosing the representative oriented reppoints samples during training, which is able to capture the non-axis aligned features from adjacent objects or background noises. A spatial constraint is introduced to penalize the outlier points for roust adaptive learning. Experimental results on four challenging aerial datasets including DOTA, HRSC2016, UCAS-AOD and DIOR-R, demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach. The source code is availabel at: https://github.com/LiWentomng/OrientedRepPoints.

Key facts. Cited by 102 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2021.

Builds on

51 of 78 references.

References · 51

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
  4. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
  5. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,036
  6. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,852
  7. 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,659
  8. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,577
  9. 2019Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regressioncited by 1,368
  10. 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,175
  11. 2016A Point Set Generation Network for 3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 979
  12. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 915
38 more
  1. 2018CornerNet: Detecting Objects as Paired Keypointscited by 763
  2. 2017DOTA: A Large-scale Dataset for Object Detection in Aerial Imagescited by 623
  3. 2019Bridging the Gap Between Anchor-based and Anchor-free Detection via Adaptive Training Sample Selectioncited by 540
  4. 2020Sparse R-CNN: End-to-End Object Detection with Learnable Proposalscited by 495
  5. 2019Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images: A Survey and A New Benchmarkcited by 340
  6. 2019RepPoints: Point Set Representation for Object Detectioncited by 264
  7. 2021Object Detection in Aerial Images: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Challengescited by 204
  8. 2021ReDet: A Rotation-equivariant Detector for Aerial Object Detectioncited by 203
  9. 2019R3Det: Refined Single-Stage Detector with Feature Refinement for Rotating Objectcited by 194
  10. 2020Align Deep Features for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 187
  11. 2021OTA: Optimal Transport Assignment for Object Detectioncited by 178
  12. 2017Arbitrary-Oriented Scene Text Detection via Rotation Proposalscited by 176
  13. 2019Bottom-up Object Detection by Grouping Extreme and Center Pointscited by 156
  14. 2021Rethinking Rotated Object Detection with Gaussian Wasserstein Distance Losscited by 156
  15. 2020Probabilistic Anchor Assignment with IoU Prediction for Object Detectioncited by 150
  16. 2019Gliding vertex on the horizontal bounding box for multi-oriented object detectioncited by 134
  17. 2019FreeAnchor: Learning to Match Anchors for Visual Object Detectioncited by 90
  18. 2018Rotation-Sensitive Regression for Oriented Scene Text Detectioncited by 88
  19. 2019Clustered Object Detection in Aerial Imagescited by 83
  20. 2020Dense Label Encoding for Boundary Discontinuity Free Rotation Detectioncited by 79
  21. 2016A Survey on Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Imagescited by 78
  22. 2019Learning Modulated Loss for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 73
  23. 2020Dynamic Refinement Network for Oriented and Densely Packed Object Detectioncited by 72
  24. 2020Dynamic Anchor Learning for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detectioncited by 70
  25. 2020Oriented Object Detection in Aerial Images with Box Boundary-Aware Vectorscited by 63
  26. 2020SCRDet++: Detecting Small, Cluttered and Rotated Objects via Instance-Level Feature Denoising and Rotation Loss Smoothingcited by 62
  27. 2020PIoU Loss: Towards Accurate Oriented Object Detection in Complex Environmentscited by 56
  28. 2018Automatic Ship Detection of Remote Sensing Images from Google Earth in Complex Scenes Based on Multi-Scale Rotation Dense Feature Pyramid Networkscited by 54
  29. 2017R2CNN: Rotational Region CNN for Orientation Robust Scene Text Detectioncited by 51
  30. 2018Towards Multi-class Object Detection in Unconstrained Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 46
  31. 2019CAD-Net: A Context-Aware Detection Network for Objects in Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 43
  32. 2019Oriented Objects as pairs of Middle Linescited by 43
  33. 2020RepPoints V2: Verification Meets Regression for Object Detectioncited by 40
  34. 2019Learning from Noisy Anchors for One-stage Object Detectioncited by 35
  35. 2019Attribute-aware Pedestrian Detection in a Crowdcited by 20
  36. 2021IQDet: Instance-wise Quality Distribution Sampling for Object Detectioncited by 20
  37. 2019Dense RepPoints: Representing Visual Objects with Dense Point Setscited by 16
  38. 2017Feature Agglomeration Networks for Single Stage Face Detectioncited by 6

50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 16; 2023: 24; 2024: 24; 2025: 22; 2026: 14.

102 papers.

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  1. 2023SkySense: A Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Foundation Model Towards Universal Interpretation for Earth Observation Imagerycited by 205
  2. 2022RTMDet: An Empirical Study of Designing Real-Time Object Detectorscited by 195
  3. 2024EarthGPT: A Universal Multi-modal Large Language Model for Multi-sensor Image Comprehension in Remote Sensing Domaincited by 184
  4. 2022Advancing Plain Vision Transformer Towards Remote Sensing Foundation Modelcited by 149
  5. 2022Towards Large-Scale Small Object Detection: Survey and Benchmarkscited by 122
  6. 2022The KFIoU Loss for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 73
  7. 2024MTP: Advancing Remote Sensing Foundation Model via Multi-Task Pretrainingcited by 66
  8. 2022Transformers in Remote Sensing: A Surveycited by 61
  9. 2022AO2-DETR: Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection Transformercited by 55
  10. 2024Poly Kernel Inception Network for Remote Sensing Detectioncited by 52
  11. 2023Adaptive Rotated Convolution for Rotated Object Detectioncited by 51
  12. 2023Dynamic Coarse-to-Fine Learning for Oriented Tiny Object Detectioncited by 43
38 more
  1. 2022H2RBox: Horizontal Box Annotation is All You Need for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 36
  2. 2023ARS-DETR: Aspect Ratio-Sensitive Detection Transformer for Aerial Oriented Object Detectioncited by 32
  3. 2024STAR: A First-Ever Dataset and A Large-Scale Benchmark for Scene Graph Generation in Large-Size Satellite Imagerycited by 31
  4. 2023H2RBox-v2: Incorporating Symmetry for Boosting Horizontal Box Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 28
  5. 2023Small Object Detection via Coarse-to-fine Proposal Generation and Imitation Learningcited by 27
  6. 2025SkySense V2: A Unified Foundation Model for Multi-modal Remote Sensingcited by 26
  7. 2023PointOBB: Learning Oriented Object Detection via Single Point Supervisioncited by 25
  8. 2022Box2Mask: Box-supervised Instance Segmentation via Level-set Evolutioncited by 22
  9. 2023Point2RBox: Combine Knowledge from Synthetic Visual Patterns for End-to-end Oriented Object Detection with Single Point Supervisioncited by 21
  10. 2024DMM: Disparity-guided Multispectral Mamba for Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensingcited by 20
  11. 2023SOOD: Towards Semi-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 19
  12. 2021Gaussian Bounding Boxes and Probabilistic Intersection-over-Union for Object Detectioncited by 18
  13. 2023Learning to Holistically Detect Bridges from Large-Size VHR Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 17
  14. 2025RingMoE: Mixture-of-Modality-Experts Multi-Modal Foundation Models for Universal Remote Sensing Image Interpretationcited by 16
  15. 2024Popeye: A Unified Visual-Language Model for Multi-Source Ship Detection from Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 14
  16. 2025Strip R-CNN: Large Strip Convolution for Remote Sensing Object Detectioncited by 14
  17. 2024GRA: Detecting Oriented Objects through Group-wise Rotating and Attentioncited by 13
  18. 2024PointOBB-v2: Towards Simpler, Faster, and Stronger Single Point Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 13
  19. 2023Spatial Transform Decoupling for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 12
  20. 2024Harnessing Massive Satellite Imagery with Efficient Masked Image Modelingcited by 12
  21. 2024SOOD++: Leveraging Unlabeled Data to Boost Oriented Object Detectioncited by 12
  22. 2025Point2RBox-v2: Rethinking Point-supervised Oriented Object Detection with Spatial Layout Among Instancescited by 11
  23. 2025RoMA: Scaling up Mamba-based Foundation Models for Remote Sensingcited by 11
  24. 2024Zero-Shot Aerial Object Detection with Visual Description Regularizationcited by 10
  25. 2024OrientedFormer: An End-to-End Transformer-Based Oriented Object Detector in Remote Sensing Imagescited by 10
  26. 2025M4-SAR: A Multi-Resolution, Multi-Polarization, Multi-Scene, Multi-Source Dataset and Benchmark for optical-SAR Object Detectioncited by 10
  27. 2025Frequency-Dynamic Attention Modulation for Dense Predictioncited by 10
  28. 2025PointOBB-v3: Expanding Performance Boundaries of Single Point-Supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 9
  29. 2025Visual Instruction Pretraining for Domain-Specific Foundation Modelscited by 9
  30. 2023Oriented object detection in optical remote sensing images using deep learning: a surveycited by 8
  31. 2023On the Robustness of Object Detection Models on Aerial Imagescited by 7
  32. 2023FRED: Towards a Full Rotation-Equivariance in Aerial Image Object Detectioncited by 7
  33. 2025SparseFormer: Detecting Objects in HRW Shots via Sparse Vision Transformercited by 7
  34. 2025LEGNet: A Lightweight Edge-Gaussian Network for Low-Quality Remote Sensing Image Object Detectioncited by 7
  35. 2022Multi-Grained Angle Representation for Remote Sensing Object Detectioncited by 6
  36. 2022Fewer is More: Efficient Object Detection in Large Aerial Imagescited by 6
  37. 2025GauCho: Gaussian Distributions with Cholesky Decomposition for Oriented Object Detectioncited by 6
  38. 2025Wholly-WOOD: Wholly Leveraging Diversified-quality Labels for Weakly-supervised Oriented Object Detectioncited by 6

50 most cited of 102 All 102 (JSON)