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A Neural Dirichlet Process Mixture Model for Task-Free Continual Learning

arXiv 2001.00689 ↗First posted 3 Jan 2020cs.LG cs.NE stat.MLcited by 133

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the growing interest in continual learning, most of its contemporary works have been studied in a rather restricted setting where tasks are clearly distinguishable, and task boundaries are known during training. However, if our goal is to develop an algorithm that learns as humans do, this setting is far from realistic, and it is essential to develop a methodology that works in a task-free manner. Meanwhile, among several branches of continual learning, expansion-based methods have the advantage of eliminating catastrophic forgetting by allocating new resources to learn new data. In this work, we propose an expansion-based approach for task-free continual learning. Our model, named Continual Neural Dirichlet Process Mixture (CN-DPM), consists of a set of neural network experts that are in charge of a subset of the data. CN-DPM expands the number of experts in a principled way under the Bayesian nonparametric framework. With extensive experiments, we show that our model successfully performs task-free continual learning for both discriminative and generative tasks such as image classification and image generation.

Key facts. Cited by 133 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Jan 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 29; 2022: 31; 2023: 27; 2024: 25; 2025: 15; 2026: 6.

133 papers.

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  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 860
  2. 2022CODA-Prompt: COntinual Decomposed Attention-based Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 446
  3. 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 242
  4. 2021Supervised Contrastive Replay: Revisiting the Nearest Class Mean Classifier in Online Class-Incremental Continual Learningcited by 140
  5. 2021Always Be Dreaming: A New Approach for Data-Free Class-Incremental Learningcited by 130
  6. 2022Toward Transparent AI: A Survey on Interpreting the Inner Structures of Deep Neural Networkscited by 126
  7. 2022Class-Incremental Learning by Knowledge Distillation with Adaptive Feature Consolidationcited by 113
  8. 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Mixture-of-Experts: Algorithms, Theory, and Applicationscited by 91
  9. 2024Mixtures of Experts Unlock Parameter Scaling for Deep RLcited by 75
  10. 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 73
  11. 2021Online Continual Learning on Class Incremental Blurry Task Configuration with Anytime Inferencecited by 66
  12. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 66
38 more
  1. 2021Continual Learning via Local Module Compositioncited by 61
  2. 2021Continual Learning for Real-World Autonomous Systems: Algorithms, Challenges and Frameworkscited by 56
  3. 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
  4. 2022A Closer Look at Rehearsal-Free Continual Learningcited by 54
  5. 2023Online Prototype Learning for Online Continual Learningcited by 53
  6. 2021Efficient Feature Transformations for Discriminative and Generative Continual Learningcited by 50
  7. 2024Theory on Mixture-of-Experts in Continual Learningcited by 50
  8. 2023Real-Time Evaluation in Online Continual Learning: A New Hopecited by 47
  9. 2024Multimodal Prototyping for cancer survival predictioncited by 47
  10. 2021Posterior Meta-Replay for Continual Learningcited by 45
  11. 2021Same State, Different Task: Continual Reinforcement Learning without Interferencecited by 42
  12. 2021Wanderlust: Online Continual Object Detection in the Real Worldcited by 34
  13. 2023The Ideal Continual Learner: An Agent That Never Forgetscited by 34
  14. 2021Memory-Efficient Semi-Supervised Continual Learning: The World is its Own Replay Buffercited by 30
  15. 2021Continual Neural Mapping: Learning An Implicit Scene Representation from Sequential Observationscited by 30
  16. 2022Improving Task-free Continual Learning by Distributionally Robust Memory Evolutioncited by 29
  17. 2022Building a Subspace of Policies for Scalable Continual Learningcited by 28
  18. 2021Continual Learning on Noisy Data Streams via Self-Purified Replaycited by 27
  19. 2022How to Reuse and Compose Knowledge for a Lifetime of Tasks: A Survey on Continual Learning and Functional Compositioncited by 27
  20. 2024Online-LoRA: Task-free Online Continual Learning via Low Rank Adaptationcited by 26
  21. 2023Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Taxonomycited by 24
  22. 2022Towards Exemplar-Free Continual Learning in Vision Transformers: an Account of Attention, Functional and Weight Regularizationcited by 23
  23. 2022Task-Free Continual Learning via Online Discrepancy Distance Learningcited by 22
  24. 2022Open Long-Tailed Recognition in a Dynamic Worldcited by 21
  25. 2024Adaptive Memory Replay for Continual Learningcited by 21
  26. 2022Do Pre-trained Models Benefit Equally in Continual Learning?cited by 20
  27. 2021Sequoia: A Software Framework to Unify Continual Learning Researchcited by 19
  28. 2021Encoders and Ensembles for Task-Free Continual Learningcited by 17
  29. 2021Task-agnostic Continual Learning with Hybrid Probabilistic Modelscited by 16
  30. 2022SCALE: Online Self-Supervised Lifelong Learning without Prior Knowledgecited by 16
  31. 2022A Dirichlet Process Mixture of Robust Task Models for Scalable Lifelong Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
  32. 2022The Effectiveness of World Models for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
  33. 2023Non-Exemplar Online Class-incremental Continual Learning via Dual-prototype Self-augment and Refinementcited by 13
  34. 2023Overcoming the Stability Gap in Continual Learningcited by 13
  35. 2023Kalman Filter for Online Classification of Non-Stationary Datacited by 13
  36. 2021Complementary Calibration: Boosting General Continual Learning with Collaborative Distillation and Self-Supervisioncited by 12
  37. 2022Continual Variational Autoencoder Learning via Online Cooperative Memorizationcited by 12
  38. 2023When Meta-Learning Meets Online and Continual Learning: A Surveycited by 12

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