mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: A Survey

arXiv 2201.08236 ↗First posted 16 Jan 2022cs.AI cs.LGcited by 61

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Abstract (arXiv)

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can predict missing links and is crucial for real-world knowledge graphs, which widely suffer from incompleteness. KGC methods assume a knowledge graph is static, but that may lead to inaccurate prediction results because many facts in the knowledge graphs change over time. Recently, emerging methods have shown improved predictive results by further incorporating the timestamps of facts; namely, temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC). With this temporal information, TKGC methods can learn the dynamic evolution of the knowledge graph that KGC methods fail to capture. In this paper, for the first time, we summarize the recent advances in TKGC research. First, we detail the background of TKGC, including the problem definition, benchmark datasets, and evaluation metrics. Then, we summarize existing TKGC methods based on how timestamps of facts are used to capture the temporal dynamics. Finally, we conclude the paper and present future research directions of TKGC.

Key facts. Cited by 61 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 87 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2022.

Builds on

34 of 87 references.

References · 34

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
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  5. 2018Neural Ordinary Differential Equationscited by 3,733
  6. 2017Know-Evolve: Deep Temporal Reasoning for Dynamic Knowledge Graphscited by 149
  7. 2018Learning Sequence Encoders for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 145
  8. 2020Tensor Decompositions for temporal knowledge base completioncited by 115
  9. 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Evolutional Representation Learningcited by 106
  10. 2019Diachronic Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 104
  11. 2019Unifying Knowledge Graph Learning and Recommendation: Towards a Better Understanding of User Preferencescited by 87
  12. 2020Knowledge Graph Embedding for Link Prediction: A Comparative Analysiscited by 85
22 more
  1. 2020Learning from History: Modeling Temporal Knowledge Graphs with Sequential Copy-Generation Networkscited by 84
  2. 2020Understanding Negative Sampling in Graph Representation Learningcited by 66
  3. 2017KBGAN: Adversarial Learning for Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 62
  4. 2020TeMP: Temporal Message Passing for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 61
  5. 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting with Neural ODEcited by 61
  6. 2021A Survey on Embedding Dynamic Graphscited by 60
  7. 2021TLogic: Temporal Logical Rules for Explainable Link Forecasting on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 59
  8. 2020TeRo: A Time-aware Knowledge Graph Embedding via Temporal Rotationcited by 48
  9. 2018NSCaching: Simple and Efficient Negative Sampling for Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 42
  10. 2021Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 39
  11. 2021ChronoR: Rotation Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 34
  12. 2021Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion using Box Embeddingscited by 34
  13. 2020DyERNIE: Dynamic Evolution of Riemannian Manifold Embeddings for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 30
  14. 2021TempoQR: Temporal Question Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 26
  15. 2020Tucker decomposition-based Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 18
  16. 2020One-shot Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 14
  17. 2021Hyperbolic Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddings with Relational and Time Curvaturescited by 12
  18. 2021TIE: A Framework for Embedding-based Incremental Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 7
  19. 2020RTFE: A Recursive Temporal Fact Embedding Framework for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 5
  20. 2021Leveraging Static Models for Link Prediction in Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 5
  21. 2018Modeling Attention Flow on Graphscited by 3
  22. 2020A graph-based spatial temporal logic for knowledge representation and automated reasoning in cognitive robotscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 9; 2024: 18; 2025: 13; 2026: 17.

61 papers.

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  1. 2023Large Models for Time Series and Spatio-Temporal Data: A Survey and Outlookcited by 109
  2. 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
  3. 2023LLMs for Knowledge Graph Construction and Reasoning: Recent Capabilities and Future Opportunitiescited by 97
  4. 2024TGB 2.0: A Benchmark for Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Heterogeneous Graphscited by 35
  5. 2024A Survey on Temporal Knowledge Graph: Representation Learning and Applicationscited by 30
  6. 2024DTGB: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Dynamic Text-Attributed Graphscited by 26
  7. 2023KnowledgeNavigator: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced Reasoning over Knowledge Graphcited by 22
  8. 2024A survey of dynamic graph neural networkscited by 21
  9. 2023A Survey on Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospectscited by 14
  10. 2024Faithful Temporal Question Answering over Heterogeneous Sourcescited by 13
  11. 2024Chain of History: Learning and Forecasting with LLMs for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 10
  12. 2024Language Modeling with Editable External Knowledgecited by 9
38 more
  1. 2024Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering: A Surveycited by 9
  2. 2024A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Temporal Event Forecastingcited by 7
  3. 2025LLM-driven Knowledge Distillation for Dynamic Text-Attributed Graphscited by 6
  4. 2025A Survey of Link Prediction in Temporal Networkscited by 6
  5. 2025Rethinking Regularization Methods for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 6
  6. 2023DREAM: Adaptive Reinforcement Learning based on Attention Mechanism for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 4
  7. 2025A Survey of Link Prediction in N-ary Knowledge Graphscited by 4
  8. 2024On the Generalization Capability of Temporal Graph Learning Algorithms: Theoretical Insights and a Simpler Methodcited by 3
  9. 2024Neurosymbolic Methods for Dynamic Knowledge Graphscited by 3
  10. 2026Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memorycited by 3
  11. 2022Search to Pass Messages for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 2
  12. 2023SCTc-TE: A Comprehensive Formulation and Benchmark for Temporal Event Forecastingcited by 2
  13. 2023Learning Multi-graph Structure for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 2
  14. 2024Historically Relevant Event Structuring for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 2
  15. 2026Negative-Aware Diffusion Process for Temporal Knowledge Graph Extrapolationcited by 2
  16. 2022Citation Trajectory Prediction via Publication Influence Representation Using Temporal Knowledge Graphcited by 1
  17. 2023DURENDAL: Graph deep learning framework for temporal heterogeneous networkscited by 1
  18. 2024SSTKG: Simple Spatio-Temporal Knowledge Graph for Intepretable and Versatile Dynamic Information Embeddingcited by 1
  19. 2024Selective Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 1
  20. 2024Large Language Models as Interpolated and Extrapolated Event Predictorscited by 1
  21. 2024VHAKG: A Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Based on Synchronized Multi-view Videos of Daily Activitiescited by 1
  22. 2025Predicting clinical outcomes from patient care pathways represented with temporal knowledge graphscited by 1
  23. 2025A Time Series Multitask Framework Integrating a Large Language Model, Pre-Trained Time Series Model, and Knowledge Graphcited by 1
  24. 2025Structural-Temporal Coupling Anomaly Detection with Dynamic Graph Transformercited by 1
  25. 2025A Multi-Expert Structural-Semantic Hybrid Framework for Unveiling Historical Patterns in Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 1
  26. 2025KnowDR-REC: A Benchmark for Referring Expression Comprehension with Real-World Knowledgecited by 1
  27. 2026Evolving Beyond Snapshots: Harmonizing Structure and Sequence via Entity State Tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecastingcited by 1
  28. 2026Supra Cognitive Modes: A Routed Architecture for Agent Memorycited by 1
  29. 2022Symbiotic Child Emotional Support with Social Robots and Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 0
  30. 2023Leveraging Pre-trained Language Models for Time Interval Prediction in Text-Enhanced Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 0
  31. 2024Learning Granularity Representation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 0
  32. 2024CYCLE: Cross-Year Contrastive Learning in Entity-Linkingcited by 0
  33. 2025Integrating Causality with Neurochaos Learning: Proposed Approach and Research Agendacited by 0
  34. 2025Knowledge Graph Completion for Action Prediction on Situational Graphs -- A Case Study on Household Taskscited by 0
  35. 2025An Interdisciplinary and Cross-Task Review on Missing Data Imputationcited by 0
  36. 2025LoReTTA: A Low Resource Framework To Poison Continuous Time Dynamic Graphscited by 0
  37. 2026Knowledge Distillation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 0
  38. 2026Situation Graph Prediction for User Perspective Modelingcited by 0

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