Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Object Detectors: A Survey
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in deep learning have led to the development of accurate and efficient models for various computer vision applications such as classification, segmentation, and detection. However, learning highly accurate models relies on the availability of large-scale annotated datasets. Due to this, model performance drops drastically when evaluated on label-scarce datasets having visually distinct images, termed as domain adaptation problem. There is a plethora of works to adapt classification and segmentation models to label-scarce target datasets through unsupervised domain adaptation. Considering that detection is a fundamental task in computer vision, many recent works have focused on developing novel domain adaptive detection techniques. Here, we describe in detail the domain adaptation problem for detection and present an extensive survey of the various methods. Furthermore, we highlight strategies proposed and the associated shortcomings. Subsequently, we identify multiple aspects of the problem that are most promising for future research. We believe that this survey shall be valuable to the pattern recognition experts working in the fields of computer vision, biometrics, medical imaging, and autonomous navigation by introducing them to the problem, and familiarizing them with the current status of the progress while providing promising directions for future research.
Key facts. Cited by 93 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 141 of its 206 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2021.
Builds on
141 of 206 references.
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50 most cited of 141 All 141 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 5; 2023: 20; 2024: 33; 2025: 24; 2026: 7.
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- 2023Contrastive Mean Teacher for Domain Adaptive Object Detectorscited by 53
- 2024Lightweight Adaptive Feature De-drifting for Compressed Image Classificationcited by 46
- 2023COCO-O: A Benchmark for Object Detectors under Natural Distribution Shiftscited by 34
- 2023Survey on Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation for Visual Perception in Automated Drivingcited by 29
- 2024Improving Single Domain-Generalized Object Detection: A Focus on Diversification and Alignmentcited by 29
- 2021Meta-UDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Thermal Object Detection using Meta-Learningcited by 25
- 2023A Survey on the Robustness of Computer Vision Models against Common Corruptionscited by 21
- 2024RoboFusion: Towards Robust Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection via SAMcited by 20
- 2023S2R-ViT for Multi-Agent Cooperative Perception: Bridging the Gap from Simulation to Realitycited by 18
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- 2026Towards robust multimodal 3D object detection via visual foundation models20 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust Online Aero-Engine Blade Defect Detection via Dual-Alignment Test-Time Adaptation4 Sep 2026
- 2026RailSyn: Diagnosis-Guided Image Generation for Traceable Data Completion in Railway Foreign Object Detection31 Aug 2026
- 2026FUSEP: A Multi-Center Benchmark for Diverse Tasks in Early Pregnancy Fetal Ultrasound Screening5 Aug 2026
- 2026Generalization Under Scrutiny: Cross-Domain Detection Progresses, Pitfalls, and Persistent Challenges9 Apr 2026
- 2026Rethinking Representations for Cross-Domain Infrared Small Target Detection: A Generalizable Perspective from the Frequency Domain2 Apr 2026
- 2026An Annotation-to-Detection Framework for Autonomous and Robust Vine Trunk Localization in the Field by Mobile Agricultural Robots20 Mar 2026
- 2025OMUDA: Omni-level Masking for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation13 Dec 2025
- 2025ALDI-ray: Adapting the ALDI Framework for Security X-ray Object Detection2 Dec 2025
- 2025HEAL: Learning-Free Source Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation22 Nov 2025
- 2025Mitigating Negative Transfer via Reducing Environmental Disagreement28 Oct 2025
- 2025CoDS: Enhancing Collaborative Perception in Heterogeneous Scenarios via Domain Separation15 Oct 2025
12 newest of 91 All 91 (JSON)