mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Current Trends

arXiv 2105.05330 ↗First posted 11 May 2021cs.AI cs.LGcited by 54

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Abstract (arXiv)

Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence -- the combination of symbolic methods with methods that are based on artificial neural networks -- has a long-standing history. In this article, we provide a structured overview of current trends, by means of categorizing recent publications from key conferences. The article is meant to serve as a convenient starting point for research on the general topic.

Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 52 of its 86 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 May 2021.

Builds on

52 of 86 references.

References · 52

  1. 2015Pointer Networkscited by 882
  2. 2019Neural Probabilistic Logic Programming in DeepProbLogcited by 389
  3. 2019The Neuro-Symbolic Concept Learner: Interpreting Scenes, Words, and Sentences From Natural Supervisioncited by 369
  4. 2020Discovering Symbolic Models from Deep Learning with Inductive Biasescited by 335
  5. 2016Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Graphscited by 314
  6. 2018Neural-Symbolic VQA: Disentangling Reasoning from Vision and Language Understandingcited by 304
  7. 2017A Semantic Loss Function for Deep Learning with Symbolic Knowledgecited by 267
  8. 2019Deep Learning for Symbolic Mathematicscited by 266
  9. 2019On Completeness-aware Concept-Based Explanations in Deep Neural Networkscited by 239
  10. 2019Inductive Relation Prediction by Subgraph Reasoningcited by 237
  11. 2017Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning: A Survey and Interpretationcited by 195
  12. 2018Learning to Perform Local Rewriting for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 183
38 more
  1. 2019SATNet: Bridging deep learning and logical reasoning using a differentiable satisfiability solvercited by 173
  2. 2018Measuring abstract reasoning in neural networkscited by 165
  3. 2017Know-Evolve: Deep Temporal Reasoning for Dynamic Knowledge Graphscited by 149
  4. 2016Harnessing Deep Neural Networks with Logic Rulescited by 135
  5. 2017Learning to Reason: End-to-End Module Networks for Visual Question Answeringcited by 125
  6. 2017Interpreting Deep Visual Representations via Network Dissectioncited by 103
  7. 2016Neural Symbolic Machines: Learning Semantic Parsers on Freebase with Weak Supervisioncited by 101
  8. 2017Logic Tensor Networks for Semantic Image Interpretationcited by 92
  9. 2016Neuro-Symbolic Program Synthesiscited by 84
  10. 2020Semantic Image Manipulation Using Scene Graphscited by 82
  11. 2020Compositional Generalization via Neural-Symbolic Stack Machinescited by 80
  12. 2018SDRL: Interpretable and Data-efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning Leveraging Symbolic Planningcited by 77
  13. 2016Dynamic Memory Networks for Visual and Textual Question Answeringcited by 62
  14. 2020Learning Reasoning Strategies in End-to-End Differentiable Provingcited by 60
  15. 2017Classical Planning in Deep Latent Space: Bridging the Subsymbolic-Symbolic Boundarycited by 58
  16. 2020Closed Loop Neural-Symbolic Learning via Integrating Neural Perception, Grammar Parsing, and Symbolic Reasoningcited by 58
  17. 2020Generative Neurosymbolic Machinescited by 57
  18. 2019Neural Logic Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
  19. 2020Pointer Graph Networkscited by 52
  20. 2018PEORL: Integrating Symbolic Planning and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Robust Decision-Makingcited by 51
  21. 2019Embedding Symbolic Knowledge into Deep Networkscited by 49
  22. 2018Ontology Reasoning with Deep Neural Networkscited by 40
  23. 2020Differentiable Reasoning over a Virtual Knowledge Basecited by 39
  24. 2019Probabilistic Neural-symbolic Models for Interpretable Visual Question Answeringcited by 38
  25. 2020Neuro-Symbolic Visual Reasoning: Disentangling "Visual" from "Reasoning"cited by 35
  26. 2020Scalable Neural Methods for Reasoning With a Symbolic Knowledge Basecited by 32
  27. 2016Learning Continuous Semantic Representations of Symbolic Expressionscited by 25
  28. 2019A Boxology of Design Patterns for Hybrid Learning and Reasoning Systemscited by 20
  29. 2018Interpreting Neural Network Judgments via Minimal, Stable, and Symbolic Correctionscited by 19
  30. 2017Explaining Trained Neural Networks with Semantic Web Technologies: First Stepscited by 13
  31. 2019Learning Neurosymbolic Generative Models via Program Synthesiscited by 11
  32. 2016Coupling Distributed and Symbolic Execution for Natural Language Queriescited by 9
  33. 2019Just Add Functions: A Neural-Symbolic Language Modelcited by 8
  34. 2020Deep Learning for Abstract Argumentation Semanticscited by 8
  35. 2020Learning Neural-Symbolic Descriptive Planning Models via Cube-Space Priors: The Voyage Home (to STRIPS)cited by 7
  36. 2019Completion Reasoning Emulation for the Description Logic EL+cited by 6
  37. 2018Choose Your Neuron: Incorporating Domain Knowledge through Neuron-Importancecited by 5
  38. 2017Physical problem solving: Joint planning with symbolic, geometric, and dynamic constraintscited by 4

50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 10; 2023: 18; 2024: 10; 2025: 13; 2026: 2.

54 papers.

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  1. 2023Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) 2.0: A Manifesto of Open Challenges and Interdisciplinary Research Directionscited by 123
  2. 2022Semantic Probabilistic Layers for Neuro-Symbolic Learningcited by 103
  3. 2023Coupling Large Language Models with Logic Programming for Robust and General Reasoning from Textcited by 59
  4. 2022Leveraging Explanations in Interactive Machine Learning: An Overviewcited by 52
  5. 2022Is Neuro-Symbolic AI Meeting its Promise in Natural Language Processing? A Structured Reviewcited by 37
  6. 2023Neurosymbolic AI for Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs: A Surveycited by 21
  7. 2023Mastering Symbolic Operations: Augmenting Language Models with Compiled Neural Networkscited by 12
  8. 2024A Survey on Verification and Validation, Testing and Evaluations of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligencecited by 10
  9. 2024Using Large Language Models to Compare Explainable Models for Smart Home Human Activity Recognitioncited by 9
  10. 2022Neuro-Symbolic Learning: Principles and Applications in Ophthalmologycited by 7
  11. 2022Quality Diversity Evolutionary Learning of Decision Treescited by 7
  12. 2023Towards Safe Autonomous Driving Policies using a Neuro-Symbolic Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 7
38 more
  1. 2024Neurosymbolic Graph Enrichment for Grounded World Modelscited by 6
  2. 2025Synthesizing Visual Concepts as Vision-Language Programscited by 6
  3. 2024ProSLM : A Prolog Synergized Language Model for explainable Domain Specific Knowledge Based Question Answeringcited by 5
  4. 2025A Study on Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Healthcare Perspectivescited by 5
  5. 2021End-to-End Neuro-Symbolic Architecture for Image-to-Image Reasoning Taskscited by 4
  6. 2023Rapid Image Labeling via Neuro-Symbolic Learningcited by 4
  7. 2023logLTN: Differentiable Fuzzy Logic in the Logarithm Spacecited by 4
  8. 2023Augmenting deep neural networks with symbolic knowledge: Towards trustworthy and interpretable AI for educationcited by 4
  9. 2025Mapping the Landscape of Generative AI in Network Monitoring and Managementcited by 4
  10. 2022Logical Tasks for Measuring Extrapolation and Rule Comprehensioncited by 3
  11. 2025On the Promise for Assurance of Differentiable Neurosymbolic Reasoning Paradigmscited by 3
  12. 2023Semantic match: Debugging feature attribution methods in XAI for healthcarecited by 2
  13. 2023UnbiasedNets: A Dataset Diversification Framework for Robustness Bias Alleviation in Neural Networkscited by 2
  14. 2023Full Automation of Goal-driven LLM Dialog Threads with And-Or Recursors and Refiner Oraclescited by 2
  15. 2024Simple and Effective Transfer Learning for Neuro-Symbolic Integrationcited by 2
  16. 2024A hybrid transformer and attention based recurrent neural network for robust and interpretable sentiment analysis of tweetscited by 2
  17. 2024SECURE: Semantics-aware Embodied Conversation under Unawareness for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 2
  18. 2025An Interpretable Automated Mechanism Design Framework with Large Language Modelscited by 2
  19. 2022A World-Self Model Towards Understanding Intelligencecited by 1
  20. 2022Conceptual Views of Neural Networks: A Framework for Neuro-Symbolic Analysiscited by 1
  21. 2023A Neural-Symbolic Approach Towards Identifying Grammatically Correct Sentencescited by 1
  22. 2023Neuro-Symbolic RDF and Description Logic Reasoners: The State-Of-The-Art and Challengescited by 1
  23. 2023Natlog: Embedding Logic Programming into the Python Deep-Learning Ecosystemcited by 1
  24. 2023Symbolic Imitation Learning: From Black-Box to Explainable Driving Policiescited by 1
  25. 2023The Problem of Alignmentcited by 1
  26. 2024Synergizing Machine Learning & Symbolic Methods: A Survey on Hybrid Approaches to Natural Language Processingcited by 1
  27. 2025FactorHD: A Hyperdimensional Computing Model for Multi-Object Multi-Class Representation and Factorizationcited by 1
  28. 2025Enhancing Visual Programming for Visual Reasoning via Probabilistic Graphscited by 1
  29. 2022Learning and Compositionality: a Unification Attempt via Connectionist Probabilistic Programmingcited by 0
  30. 2022SimpleMind adds thinking to deep neural networkscited by 0
  31. 2023CascadeNS: Confidence-Cascaded Neurosymbolic Model for Sarcasm Detectioncited by 0
  32. 2023Neuro-Symbolic Approaches for Context-Aware Human Activity Recognitioncited by 0
  33. 2024ContextGPT: Infusing LLMs Knowledge into Neuro-Symbolic Activity Recognition Modelscited by 0
  34. 2024Streamflow Prediction with Uncertainty Quantification for Water Management: A Constrained Reasoning and Learning Approachcited by 0
  35. 2025Advanced Weakly-Supervised Formula Exploration for Neuro-Symbolic Mathematical Reasoningcited by 0
  36. 2025Neuro-Symbolic Scene Graph Conditioning for Synthetic Image Dataset Generationcited by 0
  37. 2025ViLLa: A Neuro-Symbolic approach for Animal Monitoringcited by 0
  38. 2025Industrial brain: a human-like autonomous neuro-symbolic cognitive decision-making systemcited by 0

50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)