Context-Aware Crowd Counting
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Abstract (arXiv)
State-of-the-art methods for counting people in crowded scenes rely on deep networks to estimate crowd density. They typically use the same filters over the whole image or over large image patches. Only then do they estimate local scale to compensate for perspective distortion. This is typically achieved by training an auxiliary classifier to select, for predefined image patches, the best kernel size among a limited set of choices. As such, these methods are not end-to-end trainable and restricted in the scope of context they can leverage. In this paper, we introduce an end-to-end trainable deep architecture that combines features obtained using multiple receptive field sizes and learns the importance of each such feature at each image location. In other words, our approach adaptively encodes the scale of the contextual information required to accurately predict crowd density. This yields an algorithm that outperforms state-of-the-art crowd counting methods, especially when perspective effects are strong.
Key facts. Cited by 150 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Nov 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 37; 2022: 32; 2023: 24; 2024: 22; 2025: 21; 2026: 14.
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- 2021Rethinking Counting and Localization in Crowds:A Purely Point-Based Frameworkcited by 152
- 2021Learning To Count Everythingcited by 150
- 2022An End-to-End Transformer Model for Crowd Localizationcited by 74
- 2022Boosting Crowd Counting via Multifaceted Attentioncited by 73
- 2021TransCrowd: weakly-supervised crowd counting with transformerscited by 61
- 2023Zero-shot Object Countingcited by 57
- 2022Few-shot Object Counting and Detectioncited by 55
- 2024DAVE -- A Detect-and-Verify Paradigm for Low-Shot Countingcited by 49
- 2023VLCounter: Text-aware Visual Representation for Zero-Shot Object Countingcited by 45
- 2022TransRAC: Encoding Multi-scale Temporal Correlation with Transformers for Repetitive Action Countingcited by 44
- 2023STEERER: Resolving Scale Variations for Counting and Localization via Selective Inheritance Learningcited by 41
- 2023Point-Query Quadtree for Crowd Counting, Localization, and Morecited by 40
38 more
- 2021Harnessing Perceptual Adversarial Patches for Crowd Countingcited by 39
- 2021Spatial Uncertainty-Aware Semi-Supervised Crowd Countingcited by 38
- 2021Focal Inverse Distance Transform Maps for Crowd Localizationcited by 36
- 2022Exemplar Free Class Agnostic Countingcited by 32
- 2021Detection, Tracking, and Counting Meets Drones in Crowds: A Benchmarkcited by 31
- 2021CCTrans: Simplifying and Improving Crowd Counting with Transformercited by 30
- 2022Cross-View Cross-Scene Multi-View Crowd Countingcited by 28
- 2021Leveraging Self-Supervision for Cross-Domain Crowd Countingcited by 24
- 2023Calibrating Uncertainty for Semi-Supervised Crowd Countingcited by 22
- 2024A Novel Unified Architecture for Low-Shot Counting by Detection and Segmentationcited by 21
- 2021Uniformity in Heterogeneity:Diving Deep into Count Interval Partition for Crowd Countingcited by 20
- 2023CrowdDiff: Multi-hypothesis Crowd Density Estimation using Diffusion Modelscited by 20
- 2024Teach CLIP to Develop a Number Sense for Ordinal Regressioncited by 20
- 2021Direct Measure Matching for Crowd Countingcited by 18
- 2022Revisiting Crowd Counting: State-of-the-art, Trends, and Future Perspectivescited by 16
- 2023Regressor-Segmenter Mutual Prompt Learning for Crowd Countingcited by 16
- 2021Crowd Counting via Perspective-Guided Fractional-Dilation Convolutioncited by 15
- 2022Backbones-Review: Feature Extraction Networks for Deep Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning Approachescited by 15
- 2025CrowdVLM-R1: Expanding R1 Ability to Vision Language Model for Crowd Counting using Fuzzy Group Relative Policy Rewardcited by 15
- 2023Boosting Detection in Crowd Analysis via Underutilized Output Featurescited by 14
- 2024NWPU-MOC: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Multi-category Object Counting in Aerial Imagescited by 14
- 2021Video Crowd Localization with Multi-focus Gaussian Neighborhood Attention and a Large-Scale Benchmarkcited by 13
- 2021Object Counting: You Only Need to Look at Onecited by 13
- 2022FusionCount: Efficient Crowd Counting via Multiscale Feature Fusioncited by 13
- 2021Audio-Visual Transformer Based Crowd Countingcited by 12
- 2021Scene-Adaptive Attention Network for Crowd Countingcited by 12
- 2024CLIP-EBC: CLIP Can Count Accurately through Enhanced Blockwise Classificationcited by 12
- 2024CountFormer: Multi-View Crowd Counting Transformercited by 12
- 2021Adaptive Convolutions with Per-pixel Dynamic Filter Atomcited by 11
- 2024Mind the Prompt: A Novel Benchmark for Prompt-based Class-Agnostic Countingcited by 11
- 2021Dense Point Prediction: A Simple Baseline for Crowd Counting and Localizationcited by 10
- 2021Coarse to Fine: Domain Adaptive Crowd Counting via Adversarial Scoring Networkcited by 10
- 2022Backdoor Attacks on Crowd Countingcited by 10
- 2021Spatiotemporal Dilated Convolution with Uncertain Matching for Video-based Crowd Estimationcited by 9
- 2022Forget Less, Count Better: A Domain-Incremental Self-Distillation Learning Benchmark for Lifelong Crowd Countingcited by 9
- 2023Zero-Shot Object Counting with Language-Vision Modelscited by 9
- 2021Rethinking Global Context in Crowd Countingcited by 8
- 2022CrowdFormer: Weakly-supervised Crowd counting with Improved Generalizabilitycited by 8
50 most cited of 150 All 150 (JSON)
- 2026COBICount: Separating Object and Background Responses for Remote Sensing Object Counting Without Training on Target Data30 Sep 2026
- 2026CrowdCue: Specialist-Cue Conditioning for Vision-Language Crowd Counting19 Sep 2026
- 2026DCA-MoE: Spatially Adaptive Cross-Layer Fusion and Density-Routed Experts for Crowd Counting15 Aug 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Hyper-Graph Fusion for Low-Light Crowd Counting17 Jun 2026
- 2026The MixCount Dataset: Bridging the Data Gap for Open-Vocabulary Object Counting18 May 2026
- 2026Does it Really Count? Assessing Semantic Grounding in Text-Guided Class-Agnostic Counting4 May 2026
- 2026Face Density as a Proxy for Data Complexity: Quantifying the Hardness of Instance Count6 Apr 2026
- 2026Granular Ball Guided Stable Latent Domain Discovery for Domain-General Crowd Counting25 Mar 2026
- 2026One-Shot Crowd Counting With Density Guidance For Scene Adaptation8 Feb 2026
- 2026FSCA-Net: Feature-Separated Cross-Attention Network for Robust Multi-Dataset Training2 Feb 2026
- 2026RepSFNet : A Single Fusion Network with Structural Reparameterization for Crowd Counting28 Jan 2026
- 2026Video Individual Counting and Tracking from Moving Drones: A Benchmark and Methods18 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2026Parameter-Efficient Domain Adaption for CSI Crowd-Counting via Self-Supervised Learning with Adapter Modules5 Jan 2026
- 2026Crowded Video Individual Counting Informed by Social Grouping and Spatial-Temporal Displacement Priors3 Jan 2026
- 2025Semi-Supervised Multi-View Crowd Counting by Ranking Multi-View Fusion Models18 Dec 2025
- 20252D Gaussians Spatial Transport for Point-supervised Density Regression18 Nov 2025
- 2025Counting Through Occlusion: Framework for Open World Amodal Counting16 Nov 2025
- 2025Generalized-Scale Object Counting with Gradual Query Aggregation11 Nov 2025
- 2025Getting the Numbers Rightunicodex2014Modelling Multi-Class Object Counting in Dense and Varied Scenes2 Oct 2025
- 2025Count2Density: Crowd Density Estimation without Location-level Annotations3 Sep 2025
- 2025Local Information Matters: A Rethink of Crowd Counting23 Aug 2025
- 2025ZIP: Scalable Crowd Counting via Zero-Inflated Poisson Modeling24 Jun 2025
- 2025What is the Right Embedding Space for Contrastive Learning in Referring Expression Counting?28 May 2025
- 2025CountingDINO: A Training-free Pipeline for Class-Agnostic Counting using Unsupervised Backbones23 Apr 2025
- 2025Constrained Gaussian Process Motion Planning via Stein Variational Newton Inference7 Apr 2025
- 2025CrowdVLM-R1: Expanding R1 Ability to Vision Language Model for Crowd Counting using Fuzzy Group Relative Policy Reward31 Mar 2025
- 2025Taste More, Taste Better: Diverse Data and Strong Model Boost Semi-Supervised Crowd Counting23 Mar 2025
- 2025Rethinking Cell Counting Methods: Decoupling Counting and Localization18 Mar 2025
- 2025Consistent-Point: Consistent Pseudo-Points for Semi-Supervised Crowd Counting and Localization16 Mar 2025
- 2025EHNet: An Efficient Hybrid Network for Crowd Counting and Localization15 Mar 2025
- 2025Video Individual Counting for Moving Drones12 Mar 2025
- 2025Depth-Assisted Network for Indiscernible Marine Object Counting with Adaptive Motion-Differentiated Feature Encoding11 Mar 2025
- 2025Can Vision-Language Models Infer Speaker's Ignorance? The Role of Visual and Linguistic Cues13 Feb 2025
- 2025A Survey on Class-Agnostic Counting: Advancements from Reference-Based to Open-World Text-Guided Approaches31 Jan 2025
- 2025Localization-Aware Multi-Scale Representation Learning for Repetitive Action Counting13 Jan 2025
- 2024Vision Transformers for Weakly-Supervised Microorganism Enumeration3 Dec 2024
- 2024Efficient Masked AutoEncoder for Video Object Counting and A Large-Scale Benchmark20 Nov 2024
- 2024A Novel Unified Architecture for Low-Shot Counting by Detection and Segmentation27 Sep 2024
- 2024Mind the Prompt: A Novel Benchmark for Prompt-based Class-Agnostic Counting24 Sep 2024
- 2024Teach CLIP to Develop a Number Sense for Ordinal Regression7 Aug 2024
- 2024DenseTrack: Drone-based Crowd Tracking via Density-aware Motion-appearance Synergy24 Jul 2024
- 2024FGA: Fourier-Guided Attention Network for Crowd Count Estimation8 Jul 2024
- 2024CountFormer: Multi-View Crowd Counting Transformer2 Jul 2024
- 2024FCA-RAC: First Cycle Annotated Repetitive Action Counting18 Jun 2024
- 2024Skim then Focus: Integrating Contextual and Fine-grained Views for Repetitive Action Counting13 Jun 2024
- 2024VMambaCC: A Visual State Space Model for Crowd Counting7 May 2024
- 2024Causal Influence in Federated Edge Inference2 May 2024
- 2024DAVE -- A Detect-and-Verify Paradigm for Low-Shot Counting25 Apr 2024
- 2024The Effectiveness of a Simplified Model Structure for Crowd Counting11 Apr 2024
- 2024CLIP-EBC: CLIP Can Count Accurately through Enhanced Blockwise Classification14 Mar 2024
50 newest of 150 All 150 (JSON)
- 2024VMambaCC: A Visual State Space Model for Crowd Countingcited by 7
- 2024VMambaCC: A Visual State Space Model for Crowd Counting7 May 2024
- 2021Rethinking Counting and Localization in Crowds:A Purely Point-Based Frameworkcited by 152
- 2021Learning To Count Everythingcited by 150
- 2022An End-to-End Transformer Model for Crowd Localizationcited by 74
- 2022Boosting Crowd Counting via Multifaceted Attentioncited by 73
- 2021TransCrowd: weakly-supervised crowd counting with transformerscited by 61
- 2023Zero-shot Object Countingcited by 57
- 2022Few-shot Object Counting and Detectioncited by 55
- 2024DAVE -- A Detect-and-Verify Paradigm for Low-Shot Countingcited by 49
- 2023VLCounter: Text-aware Visual Representation for Zero-Shot Object Countingcited by 45
- 2022TransRAC: Encoding Multi-scale Temporal Correlation with Transformers for Repetitive Action Countingcited by 44
- 2023STEERER: Resolving Scale Variations for Counting and Localization via Selective Inheritance Learningcited by 41
- 2023Point-Query Quadtree for Crowd Counting, Localization, and Morecited by 40
12 most cited of 142 All 142 (JSON)
- 2026COBICount: Separating Object and Background Responses for Remote Sensing Object Counting Without Training on Target Data30 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Modal Hyper-Graph Fusion for Low-Light Crowd Counting17 Jun 2026
- 2026The MixCount Dataset: Bridging the Data Gap for Open-Vocabulary Object Counting18 May 2026
- 2026Does it Really Count? Assessing Semantic Grounding in Text-Guided Class-Agnostic Counting4 May 2026
- 2026Face Density as a Proxy for Data Complexity: Quantifying the Hardness of Instance Count6 Apr 2026
- 2026Granular Ball Guided Stable Latent Domain Discovery for Domain-General Crowd Counting25 Mar 2026
- 2026One-Shot Crowd Counting With Density Guidance For Scene Adaptation8 Feb 2026
- 2026FSCA-Net: Feature-Separated Cross-Attention Network for Robust Multi-Dataset Training2 Feb 2026
- 2026RepSFNet : A Single Fusion Network with Structural Reparameterization for Crowd Counting28 Jan 2026
- 2026Video Individual Counting and Tracking from Moving Drones: A Benchmark and Methods18 Jan 2026
- 2026Parameter-Efficient Domain Adaption for CSI Crowd-Counting via Self-Supervised Learning with Adapter Modules5 Jan 2026
- 2026Crowded Video Individual Counting Informed by Social Grouping and Spatial-Temporal Displacement Priors3 Jan 2026
12 newest of 142 All 142 (JSON)