mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Learning to Predict Charges for Criminal Cases with Legal Basis

arXiv 1707.09168 ↗First posted 28 Jul 2017cs.CLcited by 61

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Abstract (arXiv)

The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this task, and therefore propose an attention-based neural network method to jointly model the charge prediction task and the relevant article extraction task in a unified framework. The experimental results show that, besides providing legal basis, the relevant articles can also clearly improve the charge prediction results, and our full model can effectively predict appropriate charges for cases with different expression styles.

Key facts. Cited by 61 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 5; 2023: 13; 2024: 13; 2025: 7; 2026: 9.

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  1. 2021Lawformer: A Pre-trained Language Model for Chinese Legal Long Documentscited by 116
  2. 2021ILDC for CJPE: Indian Legal Documents Corpus for Court Judgment Prediction and Explanationcited by 78
  3. 2021Paragraph-level Rationale Extraction through Regularization: A case study on European Court of Human Rights Casescited by 77
  4. 2021Swiss-Judgment-Prediction: A Multilingual Legal Judgment Prediction Benchmarkcited by 60
  5. 2023Lawyer LLaMA Technical Reportcited by 54
  6. 2023Precedent-Enhanced Legal Judgment Prediction with LLM and Domain-Model Collaborationcited by 52
  7. 2022A Survey on Legal Judgment Prediction: Datasets, Metrics, Models and Challengescited by 50
  8. 2024Natural Language Processing for the Legal Domain: A Survey of Tasks, Datasets, Models, and Challengescited by 42
  9. 2021A Statutory Article Retrieval Dataset in Frenchcited by 40
  10. 2023Legal Syllogism Prompting: Teaching Large Language Models for Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 38
  11. 2024LawGPT: A Chinese Legal Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Modelcited by 34
  12. 2021On the Ethical Limits of Natural Language Processing on Legal Textcited by 26
38 more
  1. 2021Legal Judgment Prediction with Multi-Stage CaseRepresentation Learning in the Real Court Settingcited by 24
  2. 2021LeSICiN: A Heterogeneous Graph-based Approach for Automatic Legal Statute Identification from Indian Legal Documentscited by 23
  3. 2023Multi-Defendant Legal Judgment Prediction via Hierarchical Reasoningcited by 19
  4. 2025JuDGE: Benchmarking Judgment Document Generation for Chinese Legal Systemcited by 18
  5. 2021Learning Fine-grained Fact-Article Correspondence in Legal Casescited by 15
  6. 2021Everything Has a Cause: Leveraging Causal Inference in Legal Text Analysiscited by 14
  7. 2021AutoLAW: Augmented Legal Reasoning through Legal Precedent Predictioncited by 14
  8. 2023Zero-shot Transfer of Article-aware Legal Outcome Classification for European Court of Human Rights Casescited by 14
  9. 2021Dependency Learning for Legal Judgment Prediction with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 13
  10. 2023Leveraging Task Dependency and Contrastive Learning for Case Outcome Classification on European Court of Human Rights Casescited by 12
  11. 2024Agents on the Bench: Large Language Model Based Multi Agent Framework for Trustworthy Digital Justicecited by 10
  12. 2025LawGPT: Knowledge-Guided Data Generation and Its Application to Legal LLMcited by 8
  13. 2022Agent-Specific Deontic Modality Detection in Legal Languagecited by 7
  14. 2024Towards Explainability and Fairness in Swiss Judgement Prediction: Benchmarking on a Multilingual Datasetcited by 7
  15. 2021Unsupervised Law Article Mining based on Deep Pre-Trained Language Representation Models with Application to the Italian Civil Codecited by 6
  16. 2025GLARE: Agentic Reasoning for Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 6
  17. 2023Japanese Tort-case Dataset for Rationale-supported Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 5
  18. 2024Enhancing Court View Generation with Knowledge Injection and Guidancecited by 5
  19. 2024Optimizing Numerical Estimation and Operational Efficiency in the Legal Domain through Large Language Modelscited by 5
  20. 2024Distinguish Confusion in Legal Judgment Prediction via Revised Relation Knowledgecited by 5
  21. 2024Legal Fact Prediction: The Missing Piece in Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 5
  22. 2025IL-PCSR: Legal Corpus for Prior Case and Statute Retrievalcited by 5
  23. 2026Enhancing Judgment Document Generation via Agentic Legal Information Collection and Rubric-Guided Optimizationcited by 5
  24. 2023Rationalizing Predictions by Adversarial Information Calibrationcited by 4
  25. 2024Incorporating Precedents for Legal Judgement Prediction on European Court of Human Rights Casescited by 4
  26. 2022Do Charge Prediction Models Learn Legal Theory?cited by 3
  27. 2024From Graph to Word Bag: Introducing Domain Knowledge to Confusing Charge Predictioncited by 3
  28. 2025AnnoCaseLaw: A Richly-Annotated Dataset For Benchmarking Explainable Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 3
  29. 2024SEMDR: A Semantic-Aware Dual Encoder Model for Legal Judgment Prediction with Legal Clue Tracingcited by 2
  30. 2026VERDICT: Verifiable Evolving Reasoning with Directive-Informed Collegial Teams for Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 2
  31. 2022Using attention methods to predict judicial outcomescited by 1
  32. 2023Analyzing Hong Kong's Legal Judgments from a Computational Linguistics point-of-viewcited by 1
  33. 2023Few-Shot Domain Adaptation for Charge Prediction on Unprofessional Descriptionscited by 1
  34. 2023Exploring Graph Neural Networks for Indian Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 1
  35. 2025The Judge Variable: Challenging Judge-Agnostic Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 1
  36. 2026AppellateGen: A Benchmark for Appellate Legal Judgment Generationcited by 1
  37. 2026The Cases LJP Never Sees: Prosecution Decision Prediction for More Complete Criminal Liability Assessmentcited by 1
  38. 2026Towards Explainable Adjudicative Variance: Quantifying Judicial Discretion via Gated Multi-Task Learningcited by 1

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