LAEO-Net: revisiting people Looking At Each Other in videos
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Abstract (arXiv)
Capturing the `mutual gaze' of people is essential for understanding and interpreting the social interactions between them. To this end, this paper addresses the problem of detecting people Looking At Each Other (LAEO) in video sequences. For this purpose, we propose LAEO-Net, a new deep CNN for determining LAEO in videos. In contrast to previous works, LAEO-Net takes spatio-temporal tracks as input and reasons about the whole track. It consists of three branches, one for each character's tracked head and one for their relative position. Moreover, we introduce two new LAEO datasets: UCO-LAEO and AVA-LAEO. A thorough experimental evaluation demonstrates the ability of LAEONet to successfully determine if two people are LAEO and the temporal window where it happens. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results on the existing TVHID-LAEO video dataset, significantly outperforming previous approaches. Finally, we apply LAEO-Net to social network analysis, where we automatically infer the social relationship between pairs of people based on the frequency and duration that they LAEO.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 6; 2023: 6; 2024: 3; 2025: 5; 2026: 6.
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- 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,530
- 2021Appearance-based Gaze Estimation With Deep Learning: A Review and Benchmarkcited by 82
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoderscited by 36
- 2023ChildPlay: A New Benchmark for Understanding Children's Gaze Behaviourcited by 35
- 2021Automatic Gaze Analysis: A Survey of Deep Learning based Approachescited by 33
- 2023A Modular Multimodal Architecture for Gaze Target Prediction: Application to Privacy-Sensitive Settingscited by 31
- 2022The One Where They Reconstructed 3D Humans and Environments in TV Showscited by 30
- 2021Weakly-Supervised Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimationcited by 28
- 2021UniCon: Unified Context Network for Robust Active Speaker Detectioncited by 27
- 2021Face, Body, Voice: Video Person-Clustering with Multiple Modalitiescited by 24
- 2022Multimodal Across Domains Gaze Target Detectioncited by 22
- 2025Shot-by-Shot: Film-Grammar-Aware Training-Free Audio Description Generationcited by 13
22 more
- 2025Towards Online Multi-Modal Social Interaction Understandingcited by 12
- 20223DGazeNet: Generalizing Gaze Estimation with Weak-Supervision from Synthetic Viewscited by 11
- 2021HHP-Net: A light Heteroscedastic neural network for Head Pose estimation with uncertaintycited by 9
- 2025Enhancing 3D Gaze Estimation in the Wild using Weak Supervision with Gaze Following Labelscited by 9
- 2023How you feelin'? Learning Emotions and Mental States in Movie Scenescited by 6
- 2022HAZE-Net: High-Frequency Attentive Super-Resolved Gaze Estimation in Low-Resolution Face Imagescited by 4
- 2022MGTR: End-to-End Mutual Gaze Detection with Transformercited by 3
- 2023Multimodal Group Emotion Recognition In-the-wild Using Privacy-Compliant Featurescited by 3
- 2024A Novel Framework for Multi-Person Temporal Gaze Following and Social Gaze Predictioncited by 3
- 2024Video-based Analysis Reveals Atypical Social Gaze in People with Autism Spectrum Disordercited by 2
- 2022Learning Video-independent Eye Contact Segmentation from In-the-Wild Videoscited by 1
- 2023Sharingan: A Transformer-based Architecture for Gaze Followingcited by 1
- 2021LAEO-Net++: revisiting people Looking At Each Other in videoscited by 0
- 2023Machine Learning for Brain Disorders: Transformers and Visual Transformerscited by 0
- 2025Stable Tracking of Eye Gaze Direction During Ophthalmic Surgerycited by 0
- 2025CSGaze: Context-aware Social Gaze Predictioncited by 0
- 2026End-to-End Shared Attention Estimation via Group Detection with Feedback Refinementcited by 0
- 2026Eyes on VLM: Benchmarking Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction in Vision Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Followingcited by 0
- 2026When Eyes Betray AI: Social Gaze Consistency as a Semantic Cue for AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Gaze Target Estimation Anywhere with Conceptscited by 0
- 2026From Gaze to Meaning: A Training-Free AI Agent for Unified Grounding and Explanationcited by 0
- 2026From Gaze to Meaning: A Training-Free AI Agent for Unified Grounding and Explanation5 Sep 2026
- 2026Gaze Target Estimation Anywhere with Concepts11 Aug 2026
- 2026When Eyes Betray AI: Social Gaze Consistency as a Semantic Cue for AI-Generated Image Detection26 May 2026
- 2026OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Following26 May 2026
- 2026Eyes on VLM: Benchmarking Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction in Vision Language Models19 May 2026
- 2026End-to-End Shared Attention Estimation via Group Detection with Feedback Refinement2 Apr 2026
- 2025CSGaze: Context-aware Social Gaze Prediction8 Nov 2025
- 2025Stable Tracking of Eye Gaze Direction During Ophthalmic Surgery1 Jul 2025
- 2025Shot-by-Shot: Film-Grammar-Aware Training-Free Audio Description Generation1 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Online Multi-Modal Social Interaction Understanding25 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhancing 3D Gaze Estimation in the Wild using Weak Supervision with Gaze Following Labels27 Feb 2025
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoders12 Dec 2024
22 more
- 2024Video-based Analysis Reveals Atypical Social Gaze in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder1 Sep 2024
- 2024A Novel Framework for Multi-Person Temporal Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction15 Mar 2024
- 2023Multimodal Group Emotion Recognition In-the-wild Using Privacy-Compliant Features6 Dec 2023
- 2023Sharingan: A Transformer-based Architecture for Gaze Following1 Oct 2023
- 2023A Modular Multimodal Architecture for Gaze Target Prediction: Application to Privacy-Sensitive Settings11 Jul 2023
- 2023ChildPlay: A New Benchmark for Understanding Children's Gaze Behaviour4 Jul 2023
- 2023How you feelin'? Learning Emotions and Mental States in Movie Scenes12 Apr 2023
- 2023Machine Learning for Brain Disorders: Transformers and Visual Transformers21 Mar 2023
- 20223DGazeNet: Generalizing Gaze Estimation with Weak-Supervision from Synthetic Views6 Dec 2022
- 2022Learning Video-independent Eye Contact Segmentation from In-the-Wild Videos5 Oct 2022
- 2022MGTR: End-to-End Mutual Gaze Detection with Transformer22 Sep 2022
- 2022HAZE-Net: High-Frequency Attentive Super-Resolved Gaze Estimation in Low-Resolution Face Images21 Sep 2022
- 2022Multimodal Across Domains Gaze Target Detection23 Aug 2022
- 2022The One Where They Reconstructed 3D Humans and Environments in TV Shows28 Jul 2022
- 2021HHP-Net: A light Heteroscedastic neural network for Head Pose estimation with uncertainty2 Nov 2021
- 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Video13 Oct 2021
- 2021Automatic Gaze Analysis: A Survey of Deep Learning based Approaches12 Aug 2021
- 2021UniCon: Unified Context Network for Robust Active Speaker Detection5 Aug 2021
- 2021Face, Body, Voice: Video Person-Clustering with Multiple Modalities20 May 2021
- 2021Weakly-Supervised Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimation20 May 2021
- 2021Appearance-based Gaze Estimation With Deep Learning: A Review and Benchmark26 Apr 2021
- 2021LAEO-Net++: revisiting people Looking At Each Other in videos6 Jan 2021
- 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,530
- 2021Appearance-based Gaze Estimation With Deep Learning: A Review and Benchmarkcited by 82
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoderscited by 36
- 2023ChildPlay: A New Benchmark for Understanding Children's Gaze Behaviourcited by 35
- 2021Automatic Gaze Analysis: A Survey of Deep Learning based Approachescited by 33
- 2023A Modular Multimodal Architecture for Gaze Target Prediction: Application to Privacy-Sensitive Settingscited by 31
- 2022The One Where They Reconstructed 3D Humans and Environments in TV Showscited by 30
- 2021Weakly-Supervised Physically Unconstrained Gaze Estimationcited by 28
- 2021UniCon: Unified Context Network for Robust Active Speaker Detectioncited by 27
- 2021Face, Body, Voice: Video Person-Clustering with Multiple Modalitiescited by 24
- 2022Multimodal Across Domains Gaze Target Detectioncited by 22
- 2025Shot-by-Shot: Film-Grammar-Aware Training-Free Audio Description Generationcited by 13
12 most cited of 32 All 32 (JSON)
- 2026Gaze Target Estimation Anywhere with Concepts11 Aug 2026
- 2026When Eyes Betray AI: Social Gaze Consistency as a Semantic Cue for AI-Generated Image Detection26 May 2026
- 2026OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Following26 May 2026
- 2026End-to-End Shared Attention Estimation via Group Detection with Feedback Refinement2 Apr 2026
- 2025CSGaze: Context-aware Social Gaze Prediction8 Nov 2025
- 2025Stable Tracking of Eye Gaze Direction During Ophthalmic Surgery1 Jul 2025
- 2025Shot-by-Shot: Film-Grammar-Aware Training-Free Audio Description Generation1 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Online Multi-Modal Social Interaction Understanding25 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhancing 3D Gaze Estimation in the Wild using Weak Supervision with Gaze Following Labels27 Feb 2025
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoders12 Dec 2024
- 2024Video-based Analysis Reveals Atypical Social Gaze in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder1 Sep 2024
- 2024A Novel Framework for Multi-Person Temporal Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction15 Mar 2024
12 newest of 32 All 32 (JSON)