GAN Prior Embedded Network for Blind Face Restoration in the Wild
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Cited by 58 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
Blind face restoration (BFR) from severely degraded face images in the wild is a very challenging problem. Due to the high illness of the problem and the complex unknown degradation, directly training a deep neural network (DNN) usually cannot lead to acceptable results. Existing generative adversarial network (GAN) based methods can produce better results but tend to generate over-smoothed restorations. In this work, we propose a new method by first learning a GAN for high-quality face image generation and embedding it into a U-shaped DNN as a prior decoder, then fine-tuning the GAN prior embedded DNN with a set of synthesized low-quality face images. The GAN blocks are designed to ensure that the latent code and noise input to the GAN can be respectively generated from the deep and shallow features of the DNN, controlling the global face structure, local face details and background of the reconstructed image. The proposed GAN prior embedded network (GPEN) is easy-to-implement, and it can generate visually photo-realistic results. Our experiments demonstrated that the proposed GPEN achieves significantly superior results to state-of-the-art BFR methods both quantitatively and qualitatively, especially for the restoration of severely degraded face images in the wild. The source code and models can be found at https://github.com/yangxy/GPEN.
Key facts. Cited by 197 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 May 2021.
Builds on
37 of 52 references.
References · 37
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25 more
- 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,039
- 2020Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 727
- 2019Image2StyleGAN: How to Embed Images Into the StyleGAN Latent Space?cited by 675
- 2018Generative Image Inpainting with Contextual Attentioncited by 580
- 2018Image Inpainting for Irregular Holes Using Partial Convolutionscited by 505
- 2017DeblurGAN: Blind Motion Deblurring Using Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 367
- 2020PULSE: Self-Supervised Photo Upsampling via Latent Space Exploration of Generative Modelscited by 358
- 2017Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translationcited by 296
- 2018Toward Convolutional Blind Denoising of Real Photographscited by 274
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- 2019MineGAN: effective knowledge transfer from GANs to target domains with few imagescited by 106
- 2020Blind Face Restoration via Deep Multi-scale Component Dictionariescited by 106
- 2018Learning Warped Guidance for Blind Face Restorationcited by 87
- 2018Deep Semantic Face Deblurringcited by 80
- 2018Phase Retrieval Under a Generative Priorcited by 73
- 2019Progressive Face Super-Resolution via Attention to Facial Landmarkcited by 73
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- 2019Exemplar Guided Face Image Super-Resolution without Facial Landmarkscited by 57
- 2017Super-FAN: Integrated facial landmark localization and super-resolution of real-world low resolution faces in arbitrary poses with GANscited by 55
- 2020Deep Face Super-Resolution with Iterative Collaboration between Attentive Recovery and Landmark Estimationcited by 53
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- 2018High Quality Facial Surface and Texture Synthesis via Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 22
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 49; 2023: 51; 2024: 46; 2025: 29; 2026: 17.
197 papers.
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50 most cited of 197 All 197 (JSON)
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- 2026DVFace: Spatio-Temporal Dual-Prior Diffusion for Video Face Restoration16 Apr 2026
- 2026The Second Challenge on Real-World Face Restoration at NTIRE 2026: Methods and Results12 Apr 2026
38 more
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50 newest of 197 All 197 (JSON)
- 2022Zero-Shot Image Restoration Using Denoising Diffusion Null-Space Modelcited by 583
- 2023Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 489
- 2023DiffBIR: Towards Blind Image Restoration with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 257
- 2023Pixel-Aware Stable Diffusion for Realistic Image Super-resolution and Personalized Stylizationcited by 254
- 2024One-Step Effective Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 246
- 2022Pretraining is All You Need for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 160
- 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Wavelet-based Diffusion Modelscited by 127
- 2023Diffusion Models for Image Restoration and Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 109
- 2023AutoDIR: Automatic All-in-One Image Restoration with Latent Diffusioncited by 100
- 2022DifFace: Blind Face Restoration with Diffused Error Contractioncited by 97
- 2024DreamClear: High-Capacity Real-World Image Restoration with Privacy-Safe Dataset Curationcited by 65
- 2024Diffusion Models, Image Super-Resolution And Everything: A Surveycited by 64
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026WaveFreqAnchor: Wave-Structural Anchoring and Frequency Correction Diffusion for Training-Free Face Restoration7 Aug 2026
- 2026FADRA: Frequency-Aware Diffusion with Residual Adaptation for Video Face Restoration7 Jul 2026
- 2026DTI: Dynamic Trajectory Initialization for Generative Face Video Super-Resolution28 Jun 2026
- 2026RGFVR: Reference-Guided Face Video Restoration with Flow Matching15 Jun 2026
- 2026Super-Resolution and Denoising of Corneal B-Scan OCT Imaging Using Diffusion Model Plug-and-Play Priors2 Feb 2026
- 2025Self-Supervised Selective-Guided Diffusion Model for Old-Photo Face Restoration14 Oct 2025
- 2025HeadsUp! High-Fidelity Portrait Image Super-Resolution10 Oct 2025
- 2025Unlocking the Potential of Diffusion Priors in Blind Face Restoration12 Aug 2025
- 2025Harnessing Diffusion-Yielded Score Priors for Image Restoration28 Jul 2025
- 2025DynFaceRestore: Balancing Fidelity and Quality in Diffusion-Guided Blind Face Restoration with Dynamic Blur-Level Mapping and Guidance18 Jul 2025
- 2025Robust ID-Specific Face Restoration via Alignment Learning15 Jul 2025
- 2025Degradation-Agnostic Statistical Facial Feature Transformation for Blind Face Restoration in Adverse Weather Conditions10 Jul 2025
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2024Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wildcited by 286
- 2022Towards Robust Blind Face Restoration with Codebook Lookup Transformercited by 231
- 2022VFHQ: A High-Quality Dataset and Benchmark for Video Face Super-Resolutioncited by 176
- 2021StyleGAN-NADA: CLIP-Guided Domain Adaptation of Image Generatorscited by 164
- 2022VQFR: Blind Face Restoration with Vector-Quantized Dictionary and Parallel Decodercited by 116
- 2022VideoReTalking: Audio-based Lip Synchronization for Talking Head Video Editing In the Wildcited by 106
- 2022Real-World Blind Super-Resolution via Feature Matching with Implicit High-Resolution Priorscited by 100
- 2023StyleSync: High-Fidelity Generalized and Personalized Lip Sync in Style-based Generatorcited by 89
- 2023DR2: Diffusion-based Robust Degradation Remover for Blind Face Restorationcited by 79
- 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement via Structure Modeling and Guidancecited by 79
- 2022MetaPortrait: Identity-Preserving Talking Head Generation with Fast Personalized Adaptationcited by 69
- 2023OTAvatar: One-shot Talking Face Avatar with Controllable Tri-plane Renderingcited by 67
12 most cited of 138 All 138 (JSON)
- 2026GeoMAR: Unleashing Geometrically Aligned Features for Masked Autoregressive Blind Face Restoration4 Aug 2026
- 2026Continuously Evolving Deepfake Detection: An Architecture and Public-Benchmark Evaluation of a Dynamic Detection System14 Jul 2026
- 2026RTFVE: Realtime Face Video Enhancement13 Jul 2026
- 2026CFRNet: Cycle-Consistent Fixed-Point Training for Real-Time Blind Face Restoration on Consumer Embedded NPUs5 Jun 2026
- 2026IConFace: Fine-Grained Identity Conditioning for Reference-Aware Face Restoration4 May 2026
- 2026VARestorer: One-Step VAR Distillation for Real-World Image Super-Resolution23 Apr 2026
- 2026DVFace: Spatio-Temporal Dual-Prior Diffusion for Video Face Restoration16 Apr 2026
- 2026The Second Challenge on Real-World Face Restoration at NTIRE 2026: Methods and Results12 Apr 2026
- 2026A2BFR: Attribute-Aware Blind Face Restoration31 Mar 2026
- 2026You Only Need One Stage: Novel-View Synthesis From A Single Blind Face Image1 Mar 2026
- 2026Surveillance Facial Image Quality Assessment: A Multi-dimensional Dataset and Lightweight Model7 Feb 2026
- 2026Bridging Information Asymmetry: A Hierarchical Framework for Deterministic Blind Face Restoration27 Jan 2026
12 newest of 138 All 138 (JSON)