Latent Variable Sequential Set Transformers For Joint Multi-Agent Motion Prediction
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Abstract (arXiv)
Robust multi-agent trajectory prediction is essential for the safe control of robotic systems. A major challenge is to efficiently learn a representation that approximates the true joint distribution of contextual, social, and temporal information to enable planning. We propose Latent Variable Sequential Set Transformers which are encoder-decoder architectures that generate scene-consistent multi-agent trajectories. We refer to these architectures as "AutoBots". The encoder is a stack of interleaved temporal and social multi-head self-attention (MHSA) modules which alternately perform equivariant processing across the temporal and social dimensions. The decoder employs learnable seed parameters in combination with temporal and social MHSA modules allowing it to perform inference over the entire future scene in a single forward pass efficiently. AutoBots can produce either the trajectory of one ego-agent or a distribution over the future trajectories for all agents in the scene. For the single-agent prediction case, our model achieves top results on the global nuScenes vehicle motion prediction leaderboard, and produces strong results on the Argoverse vehicle prediction challenge. In the multi-agent setting, we evaluate on the synthetic partition of TrajNet++ dataset to showcase the model's socially-consistent predictions. We also demonstrate our model on general sequences of sets and provide illustrative experiments modelling the sequential structure of the multiple strokes that make up symbols in the Omniglot data. A distinguishing feature of AutoBots is that all models are trainable on a single desktop GPU (1080 Ti) in under 48h.
Key facts. Cited by 131 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Feb 2021.
Builds on
29 of 48 references.
References · 29
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
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- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2017Deep Setscited by 1,394
- 2019Argoverse: 3D Tracking and Forecasting with Rich Mapscited by 728
- 2015Generating Sentences from a Continuous Spacecited by 607
- 2015Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Shape Recognitioncited by 564
- 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 528
- 2020Learning Lane Graph Representations for Motion Forecastingcited by 380
- 2020TNT: Target-driveN Trajectory Predictioncited by 345
- 2017DESIRE: Distant Future Prediction in Dynamic Scenes with Interacting Agentscited by 310
17 more
- 2019CoverNet: Multimodal Behavior Prediction using Trajectory Setscited by 259
- 2018Convolutional Social Pooling for Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 221
- 2020Spatio-Temporal Graph Transformer Networks for Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 218
- 2021TrafficSim: Learning to Simulate Realistic Multi-Agent Behaviorscited by 192
- 2020Transformer Networks for Trajectory Forecastingcited by 180
- 2019Multiple Futures Predictioncited by 178
- 2020Human Trajectory Forecasting in Crowds: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 128
- 2020Implicit Latent Variable Model for Scene-Consistent Motion Forecastingcited by 116
- 2020TAP: Text-Aware Pre-training for Text-VQA and Text-Captioncited by 95
- 2020What-If Motion Prediction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 80
- 2020Trajectron++: Dynamically-Feasible Trajectory Forecasting With Heterogeneous Datacited by 58
- 2020End-to-end Contextual Perception and Prediction with Interaction Transformercited by 54
- 2020Spatially Aware Multimodal Transformers for TextVQAcited by 44
- 2020Variational Transformers for Diverse Response Generationcited by 36
- 2019Sound Event Detection of Weakly Labelled Data with CNN-Transformer and Automatic Threshold Optimizationcited by 29
- 2020PRANK: motion Prediction based on RANKingcited by 22
- 2020Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving based on Multi-Head Attention with Joint Agent-Map Representationcited by 12
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 9; 2023: 36; 2024: 33; 2025: 39; 2026: 14.
131 papers.
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- 2023MotionLM: Multi-Agent Motion Forecasting as Language Modelingcited by 154
- 2023Language-Guided Traffic Simulation via Scene-Level Diffusioncited by 110
- 2023Forecast-MAE: Self-supervised Pre-training for Motion Forecasting with Masked Autoencoderscited by 72
- 2023TrafficBots: Towards World Models for Autonomous Driving Simulation and Motion Predictioncited by 56
- 2024UniTraj: A Unified Framework for Scalable Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 51
- 2023LAformer: Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving with Lane-Aware Scene Constraintscited by 50
- 2023Leveraging Future Relationship Reasoning for Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 47
- 2023RealGen: Retrieval Augmented Generation for Controllable Traffic Scenarioscited by 46
- 2023Traj-MAE: Masked Autoencoders for Trajectory Predictioncited by 42
- 2022FJMP: Factorized Joint Multi-Agent Motion Prediction over Learned Directed Acyclic Interaction Graphscited by 41
- 2024Closed-Loop Supervised Fine-Tuning of Tokenized Traffic Modelscited by 40
- 2023ADAPT: Efficient Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Adaptationcited by 39
38 more
- 2024HPNet: Dynamic Trajectory Forecasting with Historical Prediction Attentioncited by 37
- 2023Social-Transmotion: Promptable Human Trajectory Predictioncited by 33
- 2023Real-Time Motion Prediction via Heterogeneous Polyline Transformer with Relative Pose Encodingcited by 32
- 2022SSL-Lanes: Self-Supervised Learning for Motion Forecasting in Autonomous Drivingcited by 31
- 2023TBP-Former: Learning Temporal Bird's-Eye-View Pyramid for Joint Perception and Prediction in Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2023The Integration of Prediction and Planning in Deep Learning Automated Driving Systems: A Reviewcited by 29
- 2023Dynamic Scenario Representation Learning for Motion Forecasting with Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Recurrent Networkscited by 27
- 2024SIMPL: A Simple and Efficient Multi-agent Motion Prediction Baseline for Autonomous Drivingcited by 27
- 2025Scenario Dreamer: Vectorized Latent Diffusion for Generating Driving Simulation Environmentscited by 27
- 2024CtRL-Sim: Reactive and Controllable Driving Agents with Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2023Multiverse Transformer: 1st Place Solution for Waymo Open Sim Agents Challenge 2023cited by 25
- 2024LG-Traj: LLM Guided Pedestrian Trajectory Predictioncited by 24
- 2022R-Pred: Two-Stage Motion Prediction Via Tube-Query Attention-Based Trajectory Refinementcited by 23
- 2023Learning Cooperative Trajectory Representations for Motion Forecastingcited by 21
- 2024Multi-Transmotion: Pre-trained Model for Human Motion Predictioncited by 21
- 2024T4P: Test-Time Training of Trajectory Prediction via Masked Autoencoder and Actor-specific Token Memorycited by 20
- 2025Scaling Laws of Motion Forecasting and Planning -- Technical Reportcited by 19
- 2023EDA: Evolving and Distinct Anchors for Multimodal Motion Predictioncited by 17
- 2024DeTra: A Unified Model for Object Detection and Trajectory Forecastingcited by 15
- 2025Unified Uncertainty-Aware Diffusion for Multi-Agent Trajectory Modelingcited by 15
- 2025VERDI: VLM-Embedded Reasoning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2025Orion-MSP: Multi-Scale Sparse Attention for Tabular In-Context Learningcited by 15
- 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directionscited by 14
- 2022Uncertainty estimation for Cross-dataset performance in Trajectory predictioncited by 13
- 2022Collaborative Uncertainty Benefits Multi-Agent Multi-Modal Trajectory Forecastingcited by 13
- 2023IPCC-TP: Utilizing Incremental Pearson Correlation Coefficient for Joint Multi-Agent Trajectory Predictioncited by 13
- 2025UniMM: A Unified Mixture Model Framework for Multi-Agent Simulationcited by 13
- 2022Diverse Multiple Trajectory Prediction Using a Two-stage Prediction Network Trained with Lane Losscited by 12
- 2023Context-Aware Timewise VAEs for Real-Time Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 12
- 2022Heterogeneous Trajectory Forecasting via Risk and Scene Graph Learningcited by 11
- 2024TranSPORTmer: A Holistic Approach to Trajectory Understanding in Multi-Agent Sportscited by 11
- 2023Interactive Autonomous Navigation with Internal State Inference and Interactivity Estimationcited by 10
- 2024SemanticFormer: Holistic and Semantic Traffic Scene Representation for Trajectory Prediction using Knowledge Graphscited by 10
- 2025Physical Plausibility-aware Trajectory Prediction via Locomotion Embodimentcited by 10
- 2024Curb Your Attention: Causal Attention Gating for Robust Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Drivingcited by 9
- 2024TAROT: Targeted Data Selection via Optimal Transportcited by 9
- 2023BiFF: Bi-level Future Fusion with Polyline-based Coordinate for Interactive Trajectory Predictioncited by 8
- 2023CRITERIA: a New Benchmarking Paradigm for Evaluating Trajectory Prediction Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
50 most cited of 131 All 131 (JSON)
- 2026SkyDrive: Learning to Drive in a New City from Aerial Traffic Monitoring25 Aug 2026
- 2026LAMP: Lane-Aligned Motion Primitives for Feasible Trajectory Prediction25 Jun 2026
- 2026Three-Step Hierarchical Transformer for Multi-Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction22 Jun 2026
- 2026From Cues to Horizons: Dynamic Risk Horizon Profiling for Trajectory Prediction30 May 2026
- 2026Social-Mamba: Socially-Aware Trajectory Forecasting with State-Space Models14 May 2026
- 2026Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Ego-Centric Joint Scene Modeling13 May 2026
- 2026Heteroscedastic Diffusion for Multi-Agent Trajectory Modeling11 May 2026
- 2026SceneSelect: Selective Learning for Trajectory Scene Classification and Expert Scheduling27 Apr 2026
- 2026SAIL: Scene-aware Adaptive Iterative Learning for Long-Tail Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Vehicles6 Apr 2026
- 2026AutoWorld: Learning Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation with Self-Supervised World Models30 Mar 2026
- 2026Decoding Defensive Coverage Responsibilities in American Football Using Factorized Attention Based Transformer Models26 Mar 2026
- 2026A Prediction-as-Perception Framework for 3D Object Detection13 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026TruckDrive: Long-Range Autonomous Highway Driving Dataset2 Mar 2026
- 2026A Generalizable Physics-guided Causal Model for Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving15 Feb 2026
- 2025Measuring What Matters: Scenario-Driven Evaluation for Trajectory Predictors in Autonomous Driving13 Dec 2025
- 2025MoE-Enhanced Multi-Domain Feature Selection and Fusion for Fast Map-Free Trajectory Prediction2 Dec 2025
- 2025V2X-RECT: An Efficient V2X Trajectory Prediction Framework via Redundant Interaction Filtering and Tracking Error Correction22 Nov 2025
- 2025Orion-MSP: Multi-Scale Sparse Attention for Tabular In-Context Learning4 Nov 2025
- 2025Addressing Corner Cases in Autonomous Driving: A World Model-based Approach with Mixture of Experts and LLMs23 Oct 2025
- 2025HyPlan: Hybrid Learning-Assisted Planning Under Uncertainty for Safe Autonomous Driving8 Oct 2025
- 2025What Did I Learn? Operational Competence Assessment for AI-Based Trajectory Planners1 Oct 2025
- 2025JointDiff: Bridging Continuous and Discrete in Multi-Agent Trajectory Generation26 Sep 2025
- 2025KoopCast: Trajectory Forecasting via Koopman Operators19 Sep 2025
- 2025STEP: Structured Training and Evaluation Platform for benchmarking trajectory prediction models18 Sep 2025
- 2025Ensemble of Pre-Trained Models for Long-Tailed Trajectory Prediction17 Sep 2025
- 2025BEVTraj: Map-Free End-to-End Trajectory Prediction in Bird's-Eye View with Deformable Attention and Sparse Goal Proposals12 Sep 2025
- 2025ProgD: Progressive Multi-scale Decoding with Dynamic Graphs for Joint Multi-agent Motion Forecasting11 Sep 2025
- 2025OmniTraj: Pre-Training on Heterogeneous Data for Adaptive and Zero-Shot Human Trajectory Prediction31 Jul 2025
- 2025Social-Pose: Enhancing Trajectory Prediction with Human Body Pose30 Jul 2025
- 2025PhysVarMix: Physics-Informed Variational Mixture Model for Multi-Modal Trajectory Prediction25 Jul 2025
- 2025Goal-based Trajectory Prediction for improved Cross-Dataset Generalization24 Jul 2025
- 2025A Generalizable Physics-Enhanced State Space Model for Long-Term Dynamics Forecasting in Complex Environments14 Jul 2025
- 2025ILNet: Trajectory Prediction with Inverse Learning Attention for Enhancing Intention Capture9 Jul 2025
- 2025LANet: A Lane Boundaries-Aware Approach For Robust Trajectory Prediction2 Jul 2025
- 2025GoIRL: Graph-Oriented Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Trajectory Prediction26 Jun 2025
- 2025Scaling Laws of Motion Forecasting and Planning -- Technical Report9 Jun 2025
- 2025RetroMotion: Retrocausal Motion Forecasting Models are Instructable26 May 2025
- 2025VERDI: VLM-Embedded Reasoning for Autonomous Driving21 May 2025
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: A Review21 May 2025
- 2025Realistic Adversarial Attacks for Robustness Evaluation of Trajectory Prediction Models via Future State Perturbation9 May 2025
- 2025GC-GAT: Multimodal Vehicular Trajectory Prediction using Graph Goal Conditioning and Cross-context Attention15 Apr 2025
- 2025Scenario Dreamer: Vectorized Latent Diffusion for Generating Driving Simulation Environments28 Mar 2025
- 2025AccidentSim: Generating Vehicle Collision Videos with Physically Realistic Collision Trajectories from Real-World Accident Reports26 Mar 2025
- 2025Unified Uncertainty-Aware Diffusion for Multi-Agent Trajectory Modeling24 Mar 2025
- 2025Physical Plausibility-aware Trajectory Prediction via Locomotion Embodiment21 Mar 2025
- 2025Unified Human Localization and Trajectory Prediction with Monocular Vision5 Mar 2025
- 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions5 Mar 2025
- 2025Motion Forecasting for Autonomous Vehicles: A Survey10 Feb 2025
- 2025Surprise Potential as a Measure of Interactivity in Driving Scenarios8 Feb 2025
- 2025DISC: Dataset for Analyzing Driving Styles In Simulated Crashes for Mixed Autonomy28 Jan 2025
50 newest of 131 All 131 (JSON)
- 2024CtRL-Sim: Reactive and Controllable Driving Agents with Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2026TruckDrive: Long-Range Autonomous Highway Driving Datasetcited by 5
- 2025Surprise Potential as a Measure of Interactivity in Driving Scenarioscited by 3
- 2026Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Ego-Centric Joint Scene Modelingcited by 1
- 2025HyPlan: Hybrid Learning-Assisted Planning Under Uncertainty for Safe Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2025Measuring What Matters: Scenario-Driven Evaluation for Trajectory Predictors in Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Ego-Centric Joint Scene Modeling13 May 2026
- 2026TruckDrive: Long-Range Autonomous Highway Driving Dataset2 Mar 2026
- 2025Measuring What Matters: Scenario-Driven Evaluation for Trajectory Predictors in Autonomous Driving13 Dec 2025
- 2025HyPlan: Hybrid Learning-Assisted Planning Under Uncertainty for Safe Autonomous Driving8 Oct 2025
- 2025Surprise Potential as a Measure of Interactivity in Driving Scenarios8 Feb 2025
- 2024CtRL-Sim: Reactive and Controllable Driving Agents with Offline Reinforcement Learning29 Mar 2024
- 2023TrafficBots: Towards World Models for Autonomous Driving Simulation and Motion Predictioncited by 56
- 2023Real-Time Motion Prediction via Heterogeneous Polyline Transformer with Relative Pose Encodingcited by 32
- 2025AccidentSim: Generating Vehicle Collision Videos with Physically Realistic Collision Trajectories from Real-World Accident Reportscited by 2
- 2026AutoWorld: Learning Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation with Self-Supervised World Modelscited by 2
- 2025Addressing Corner Cases in Autonomous Driving: A World Model-based Approach with Mixture of Experts and LLMscited by 1
- 2026AutoWorld: Learning Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation with Self-Supervised World Models30 Mar 2026
- 2025Addressing Corner Cases in Autonomous Driving: A World Model-based Approach with Mixture of Experts and LLMs23 Oct 2025
- 2025AccidentSim: Generating Vehicle Collision Videos with Physically Realistic Collision Trajectories from Real-World Accident Reports26 Mar 2025
- 2023Real-Time Motion Prediction via Heterogeneous Polyline Transformer with Relative Pose Encoding19 Oct 2023
- 2023TrafficBots: Towards World Models for Autonomous Driving Simulation and Motion Prediction7 Mar 2023
- 2023MotionLM: Multi-Agent Motion Forecasting as Language Modelingcited by 154
- 2025VERDI: VLM-Embedded Reasoning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 15
- 2025VERDI: VLM-Embedded Reasoning for Autonomous Driving21 May 2025
- 2023Forecast-MAE: Self-supervised Pre-training for Motion Forecasting with Masked Autoencoderscited by 72
- 2024UniTraj: A Unified Framework for Scalable Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 51
- 2023LAformer: Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving with Lane-Aware Scene Constraintscited by 50
- 2023Leveraging Future Relationship Reasoning for Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 47
- 2023Traj-MAE: Masked Autoencoders for Trajectory Predictioncited by 42
- 2022FJMP: Factorized Joint Multi-Agent Motion Prediction over Learned Directed Acyclic Interaction Graphscited by 41
- 2024Closed-Loop Supervised Fine-Tuning of Tokenized Traffic Modelscited by 40
- 2023ADAPT: Efficient Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Adaptationcited by 39
- 2024HPNet: Dynamic Trajectory Forecasting with Historical Prediction Attentioncited by 37
- 2023Social-Transmotion: Promptable Human Trajectory Predictioncited by 33
- 2022SSL-Lanes: Self-Supervised Learning for Motion Forecasting in Autonomous Drivingcited by 31
- 2023TBP-Former: Learning Temporal Bird's-Eye-View Pyramid for Joint Perception and Prediction in Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
12 most cited of 111 All 111 (JSON)
- 2026SkyDrive: Learning to Drive in a New City from Aerial Traffic Monitoring25 Aug 2026
- 2026LAMP: Lane-Aligned Motion Primitives for Feasible Trajectory Prediction25 Jun 2026
- 2026Three-Step Hierarchical Transformer for Multi-Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction22 Jun 2026
- 2026From Cues to Horizons: Dynamic Risk Horizon Profiling for Trajectory Prediction30 May 2026
- 2026SceneSelect: Selective Learning for Trajectory Scene Classification and Expert Scheduling27 Apr 2026
- 2026SAIL: Scene-aware Adaptive Iterative Learning for Long-Tail Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Vehicles6 Apr 2026
- 2026Decoding Defensive Coverage Responsibilities in American Football Using Factorized Attention Based Transformer Models26 Mar 2026
- 2026A Prediction-as-Perception Framework for 3D Object Detection13 Mar 2026
- 2026A Generalizable Physics-guided Causal Model for Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving15 Feb 2026
- 2025V2X-RECT: An Efficient V2X Trajectory Prediction Framework via Redundant Interaction Filtering and Tracking Error Correction22 Nov 2025
- 2025Orion-MSP: Multi-Scale Sparse Attention for Tabular In-Context Learning4 Nov 2025
- 2025What Did I Learn? Operational Competence Assessment for AI-Based Trajectory Planners1 Oct 2025
12 newest of 111 All 111 (JSON)