mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TrajGAIL: Generating Urban Vehicle Trajectories using Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning

arXiv 2007.14189 ↗First posted 28 Jul 2020cs.LG stat.MLcited by 46

On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Imitation and offline RL for driving

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, an abundant amount of urban vehicle trajectory data has been collected in road networks. Many studies have used machine learning algorithms to analyze patterns in vehicle trajectories to predict location sequences of individual travelers. Unlike the previous studies that used a discriminative modeling approach, this research suggests a generative modeling approach to learn the underlying distributions of urban vehicle trajectory data. A generative model for urban vehicle trajectories can better generalize from training data by learning the underlying distribution of the training data and, thus, produce synthetic vehicle trajectories similar to real vehicle trajectories with limited observations. Synthetic trajectories can provide solutions to data sparsity or data privacy issues in using location data. This research proposesTrajGAIL, a generative adversarial imitation learning framework for the urban vehicle trajectory generation. In TrajGAIL, learning location sequences in observed trajectories is formulated as an imitation learning problem in a partially observable Markov decision process. The model is trained by the generative adversarial framework, which uses the reward function from the adversarial discriminator. The model is tested with both simulation and real-world datasets, and the results show that the proposed model obtained significant performance gains compared to existing models in sequence modeling.

Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation and offline RL for driving, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 10 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2020.

Builds on

10 of 59 references.

References · 10

  1. 2014Conditional Generative Adversarial Netscited by 2,152
  2. 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
  3. 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,710
  4. 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,576
  5. 2016InfoGAN: Interpretable Representation Learning by Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Netscited by 858
  6. 2018MolGAN: An implicit generative model for small molecular graphscited by 392
  7. 2016Adversarially Learned Inferencecited by 216
  8. 2017PacGAN: The power of two samples in generative adversarial networkscited by 104
  9. 2020LSTM-TrajGAN: A Deep Learning Approach to Trajectory Privacy Protectioncited by 57
  10. 2018Attention-based Recurrent Neural Network for Urban Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 5

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 6; 2023: 4; 2024: 13; 2025: 12; 2026: 7.

46 papers.

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  1. 2024Large Language Models as Urban Residents: An LLM Agent Framework for Personal Mobility Generationcited by 99
  2. 2023On the Opportunities and Challenges of Foundation Models for Geospatial Artificial Intelligencecited by 88
  3. 2024WcDT: World-centric Diffusion Transformer for Traffic Scene Generationcited by 31
  4. 2024Diff-RNTraj: A Structure-aware Diffusion Model for Road Network-constrained Trajectory Generationcited by 28
  5. 2024COLA: Cross-city Mobility Transformer for Human Trajectory Simulationcited by 25
  6. 2023Machine Learning for Autonomous Vehicle's Trajectory Prediction: A comprehensive survey, Challenges, and Future Research Directionscited by 23
  7. 2025Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Driving: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directionscited by 14
  8. 2024Diffusion Imitation from Observationcited by 12
  9. 2022A deep inverse reinforcement learning approach to route choice modeling with context-dependent rewardscited by 10
  10. 2024PateGail: A Privacy-Preserving Mobility Trajectory Generator with Imitation Learningcited by 8
  11. 2021A novel method of predictive collision risk area estimation for proactive pedestrian accident prevention system in urban surveillance infrastructurecited by 7
  12. 2025OmniGeo: Towards a Multimodal Large Language Models for Geospatial Artificial Intelligencecited by 7
34 more
  1. 2025Seeking to Collide: Online Safety-Critical Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving with Retrieval Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 7
  2. 2022CBLab: Supporting the Training of Large-scale Traffic Control Policies with Scalable Traffic Simulationcited by 6
  3. 2023CATS: Conditional Adversarial Trajectory Synthesis for Privacy-Preserving Trajectory Data Publication Using Deep Learning Approachescited by 6
  4. 2024A Gentle Introduction and Tutorial on Deep Generative Models in Transportation Researchcited by 4
  5. 2024Building Real-time Awareness of Out-of-distribution in Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 3
  6. 2026ELLMob: Event-Driven Human Mobility Generation with Self-Aligned LLM Frameworkcited by 3
  7. 2021Transformer-based Map Matching Model with Limited Ground-Truth Data using Transfer-Learning Approachcited by 2
  8. 2022Privacy-Aware Human Mobility Prediction via Adversarial Networkscited by 2
  9. 2022Privacy-Aware Adversarial Network in Human Mobility Predictioncited by 2
  10. 2024On-demand Quantization for Green Federated Generative Diffusion in Mobile Edge Networkscited by 2
  11. 2024Communication-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Controlcited by 2
  12. 2025Towards Physics-informed Diffusion for Anomaly Detection in Trajectoriescited by 2
  13. 2024PAIL: Performance based Adversarial Imitation Learning Engine for Carbon Neutral Optimizationcited by 1
  14. 2021Deep Learning based Urban Vehicle Trajectory Analyticscited by 0
  15. 2021Deep Generative Models for Vehicle Speed Trajectoriescited by 0
  16. 2022A Framework for Pedestrian Sub-classification and Arrival Time Prediction at Signalized Intersection Using Preprocessed Lidar Datacited by 0
  17. 2022Estimating Link Flows in Road Networks with Synthetic Trajectory Data Generation: Reinforcement Learning-based Approachescited by 0
  18. 2023Synthetically Generating Human-like Data for Sequential Decision Making Tasks via Reward-Shaped Imitation Learningcited by 0
  19. 2024Extrinsicaly Rewarded Soft Q Imitation Learning with Discriminatorcited by 0
  20. 2024Data-Driven Traffic Simulation for an Intersection in a Metropoliscited by 0
  21. 2025Toward Safe Integration of UAM in Terminal Airspace: UAM Route Feasibility Assessment using Probabilistic Aircraft Trajectory Predictioncited by 0
  22. 2025EPR-GAIL: An EPR-Enhanced Hierarchical Imitation Learning Framework to Simulate Complex User Consumption Behaviorscited by 0
  23. 2025Analyzing sequential activity and travel decisions with interpretable deep inverse reinforcement learningcited by 0
  24. 2025Ctx2TrajGen: Traffic Context-Aware Microscale Vehicle Trajectories using Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 0
  25. 2025Group Effect Enhanced Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning for Individual Travel Behavior Modeling under Incentivescited by 0
  26. 2025A Neural ODE Approach to Aircraft Flight Dynamics Modellingcited by 0
  27. 2025Dynamic Population Distribution Aware Human Trajectory Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 0
  28. 2025Data-Efficient and Robust Trajectory Generation through Pathlet Dictionary Learningcited by 0
  29. 2026TrajGPT-R: Generating Urban Mobility Trajectory with Reinforcement Learning-Enhanced Generative Pre-trained Transformercited by 0
  30. 2026GPS-Enhanced Tourist Mobility Modeling with Seasonal Spatial Priors and LLM-Based Activity Chain Generationcited by 0
  31. 2026CityTrajBench: A Unified Benchmark for City-Scale Vehicle Trajectory Generationcited by 0
  32. 2026Coarse-to-Fine Multi-Resolution Diffusion Models for Trajectory Generation in Urban Systemscited by 0
  33. 2026Editable Map-Conditioned Trajectory Generation for Human Mobility Simulationcited by 0
  34. 2026Relative Transitions, Not Absolute Destinations: A Transfer-and-Ground Framework for Target-Trajectory-Free Human Mobility Generationcited by 0

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  1. 2021Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving on Urban Environments
  2. 2025Generative Modeling for Adversarial Lane-Change Scenarios ↗
  3. 2025VideoGAN-based Trajectory Proposal for Automated Vehicles
  4. 2022Hierarchical Model-Based Imitation Learning for Planning in Autonomous Driving
  5. 2019Conditional Vehicle Trajectories Prediction in CARLA Urban Environment
  6. 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: A Review
  7. 2025Learning to Drive by Imitating Surrounding Vehicles
  8. 2020VTGNet: A Vision-based Trajectory Generation Network for Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Environments