mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

WildNet: Learning Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation from the Wild

arXiv 2204.01446 ↗First posted 4 Apr 2022cs.CVcited by 75

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We present a new domain generalized semantic segmentation network named WildNet, which learns domain-generalized features by leveraging a variety of contents and styles from the wild. In domain generalization, the low generalization ability for unseen target domains is clearly due to overfitting to the source domain. To address this problem, previous works have focused on generalizing the domain by removing or diversifying the styles of the source domain. These alleviated overfitting to the source-style but overlooked overfitting to the source-content. In this paper, we propose to diversify both the content and style of the source domain with the help of the wild. Our main idea is for networks to naturally learn domain-generalized semantic information from the wild. To this end, we diversify styles by augmenting source features to resemble wild styles and enable networks to adapt to a variety of styles. Furthermore, we encourage networks to learn class-discriminant features by providing semantic variations borrowed from the wild to source contents in the feature space. Finally, we regularize networks to capture consistent semantic information even when both the content and style of the source domain are extended to the wild. Extensive experiments on five different datasets validate the effectiveness of our WildNet, and we significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods. The source code and model are available online: https://github.com/suhyeonlee/WildNet.

Key facts. Cited by 75 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2022.

Builds on

58 of 67 references.

References · 58

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  4. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
  5. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  6. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  7. 2016The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understandingcited by 4,427
  8. 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
  9. 2018Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 3,210
  10. 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,803
  11. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  12. 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,838
38 more
  1. 2018BDD100K: A Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learningcited by 1,282
  2. 2016Deep CORAL: Correlation Alignment for Deep Domain Adaptationcited by 1,194
  3. 2018ShuffleNet V2: Practical Guidelines for Efficient CNN Architecture Designcited by 1,132
  4. 2017CyCADA: Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Domain Adaptationcited by 1,079
  5. 2016Playing for Data: Ground Truth from Computer Gamescited by 816
  6. 2018ADVENT: Adversarial Entropy Minimization for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentationcited by 623
  7. 2018Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentationcited by 584
  8. 2021Domain Generalization with MixStylecited by 563
  9. 2020FDA: Fourier Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentationcited by 540
  10. 2019Panoptic-DeepLabcited by 362
  11. 2018Two at Once: Enhancing Learning and Generalization Capacities via IBN-Netcited by 361
  12. 2017Universal Style Transfer via Feature Transformscited by 352
  13. 2021With a Little Help from My Friends: Nearest-Neighbor Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 324
  14. 2019Bidirectional Learning for Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentationcited by 308
  15. 2021Prototypical Pseudo Label Denoising and Target Structure Learning for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentationcited by 268
  16. 2019Domain Randomization and Pyramid Consistency: Simulation-to-Real Generalization without Accessing Target Domain Datacited by 245
  17. 2016FCNs in the Wild: Pixel-level Adversarial and Constraint-based Adaptationcited by 242
  18. 2021RobustNet: Improving Domain Generalization in Urban-Scene Segmentation via Instance Selective Whiteningcited by 213
  19. 2017Neural Style Transfer: A Reviewcited by 199
  20. 2020Unsupervised Intra-domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation through Self-Supervisioncited by 198
  21. 2020Hierarchical Multi-Scale Attention for Semantic Segmentationcited by 183
  22. 2019UPSNet: A Unified Panoptic Segmentation Networkcited by 175
  23. 2021FSDR: Frequency Space Domain Randomization for Domain Generalizationcited by 163
  24. 2017Demystifying Neural Style Transfercited by 152
  25. 2020Classes Matter: A Fine-grained Adversarial Approach to Cross-domain Semantic Segmentationcited by 142
  26. 2021Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Pixel-Level Contrastive Learning from a Class-wise Memory Bankcited by 125
  27. 2020EfficientPS: Efficient Panoptic Segmentationcited by 111
  28. 2020CrDoCo: Pixel-level Domain Transfer with Cross-Domain Consistencycited by 107
  29. 2019Switchable Whitening for Deep Representation Learningcited by 105
  30. 2021Pixel Contrastive-Consistent Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 101
  31. 2016Controlling Perceptual Factors in Neural Style Transfercited by 99
  32. 2020Contrastive Learning for Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 93
  33. 2018Decorrelated Batch Normalizationcited by 83
  34. 2018Fully Convolutional Adaptation Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 75
  35. 2021Hierarchical Memory Matching Network for Video Object Segmentationcited by 72
  36. 2020Cars Can't Fly up in the Sky: Improving Urban-Scene Segmentation via Height-driven Attention Networkscited by 70
  37. 2019Unsupervised Domain Adaptation using Feature-Whitening and Consensus Losscited by 67
  38. 2020Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation Using Weak Labelscited by 56

50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 24; 2024: 15; 2025: 22; 2026: 8.

75 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023TTN: A Domain-Shift Aware Batch Normalization in Test-Time Adaptationcited by 101
  2. 2023Stronger, Fewer, & Superior: Harnessing Vision Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 82
  3. 2023Towards Open-Set Test-Time Adaptation Utilizing the Wisdom of Crowds in Entropy Minimizationcited by 39
  4. 2022PASTA: Proportional Amplitude Spectrum Training Augmentation for Syn-to-Real Domain Generalizationcited by 38
  5. 2023Survey on Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation for Visual Perception in Automated Drivingcited by 29
  6. 2023Learning Content-enhanced Mask Transformer for Domain Generalized Urban-Scene Segmentationcited by 29
  7. 2023A Simple Recipe for Language-guided Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 27
  8. 2023Generalization by Adaptation: Diffusion-Based Domain Extension for Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 27
  9. 2023Semantic Image Segmentation: Two Decades of Researchcited by 26
  10. 2023Texture Learning Domain Randomization for Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 23
  11. 2024Rethinking Multi-domain Generalization with A General Learning Objectivecited by 23
  12. 2025Mamba as a Bridge: Where Vision Foundation Models Meet Vision Language Models for Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 23
38 more
  1. 2022Style-Hallucinated Dual Consistency Learning: A Unified Framework for Visual Domain Generalizationcited by 22
  2. 2024SoMA: Singular Value Decomposed Minor Components Adaptation for Domain Generalizable Representation Learningcited by 22
  3. 2024Learning Spectral-Decomposed Tokens for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 21
  4. 2023Strong but simple: A Baseline for Domain Generalized Dense Perception by CLIP-based Transfer Learningcited by 20
  5. 2024Textual Query-Driven Mask Transformer for Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 20
  6. 2023Domain Generalization via Balancing Training Difficulty and Model Capabilitycited by 19
  7. 2022Intra-Source Style Augmentation for Improved Domain Generalizationcited by 17
  8. 2024Style Blind Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation via Covariance Alignment and Semantic Consistence Contrastive Learningcited by 17
  9. 2025FisherTune: Fisher-Guided Robust Tuning of Vision Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 15
  10. 2023Generalized Semantic Segmentation by Self-Supervised Source Domain Projection and Multi-Level Contrastive Learningcited by 11
  11. 2023MRFP: Learning Generalizable Semantic Segmentation from Sim-2-Real with Multi-Resolution Feature Perturbationcited by 11
  12. 2023Augmentation-based Domain Generalization for Semantic Segmentationcited by 10
  13. 2022Style Interleaved Learning for Generalizable Person Re-identificationcited by 8
  14. 2022Semantic Self-adaptation: Enhancing Generalization with a Single Samplecited by 8
  15. 2023A Re-Parameterized Vision Transformer (ReVT) for Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 8
  16. 2023Intra- & Extra-Source Exemplar-Based Style Synthesis for Improved Domain Generalizationcited by 7
  17. 2024Exploring Semantic Consistency and Style Diversity for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 7
  18. 2023IBAFormer: Intra-batch Attention Transformer for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  19. 2025Learning Fine-grained Domain Generalization via Hyperbolic State Space Hallucinationcited by 6
  20. 2025Stronger, Steadier & Superior: Geometric Consistency in Depth VFM Forges Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
  21. 2023Domain Generalization for Crop Segmentation with Standardized Ensemble Knowledge Distillationcited by 5
  22. 2023Exploring Flat Minima for Domain Generalization with Large Learning Ratescited by 4
  23. 2024Language-Guided Instance-Aware Domain-Adaptive Panoptic Segmentationcited by 4
  24. 2025Exploiting Domain Properties in Language-Driven Domain Generalization for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
  25. 2022False Negative Reduction in Semantic Segmentation under Domain Shift using Depth Estimationcited by 3
  26. 2023Semantic Connectivity-Driven Pseudo-labeling for Cross-domain Segmentationcited by 3
  27. 2025Style-Adaptive Detection Transformer for Single-Source Domain Generalized Object Detectioncited by 3
  28. 2025Exploring Probabilistic Modeling Beyond Domain Generalization for Semantic Segmentationcited by 3
  29. 2023Not All Pixels Are Equal: Learning Pixel Hardness for Semantic Segmentationcited by 2
  30. 2023Bridging Generalization Gaps in High Content Imaging Through Online Self-Supervised Domain Adaptationcited by 2
  31. 2024ED-SAM: An Efficient Diffusion Sampling Approach to Domain Generalization in Vision-Language Foundation Modelscited by 2
  32. 2025Single-Domain Generalized Object Detection by Balancing Domain Diversity and Invariancecited by 2
  33. 2025Let Synthetic Data Shine: Domain Reassembly and Soft-Fusion for Single Domain Generalizationcited by 2
  34. 2025Rein++: Efficient Generalization and Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation with Vision Foundation Modelscited by 2
  35. 2023Calibration-based Dual Prototypical Contrastive Learning Approach for Domain Generalization Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
  36. 2024Semantic-Rearrangement-Based Multi-Level Alignment for Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 1
  37. 2024Complex Style Image Transformations for Domain Generalization in Medical Imagescited by 1
  38. 2024Domain Adaptation with a Single Vision-Language Embeddingcited by 1

50 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)