Learning Sequence Encoders for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion
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Abstract (arXiv)
Research on link prediction in knowledge graphs has mainly focused on static multi-relational data. In this work we consider temporal knowledge graphs where relations between entities may only hold for a time interval or a specific point in time. In line with previous work on static knowledge graphs, we propose to address this problem by learning latent entity and relation type representations. To incorporate temporal information, we utilize recurrent neural networks to learn time-aware representations of relation types which can be used in conjunction with existing latent factorization methods. The proposed approach is shown to be robust to common challenges in real-world KGs: the sparsity and heterogeneity of temporal expressions. Experiments show the benefits of our approach on four temporal KGs. The data sets are available under a permissive BSD-3 license 1.
Key facts. Cited by 145 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Sep 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 25; 2023: 29; 2024: 34; 2025: 12; 2026: 25.
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- 2024Large Language Models Can Learn Temporal Reasoningcited by 110
- 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Evolutional Representation Learningcited by 106
- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
- 2021Question Answering Over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 99
- 2021Complex Temporal Question Answering on Knowledge Graphscited by 69
- 2021TimeTraveler: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 67
- 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting with Neural ODEcited by 61
- 2022Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: A Surveycited by 61
- 2021TLogic: Temporal Logical Rules for Explainable Link Forecasting on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 59
- 2022Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Historical Contrastive Learningcited by 42
- 2024Large Language Models-guided Dynamic Adaptation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 41
- 2021Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 39
38 more
- 2023Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting Without Knowledge Using In-Context Learningcited by 36
- 2024TGB 2.0: A Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Heterogeneous Graphscited by 35
- 2021ChronoR: Rotation Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 34
- 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion using Box Embeddingscited by 34
- 2023Dipping PLMs Sauce: Bridging Structure and Text for Effective Knowledge Graph Completion via Conditional Soft Promptingcited by 33
- 2022Knowledge Is Flat: A Seq2Seq Generative Framework for Various Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 32
- 2022Complex Evolutional Pattern Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 30
- 2024A Survey on Temporal Knowledge Graph: Representation Learning and Applicationscited by 30
- 2022EvoKG: Jointly Modeling Event Time and Network Structure for Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 27
- 2022Improving Time Sensitivity for Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 26
- 2024Question Calibration and Multi-Hop Modeling for Temporal Question Answeringcited by 25
- 2023TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoningcited by 23
- 2022Learning to Sample and Aggregate: Few-shot Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 21
- 2022Open-world Story Generation with Structured Knowledge Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 21
- 2024TILP: Differentiable Learning of Temporal Logical Rules on Knowledge Graphscited by 21
- 2021What is Event Knowledge Graph: A Surveycited by 19
- 2023Unsupervised Entity Alignment for Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 19
- 2024Contextualization Distillation from Large Language Model for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 18
- 2024Chain-of-History Reasoning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 17
- 2022Time-aware Graph Neural Networks for Entity Alignment between Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 16
- 2023A Survey on Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospectscited by 14
- 2022TFLEX: Temporal Feature-Logic Embedding Framework for Complex Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphcited by 13
- 2024Faithful Temporal Question Answering over Heterogeneous Sourcescited by 13
- 2024RuleRAG: Rule-Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Language Models for Question Answeringcited by 13
- 2021Hyperbolic Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddings with Relational and Time Curvaturescited by 12
- 2022HiSMatch: Historical Structure Matching based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 11
- 2023HGE: Embedding Temporal Knowledge Graphs in a Product Space of Heterogeneous Geometric Subspacescited by 10
- 2024Chain of History: Learning and Forecasting with LLMs for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 10
- 2022RotateQVS: Representing Temporal Information as Rotations in Quaternion Vector Space for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 9
- 2023Incorporating Structured Sentences with Time-enhanced BERT for Fully-inductive Temporal Relation Predictioncited by 9
- 2023Adaptive Path-Memory Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 9
- 2023Pre-trained Language Model with Prompts for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 9
- 2023Temporal Inductive Path Neural Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 9
- 2023On the Evolution of Knowledge Graphs: A Survey and Perspectivecited by 9
- 2023An Investigation of LLMs' Inefficacy in Understanding Converse Relationscited by 9
- 2024IME: Integrating Multi-curvature Shared and Specific Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 9
- 2024A Unified Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Model Towards Interpolation and Extrapolationcited by 9
- 2024Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering: A Surveycited by 9
50 most cited of 145 All 145 (JSON)
- 2026BridgeMem: Causal Dyadic Transition Residuals for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting24 Sep 2026
- 2026Biquaternionic Space with Complex-valued Attention for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion13 Sep 2026
- 2026SCoP: Structured Constraint Parsing for Evidence-Space Control in Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering2 Sep 2026
- 2026Denoising the Future: Context-Aware Spectral Diffusion for Temporal Knowledge Graph Extrapolation21 Aug 2026
- 2026FITTER: Vocabulary-Agnostic Cross-Domain Inference on Temporal Knowledge Graphs11 Aug 2026
- 2026THBKG: A Temporal Biomedical Knowledge Graph for Decision-Aligned Clinical Advancement Prediction6 Aug 2026
- 2026Chronofy: A Temporal-Logical Decay Architecture for Information Validity in Time-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Jul 2026
- 2026Reachability-Aware Pretraining for Efficient Target-Oriented Path Exploration in Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning16 Jul 2026
- 2026GAttNHP: Group Attention Neural Hawkes Process for Extrapolation Reasoning in Temporal Knowledge Graphs16 Jul 2026
- 2026GRATE: Temporal Extensions for Inductive KG Foundation Models via Gated Rotary Attention11 Jul 2026
- 2026Poisson-Gamma Modeling of Inter-Relational Dependencies in Dynamic Knowledge Graphs3 Jul 2026
- 2026Warranted Attention: Learning What to Pass from Attention to Prediction29 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026TeRoR: Decoupled Temporal Rotation with Relational Circular Region for Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding26 Jun 2026
- 2026PrimeKG-CL: A Continual Graph Learning Benchmark on Evolving Biomedical Knowledge Graphs11 May 2026
- 2026AdaTKG: Adaptive Memory for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning8 May 2026
- 2026Monitoring Neural Training with Topology: A Footprint-Predictable Collapse Index28 Apr 2026
- 2026Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory13 Apr 2026
- 2026DyMRL: Dynamic Multispace Representation Learning for Multimodal Event Forecasting in Knowledge Graph25 Mar 2026
- 2026Let the Agent Search: Autonomous Exploration Beats Rigid Workflows in Temporal Question Answering2 Mar 2026
- 2026Temporal-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Reasoning with Multi-View Fusion for Temporal Question Answering23 Feb 2026
- 2026Evolving Beyond Snapshots: Harmonizing Structure and Sequence via Entity State Tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting12 Feb 2026
- 2026Negative-Aware Diffusion Process for Temporal Knowledge Graph Extrapolation9 Feb 2026
- 2026Towards Better Evolution Modeling for Temporal Knowledge Graphs9 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond Known Facts: Generating Unseen Temporal Knowledge to Address Data Contamination in LLM Evaluation20 Jan 2026
- 2026Toward Better Temporal Structures for Geopolitical Events Forecasting1 Jan 2026
- 2025Plan of Knowledge: Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models for Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering6 Nov 2025
- 2025CountTRuCoLa: Rule Learning for Interpretable Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting11 Sep 2025
- 2025T3DM: Test-Time Training-Guided Distribution Shift Modelling for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning2 Jul 2025
- 2025A Multi-Expert Structural-Semantic Hybrid Framework for Unveiling Historical Patterns in Temporal Knowledge Graphs17 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Foundation Model on Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning4 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking Regularization Methods for Knowledge Graph Completion29 May 2025
- 2025Disentangled Multi-span Evolutionary Network against Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning20 May 2025
- 2025VITA: Versatile Time Representation Learning for Temporal Hyper-Relational Knowledge Graphs17 May 2025
- 2025Sequential-NIAH: A Needle-In-A-Haystack Benchmark for Extracting Sequential Needles from Long Contexts7 Apr 2025
- 2025ReaLitE: Enrichment of Relation Embeddings in Knowledge Graphs using Numeric Literals1 Apr 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Are Effective Human Annotation Assistants, But Not Good Independent Annotators9 Mar 2025
- 2025A Selective Learning Method for Temporal Graph Continual Learning3 Mar 2025
- 2024Towards Pattern-aware Data Augmentation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion31 Dec 2024
- 2024UniHR: Hierarchical Representation Learning for Unified Knowledge Graph Link Prediction11 Nov 2024
- 2024RuleRAG: Rule-Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Language Models for Question Answering15 Oct 2024
- 2024Neurosymbolic Methods for Dynamic Knowledge Graphs6 Sep 2024
- 2024From Semantics to Hierarchy: A Hybrid Euclidean-Tangent-Hyperbolic Space Model for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning30 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning Granularity Representation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion27 Aug 2024
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation Meets Data-Driven Tabula Rasa Approach for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting18 Aug 2024
- 2024CEGRL-TKGR: A Causal Enhanced Graph Representation Learning Framework for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning15 Aug 2024
- 2024ONSEP: A Novel Online Neural-Symbolic Framework for Event Prediction Based on Large Language Model14 Aug 2024
- 2024Simple but Effective Compound Geometric Operations for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion13 Aug 2024
- 2024Temporal Knowledge-Graph Memory in a Partially Observable Environment11 Aug 2024
- 2024Online Detection of Anomalies in Temporal Knowledge Graphs with Interpretability1 Aug 2024
- 2024Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering: A Survey20 Jun 2024
50 newest of 145 All 145 (JSON)
- 2024Large Language Models Can Learn Temporal Reasoningcited by 110
- 2024Large Language Models-guided Dynamic Adaptation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 41
- 2023TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoningcited by 23
- 2024Chain-of-History Reasoning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 17
- 2022TFLEX: Temporal Feature-Logic Embedding Framework for Complex Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphcited by 13
- 2024A Unified Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Model Towards Interpolation and Extrapolationcited by 9
- 2024Deja vu: Contrastive Historical Modeling with Prefix-tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Temporal-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Reasoning with Multi-View Fusion for Temporal Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Let the Agent Search: Autonomous Exploration Beats Rigid Workflows in Temporal Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Let the Agent Search: Autonomous Exploration Beats Rigid Workflows in Temporal Question Answering2 Mar 2026
- 2026Temporal-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Reasoning with Multi-View Fusion for Temporal Question Answering23 Feb 2026
- 2024A Unified Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Model Towards Interpolation and Extrapolation28 May 2024
- 2024Large Language Models-guided Dynamic Adaptation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning23 May 2024
- 2024Deja vu: Contrastive Historical Modeling with Prefix-tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning25 Mar 2024
- 2024Chain-of-History Reasoning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting22 Feb 2024
- 2024Large Language Models Can Learn Temporal Reasoning12 Jan 2024
- 2023TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoning25 Dec 2023
- 2022TFLEX: Temporal Feature-Logic Embedding Framework for Complex Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graph28 May 2022
- 2024RuleRAG: Rule-Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Language Models for Question Answeringcited by 13
- 2025Plan of Knowledge: Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models for Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation Meets Data-Driven Tabula Rasa Approach for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 0
- 2026Chronofy: A Temporal-Logical Decay Architecture for Information Validity in Time-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2026Chronofy: A Temporal-Logical Decay Architecture for Information Validity in Time-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Generation17 Jul 2026
- 2025Plan of Knowledge: Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models for Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering6 Nov 2025
- 2024RuleRAG: Rule-Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Language Models for Question Answering15 Oct 2024
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation Meets Data-Driven Tabula Rasa Approach for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting18 Aug 2024
- 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Evolutional Representation Learningcited by 106
- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
- 2021Question Answering Over Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 99
- 2021Complex Temporal Question Answering on Knowledge Graphscited by 69
- 2021TimeTraveler: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 67
- 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting with Neural ODEcited by 61
- 2022Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: A Surveycited by 61
- 2021TLogic: Temporal Logical Rules for Explainable Link Forecasting on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 59
- 2022Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Historical Contrastive Learningcited by 42
- 2021Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 39
- 2023Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting Without Knowledge Using In-Context Learningcited by 36
- 2024TGB 2.0: A Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Heterogeneous Graphscited by 35
12 most cited of 130 All 130 (JSON)
- 2026BridgeMem: Causal Dyadic Transition Residuals for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting24 Sep 2026
- 2026Biquaternionic Space with Complex-valued Attention for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion13 Sep 2026
- 2026SCoP: Structured Constraint Parsing for Evidence-Space Control in Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering2 Sep 2026
- 2026Denoising the Future: Context-Aware Spectral Diffusion for Temporal Knowledge Graph Extrapolation21 Aug 2026
- 2026FITTER: Vocabulary-Agnostic Cross-Domain Inference on Temporal Knowledge Graphs11 Aug 2026
- 2026THBKG: A Temporal Biomedical Knowledge Graph for Decision-Aligned Clinical Advancement Prediction6 Aug 2026
- 2026Reachability-Aware Pretraining for Efficient Target-Oriented Path Exploration in Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning16 Jul 2026
- 2026GAttNHP: Group Attention Neural Hawkes Process for Extrapolation Reasoning in Temporal Knowledge Graphs16 Jul 2026
- 2026GRATE: Temporal Extensions for Inductive KG Foundation Models via Gated Rotary Attention11 Jul 2026
- 2026Poisson-Gamma Modeling of Inter-Relational Dependencies in Dynamic Knowledge Graphs3 Jul 2026
- 2026Warranted Attention: Learning What to Pass from Attention to Prediction29 Jun 2026
- 2026TeRoR: Decoupled Temporal Rotation with Relational Circular Region for Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding26 Jun 2026
12 newest of 130 All 130 (JSON)