mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

STEP: Structured Training and Evaluation Platform for benchmarking trajectory prediction models

arXiv 2509.14801 ↗First posted 18 Sep 2025cs.LGcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

While trajectory prediction plays a critical role in enabling safe and effective path-planning in automated vehicles, standardized practices for evaluating such models remain underdeveloped. Recent efforts have aimed to unify dataset formats and model interfaces for easier comparisons, yet existing frameworks often fall short in supporting heterogeneous traffic scenarios, joint prediction models, or user documentation. In this work, we introduce STEP -- a new benchmarking framework that addresses these limitations by providing a unified interface for multiple datasets, enforcing consistent training and evaluation conditions, and supporting a wide range of prediction models. We demonstrate the capabilities of STEP in a number of experiments which reveal 1) the limitations of widely-used testing procedures, 2) the importance of joint modeling of agents for better predictions of interactions, and 3) the vulnerability of current state-of-the-art models against both distribution shifts and targeted attacks by adversarial agents. With STEP, we aim to shift the focus from the ``leaderboard'' approach to deeper insights about model behavior and generalization in complex multi-agent settings.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2025.

Builds on

32 of 43 references.

References · 32

  1. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
  2. 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
  3. 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 707
  4. 2018Social GAN: Socially Acceptable Trajectories with Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 690
  5. 2021Large Scale Interactive Motion Forecasting for Autonomous Driving : The Waymo Open Motion Datasetcited by 537
  6. 2021AgentFormer: Agent-Aware Transformers for Socio-Temporal Multi-Agent Forecastingcited by 331
  7. 2022Wayformer: Motion Forecasting via Simple & Efficient Attention Networkscited by 280
  8. 2018The highD Dataset: A Drone Dataset of Naturalistic Vehicle Trajectories on German Highways for Validation of Highly Automated Driving Systemscited by 277
  9. 2022Motion Transformer with Global Intention Localization and Local Movement Refinementcited by 270
  10. 2020One Thousand and One Hours: Self-driving Motion Prediction Datasetcited by 240
  11. 2019INTERACTION Dataset: An INTERnational, Adversarial and Cooperative moTION Dataset in Interactive Driving Scenarios with Semantic Mapscited by 231
  12. 2023MTR++: Multi-Agent Motion Prediction with Symmetric Scene Modeling and Guided Intention Queryingcited by 140
20 more
  1. 2019The inD Dataset: A Drone Dataset of Naturalistic Road User Trajectories at German Intersectionscited by 137
  2. 2021Latent Variable Sequential Set Transformers For Joint Multi-Agent Motion Predictioncited by 131
  3. 2020Human Trajectory Forecasting in Crowds: A Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 129
  4. 2022On Adversarial Robustness of Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 90
  5. 2024UniTraj: A Unified Framework for Scalable Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 52
  6. 2022AdvDO: Realistic Adversarial Attacks for Trajectory Predictioncited by 49
  7. 2019Graph Neural Networks for Modelling Traffic Participant Interactioncited by 42
  8. 2022How many Observations are Enough? Knowledge Distillation for Trajectory Forecastingcited by 35
  9. 2019Analyzing the Variety Loss in the Context of Probabilistic Trajectory Predictioncited by 31
  10. 2023trajdata: A Unified Interface to Multiple Human Trajectory Datasetscited by 25
  11. 2024Adapting to Length Shift: FlexiLength Network for Trajectory Predictioncited by 22
  12. 2021FloMo: Tractable Motion Prediction with Normalizing Flowscited by 21
  13. 2022Targeted Adversarial Attacks against Neural Network Trajectory Predictorscited by 11
  14. 2022The Atlas Benchmark: an Automated Evaluation Framework for Human Motion Predictioncited by 7
  15. 2023Trajectory Prediction with Observations of Variable-Length for Motion Planning in Highway Merging scenarioscited by 6
  16. 2022Benchmark for Models Predicting Human Behavior in Gap Acceptance Scenarioscited by 5
  17. 2023Using Models Based on Cognitive Theory to Predict Human Behavior in Traffic: A Case Studycited by 5
  18. 2023TrajFlow: Learning Distributions over Trajectories for Human Behavior Predictioncited by 4
  19. 2025Realistic Adversarial Attacks for Robustness Evaluation of Trajectory Prediction Models via Future State Perturbationcited by 3
  20. 2024ROME: Robust Multi-Modal Density Estimatorcited by 2

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.