mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Face, Body, Voice: Video Person-Clustering with Multiple Modalities

arXiv 2105.09939 ↗First posted 20 May 2021cs.CVcited by 24

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Abstract (arXiv)

The objective of this work is person-clustering in videos -- grouping characters according to their identity. Previous methods focus on the narrower task of face-clustering, and for the most part ignore other cues such as the person's voice, their overall appearance (hair, clothes, posture), and the editing structure of the videos. Similarly, most current datasets evaluate only the task of face-clustering, rather than person-clustering. This limits their applicability to downstream applications such as story understanding which require person-level, rather than only face-level, reasoning. In this paper we make contributions to address both these deficiencies: first, we introduce a Multi-Modal High-Precision Clustering algorithm for person-clustering in videos using cues from several modalities (face, body, and voice). Second, we introduce a Video Person-Clustering dataset, for evaluating multi-modal person-clustering. It contains body-tracks for each annotated character, face-tracks when visible, and voice-tracks when speaking, with their associated features. The dataset is by far the largest of its kind, and covers films and TV-shows representing a wide range of demographics. Finally, we show the effectiveness of using multiple modalities for person-clustering, explore the use of this new broad task for story understanding through character co-occurrences, and achieve a new state of the art on all available datasets for face and person-clustering.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 85 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2021.

Builds on

36 of 85 references.

References · 36

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24 more
  1. 2020Smooth-AP: Smoothing the Path Towards Large-Scale Image Retrievalcited by 98
  2. 2019Efficient Parameter-free Clustering Using First Neighbor Relationscited by 96
  3. 2020Condensed Movies: Story Based Retrieval with Contextual Embeddingscited by 95
  4. 2017MovieGraphs: Towards Understanding Human-Centric Situations from Videoscited by 67
  5. 2018Seeing Voices and Hearing Faces: Cross-modal biometric matchingcited by 60
  6. 2018Learnable PINs: Cross-Modal Embeddings for Person Identitycited by 60
  7. 2020A Local-to-Global Approach to Multi-modal Movie Scene Segmentationcited by 60
  8. 2019Utterance-level Aggregation For Speaker Recognition In The Wildcited by 49
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  10. 2016Clustering Millions of Faces by Identitycited by 26
  11. 2020Learning Interactions and Relationships between Movie Characterscited by 22
  12. 2020Clustering based Contrastive Learning for Improving Face Representationscited by 21
  13. 2015Beyond Frontal Faces: Improving Person Recognition Using Multiple Cuescited by 20
  14. 2018From Benedict Cumberbatch to Sherlock Holmes: Character Identification in TV series without a Scriptcited by 20
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 7; 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.

24 papers.

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  1. 2022Multimodal Learning with Transformers: A Surveycited by 399
  2. 2023One-Stage 3D Whole-Body Mesh Recovery with Component Aware Transformercited by 128
  3. 2023AutoAD II: The Sequel -- Who, When, and What in Movie Audio Descriptioncited by 48
  4. 2022The One Where They Reconstructed 3D Humans and Environments in TV Showscited by 30
  5. 2022Audio-visual Generalised Zero-shot Learning with Cross-modal Attention and Languagecited by 27
  6. 2021AVA-AVD: Audio-Visual Speaker Diarization in the Wildcited by 24
  7. 2025Shot-by-Shot: Film-Grammar-Aware Training-Free Audio Description Generationcited by 13
  8. 2024FunnyNet-W: Multimodal Learning of Funny Moments in Videos in the Wildcited by 9
  9. 2024MICap: A Unified Model for Identity-aware Movie Descriptionscited by 9
  10. 2022Using Active Speaker Faces for Diarization in TV showscited by 7
  11. 2023How you feelin'? Learning Emotions and Mental States in Movie Scenescited by 6
  12. 2022Audio visual character profiles for detecting background characters in entertainment mediacited by 4
12 more
  1. 2022Audio-Visual Activity Guided Cross-Modal Identity Association for Active Speaker Detectioncited by 4
  2. 2024Efficient Multiscale Multimodal Bottleneck Transformer for Audio-Video Classificationcited by 4
  3. 2024Audio Description Generation in the Era of LLMs and VLMs: A Review of Transferable Generative AI Technologiescited by 4
  4. 2025FocusedAD: Character-centric Movie Audio Descriptioncited by 3
  5. 2023Relation-Aware Distribution Representation Network for Person Clustering with Multiple Modalitiescited by 2
  6. 2024Character-aware audio-visual subtitling in contextcited by 2
  7. 2022Unsupervised active speaker detection in media content using cross-modal informationcited by 1
  8. 2024AnnoTheia: A Semi-Automatic Annotation Toolkit for Audio-Visual Speech Technologiescited by 1
  9. 2023Unified and Dynamic Graph for Temporal Character Grouping in Long Videoscited by 0
  10. 2026Automatic Funny Scene Extraction from Long-form Cinematic Videoscited by 0
  11. 2026MultiLinguahah : A New Unsupervised Multilingual Acoustic Laughter Segmentation Methodcited by 0
  12. 2026Face versus Body Tracking for Human-Robot Interaction: An Egocentric Datasetcited by 0