A Tale of Two Languages: Large-Vocabulary Continuous Sign Language Recognition from Spoken Language Supervision
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, our goals are two fold: large-vocabulary continuous sign language recognition (CSLR), and sign language retrieval. To this end, we introduce a multi-task Transformer model, CSLR2, that is able to ingest a signing sequence and output in a joint embedding space between signed language and spoken language text. To enable CSLR evaluation in the large-vocabulary setting, we introduce new dataset annotations that have been manually collected. These provide continuous sign-level annotations for six hours of test videos, and will be made publicly available. We demonstrate that by a careful choice of loss functions, training the model for both the CSLR and retrieval tasks is mutually beneficial in terms of performance -- retrieval improves CSLR performance by providing context, while CSLR improves retrieval with more fine-grained supervision. We further show the benefits of leveraging weak and noisy supervision from large-vocabulary datasets such as BOBSL, namely sign-level pseudo-labels, and English subtitles. Our model significantly outperforms the previous state of the art on both tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 May 2024.
Builds on
43 of 68 references.
References · 43
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,106
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,304
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,588
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,043
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,549
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,712
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,314
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,264
- 2022CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Modelscited by 1,267
- 2021Video Swin Transformercited by 1,090
- 2020MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understandingcited by 976
- 2019VideoBERT: A Joint Model for Video and Language Representation Learningcited by 702
31 more
- 2021CLIP4Clip: An Empirical Study of CLIP for End to End Video Clip Retrievalcited by 650
- 2020Multi-modal Transformer for Video Retrievalcited by 395
- 2020Sign Language Transformers: Joint End-to-end Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 256
- 2019Word-level Deep Sign Language Recognition from Video: A New Large-scale Dataset and Methods Comparisoncited by 217
- 2019Use What You Have: Video Retrieval Using Representations From Collaborative Expertscited by 214
- 2018A Joint Sequence Fusion Model for Video Question Answering and Retrievalcited by 208
- 2021Improving Sign Language Translation with Monolingual Data by Sign Back-Translationcited by 179
- 2020How2Sign: A Large-scale Multimodal Dataset for Continuous American Sign Languagecited by 173
- 2019The VIA Annotation Software for Images, Audio and Videocited by 167
- 2018MS-ASL: A Large-Scale Data Set and Benchmark for Understanding American Sign Languagecited by 118
- 2020BSL-1K: Scaling up co-articulated sign language recognition using mouthing cuescited by 106
- 2023Gloss-free Sign Language Translation: Improving from Visual-Language Pretrainingcited by 105
- 2023Filtering, Distillation, and Hard Negatives for Vision-Language Pre-Trainingcited by 91
- 2018Video-based Sign Language Recognition without Temporal Segmentationcited by 88
- 2019Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation: An Interdisciplinary Perspectivecited by 87
- 2021HiT: Hierarchical Transformer with Momentum Contrast for Video-Text Retrievalcited by 87
- 2022Open-Domain Sign Language Translation Learned from Online Videocited by 72
- 2020Multi-channel Transformers for Multi-articulatory Sign Language Translationcited by 71
- 2018Neural Sign Language Translation based on Human Keypoint Estimationcited by 65
- 2020Fully Convolutional Networks for Continuous Sign Language Recognitioncited by 58
- 2023Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translationcited by 51
- 2020Watch, read and lookup: learning to spot signs from multiple supervisorscited by 35
- 2021Read and Attend: Temporal Localisation in Sign Language Videoscited by 34
- 2023CiCo: Domain-Aware Sign Language Retrieval via Cross-Lingual Contrastive Learningcited by 33
- 2023Improving Continuous Sign Language Recognition with Cross-Lingual Signscited by 27
- 2021Aligning Subtitles in Sign Language Videoscited by 26
- 2022Sign Language Video Retrieval with Free-Form Textual Queriescited by 23
- 2022Automatic dense annotation of large-vocabulary sign language videoscited by 20
- 2020A Comprehensive Study on Deep Learning-based Methods for Sign Language Recognitioncited by 12
- 2021Sign Segmentation with Changepoint-Modulated Pseudo-Labellingcited by 10
- 2022Weakly-supervised Fingerspelling Recognition in British Sign Language Videoscited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 7.
15 papers.
Sort:
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cuescited by 26
- 2024SignCLIP: Connecting Text and Sign Language by Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2025SignRep: Enhancing Self-Supervised Sign Representationscited by 15
- 2025Deep Understanding of Sign Language for Sign to Subtitle Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Text-Driven 3D Hand Motion Generation from Sign Language Datacited by 5
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wildcited by 3
- 2025Segment, Embed, and Align: A Universal Recipe for Aligning Subtitles to Signingcited by 2
- 2026What's the Point? Spatial Grammar & Index Resolution for Sign Language Processingcited by 1
- 2026Recognising BSL Fingerspelling in Continuous Signing Sequencescited by 0
- 2026Gloss-Free Representation Learning for Cross-Dataset Sign Spottingcited by 0
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Videocited by 0
3 more
- 2026Machine Translation for Sign Languages1 Oct 2026
- 2026Beyond BLEU: A Case for Redefining Sign Language Translation Benchmarks3 Sep 2026
- 2026SignSeek: Learning Transferable Representations for Sign Dictionary Retrieval3 Sep 2026
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026Gloss-Free Representation Learning for Cross-Dataset Sign Spotting11 Aug 2026
- 2026What's the Point? Spatial Grammar & Index Resolution for Sign Language Processing6 Jun 2026
- 2026Recognising BSL Fingerspelling in Continuous Signing Sequences19 Mar 2026
- 2025Segment, Embed, and Align: A Universal Recipe for Aligning Subtitles to Signing8 Dec 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignment8 Dec 2025
- 2025Text-Driven 3D Hand Motion Generation from Sign Language Data21 Aug 2025
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wild28 Mar 2025
- 2025SignRep: Enhancing Self-Supervised Sign Representations11 Mar 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cuescited by 26
- 2024SignCLIP: Connecting Text and Sign Language by Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2025SignRep: Enhancing Self-Supervised Sign Representationscited by 15
- 2025Deep Understanding of Sign Language for Sign to Subtitle Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Text-Driven 3D Hand Motion Generation from Sign Language Datacited by 5
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wildcited by 3
- 2025Segment, Embed, and Align: A Universal Recipe for Aligning Subtitles to Signingcited by 2
- 2026What's the Point? Spatial Grammar & Index Resolution for Sign Language Processingcited by 1
- 2026Recognising BSL Fingerspelling in Continuous Signing Sequencescited by 0
- 2026Gloss-Free Representation Learning for Cross-Dataset Sign Spottingcited by 0
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Videocited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026Machine Translation for Sign Languages1 Oct 2026
- 2026Beyond BLEU: A Case for Redefining Sign Language Translation Benchmarks3 Sep 2026
- 2026SignSeek: Learning Transferable Representations for Sign Dictionary Retrieval3 Sep 2026
- 2026SignMatch: Matching Dictionary Signs to Continuous Sign Language Video1 Sep 2026
- 2026Gloss-Free Representation Learning for Cross-Dataset Sign Spotting11 Aug 2026
- 2026What's the Point? Spatial Grammar & Index Resolution for Sign Language Processing6 Jun 2026
- 2026Recognising BSL Fingerspelling in Continuous Signing Sequences19 Mar 2026
- 2025Segment, Embed, and Align: A Universal Recipe for Aligning Subtitles to Signing8 Dec 2025
- 2025Lost in Translation, Found in Embeddings: Sign Language Translation and Alignment8 Dec 2025
- 2025Text-Driven 3D Hand Motion Generation from Sign Language Data21 Aug 2025
- 2025Understanding Co-speech Gestures in-the-wild28 Mar 2025
- 2025SignRep: Enhancing Self-Supervised Sign Representations11 Mar 2025
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)