mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Symbolic Imitation Learning: From Black-Box to Explainable Driving Policies

arXiv 2309.16025 ↗First posted 27 Sep 2023cs.LG cs.AI cs.ROcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Imitation-learning end-to-end planners

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Abstract (arXiv)

Current imitation learning approaches, predominantly based on deep neural networks (DNNs), offer efficient mechanisms for learning driving policies from real-world datasets. However, they suffer from inherent limitations in interpretability and generalizability--issues of critical importance in safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce Symbolic Imitation Learning (SIL), a novel framework that leverages Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) to derive explainable and generalizable driving policies from synthetic datasets. We evaluate SIL on real-world HighD and NGSim datasets, comparing its performance with state-of-the-art neural imitation learning methods using metrics such as collision rate, lane change efficiency, and average speed. The results indicate that SIL significantly enhances policy transparency while maintaining strong performance across varied driving conditions. These findings highlight the potential of integrating ILP into imitation learning to promote safer and more reliable autonomous systems.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation-learning end-to-end planners, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 21 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2023.

Builds on

21 of 44 references.

References · 21

  1. 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,597
  2. 2019A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Towards Medical XAIcited by 404
  3. 2019Exploring the Limitations of Behavior Cloning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 346
  4. 2020A Survey on Neural Network Interpretabilitycited by 291
  5. 2018The highD Dataset: A Drone Dataset of Naturalistic Vehicle Trajectories on German Highways for Validation of Highly Automated Driving Systemscited by 277
  6. 2019A Divergence Minimization Perspective on Imitation Learning Methodscited by 190
  7. 2017Interpretable Learning for Self-Driving Cars by Visualizing Causal Attentioncited by 107
  8. 2020Inductive logic programming at 30: a new introductioncited by 85
  9. 2016Query-Efficient Imitation Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 84
  10. 2020Learning programs by learning from failurescited by 73
  11. 2021Off-Policy Imitation Learning from Observationscited by 70
  12. 2021Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Current Trendscited by 54
9 more
  1. 2020Turning 30: New Ideas in Inductive Logic Programmingcited by 42
  2. 2021Neuro-Symbolic Reinforcement Learning with First-Order Logiccited by 30
  3. 2021Differentiable Logic Machinescited by 18
  4. 2021Explainable Hierarchical Imitation Learning for Robotic Drink Pouringcited by 11
  5. 2023Towards Safe Autonomous Driving Policies using a Neuro-Symbolic Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 7
  6. 2020Modelling Agent Policies with Interpretable Imitation Learningcited by 6
  7. 2023Reinforcement Learning with Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: A Brief Surveycited by 5
  8. 2021Adversarial Mixture Density Networks: Learning to Drive Safely from Collision Datacited by 4
  9. 2023Explaining Imitation Learning through Framescited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  1. 2019Deep Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving in Generic Urban Scenarios with Enhanced Safety
  2. 2022Imitation Is Not Enough: Robustifying Imitation with Reinforcement Learning for Challenging Driving Scenarios
  3. 2024CIMRL: Combining IMitation and Reinforcement Learning for Safe Autonomous Driving
  4. 2021Brain-Inspired Deep Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving Systems
  5. 2019Learning a Decision Module by Imitating Driver's Control Behaviors
  6. 2020Modeling Human Driving Behavior through Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning
  7. 2022SHAIL: Safety-Aware Hierarchical Adversarial Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving in Urban Environments
  8. 2025Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving: Insights from Real-World Testing