mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Prototypical Pseudo Label Denoising and Target Structure Learning for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation

arXiv 2101.10979 ↗First posted 26 Jan 2021cs.CVcited by 268

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Abstract (arXiv)

Self-training is a competitive approach in domain adaptive segmentation, which trains the network with the pseudo labels on the target domain. However inevitably, the pseudo labels are noisy and the target features are dispersed due to the discrepancy between source and target domains. In this paper, we rely on representative prototypes, the feature centroids of classes, to address the two issues for unsupervised domain adaptation. In particular, we take one step further and exploit the feature distances from prototypes that provide richer information than mere prototypes. Specifically, we use it to estimate the likelihood of pseudo labels to facilitate online correction in the course of training. Meanwhile, we align the prototypical assignments based on relative feature distances for two different views of the same target, producing a more compact target feature space. Moreover, we find that distilling the already learned knowledge to a self-supervised pretrained model further boosts the performance. Our method shows tremendous performance advantage over state-of-the-art methods. We will make the code publicly available.

Key facts. Cited by 268 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 62 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2021.

Builds on

62 of 75 references.

References · 62

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38 more
  1. 2018Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Image Rotationscited by 1,586
  2. 2020Big Self-Supervised Models are Strong Semi-Supervised Learnerscited by 1,375
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  17. 2019Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation via Minimax Entropycited by 333
  18. 2019Bidirectional Learning for Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentationcited by 308
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  21. 2019Large Scale Adversarial Representation Learningcited by 238
  22. 2019Sliced Wasserstein Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 235
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50 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 37; 2022: 75; 2023: 73; 2024: 54; 2025: 22; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2021DAFormer: Improving Network Architectures and Training Strategies for Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 299
  2. 2022MIC: Masked Image Consistency for Context-Enhanced Domain Adaptationcited by 176
  3. 2022HRDA: Context-Aware High-Resolution Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 163
  4. 2021Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Pixel-Level Contrastive Learning from a Class-wise Memory Bankcited by 125
  5. 2023Align Your Prompts: Test-Time Prompting with Distribution Alignment for Zero-Shot Generalizationcited by 100
  6. 2021Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Object Detectors: A Surveycited by 93
  7. 2022SePiCo: Semantic-Guided Pixel Contrast for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 87
  8. 2023V3Det: Vast Vocabulary Visual Detection Datasetcited by 81
  9. 2021Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimationcited by 80
  10. 2022WildNet: Learning Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation from the Wildcited by 75
  11. 2022Bending Reality: Distortion-aware Transformers for Adapting to Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 71
  12. 2022Adversarial Style Augmentation for Domain Generalized Urban-Scene Segmentationcited by 69
38 more
  1. 2021Category Contrast for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in Visual Taskscited by 65
  2. 2022Balancing Discriminability and Transferability for Source-Free Domain Adaptationcited by 58
  3. 2021ST3D++: Denoised Self-training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on 3D Object Detectioncited by 57
  4. 2021Towards Fewer Annotations: Active Learning via Region Impurity and Prediction Uncertainty for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 56
  5. 2023C-SFDA: A Curriculum Learning Aided Self-Training Framework for Efficient Source Free Domain Adaptationcited by 49
  6. 2022Pin the Memory: Learning to Generalize Semantic Segmentationcited by 48
  7. 2022Class-Balanced Pixel-Level Self-Labeling for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 47
  8. 2022A Survey on Label-efficient Deep Image Segmentation: Bridging the Gap between Weak Supervision and Dense Predictioncited by 46
  9. 2022Behind Every Domain There is a Shift: Adapting Distortion-aware Vision Transformers for Panoramic Semantic Segmentationcited by 46
  10. 2021DSP: Dual Soft-Paste for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 45
  11. 2021Source-Free Open Compound Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentationcited by 43
  12. 2022PiPa: Pixel- and Patch-wise Self-supervised Learning for Domain Adaptative Semantic Segmentationcited by 41
  13. 2021Spectral Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Visual Recognitioncited by 40
  14. 2022Prototypical Contrast Adaptation for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 40
  15. 2022BMD: A General Class-balanced Multicentric Dynamic Prototype Strategy for Source-free Domain Adaptationcited by 39
  16. 2022GIPSO: Geometrically Informed Propagation for Online Adaptation in 3D LiDAR Segmentationcited by 35
  17. 2023HairStep: Transfer Synthetic to Real Using Strand and Depth Maps for Single-View 3D Hair Modelingcited by 35
  18. 2023One-shot Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Personalized Diffusion Modelscited by 35
  19. 2021Transfer beyond the Field of View: Dense Panoramic Semantic Segmentation via Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 34
  20. 2024Semantics, Distortion, and Style Matter: Towards Source-free UDA for Panoramic Segmentationcited by 34
  21. 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
  22. 2023Collaborating Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 33
  23. 2022Refign: Align and Refine for Adaptation of Semantic Segmentation to Adverse Conditionscited by 31
  24. 2022Deliberated Domain Bridging for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 31
  25. 2023Survey on Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation for Visual Perception in Automated Drivingcited by 29
  26. 2023DARE-GRAM : Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Regression by Aligning Inverse Gram Matricescited by 28
  27. 2024360SFUDA++: Towards Source-free UDA for Panoramic Segmentation by Learning Reliable Category Prototypescited by 28
  28. 2023FREDOM: Fairness Domain Adaptation Approach to Semantic Scene Understandingcited by 27
  29. 2023Diffusion-based Image Translation with Label Guidance for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 27
  30. 2023Generalization by Adaptation: Diffusion-Based Domain Extension for Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 27
  31. 2021Both Style and Fog Matter: Cumulative Domain Adaptation for Semantic Foggy Scene Understandingcited by 26
  32. 2023Domain Adaptive and Generalizable Network Architectures and Training Strategies for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 26
  33. 2023Balancing Logit Variation for Long-tailed Semantic Segmentationcited by 26
  34. 2021Improving Semi-Supervised and Domain-Adaptive Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimationcited by 25
  35. 2021UDA-COPE: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Category-level Object Pose Estimationcited by 25
  36. 2023MAPSeg: Unified Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Heterogeneous Medical Image Segmentation Based on 3D Masked Autoencoding and Pseudo-Labelingcited by 25
  37. 2021DA-DETR: Domain Adaptive Detection Transformer with Information Fusioncited by 24
  38. 2024UniMix: Towards Domain Adaptive and Generalizable LiDAR Semantic Segmentation in Adverse Weathercited by 24

50 most cited of 268 All 268 (JSON)