GLARE: Agentic Reasoning for Legal Judgment Prediction
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
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Abstract (arXiv)
Legal judgment prediction (LJP) has become increasingly important in the legal field. In this paper, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) have significant problems of insufficient reasoning due to a lack of legal knowledge. Therefore, we introduce GLARE, an agentic legal reasoning framework that dynamically acquires key legal knowledge by invoking different modules, thereby improving the breadth and depth of reasoning. Experiments conducted on the real-world dataset verify the effectiveness of our method. Furthermore, the reasoning chain generated during the analysis process can increase interpretability and provide the possibility for practical applications.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 37 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2025.
Builds on
37 of 62 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2025A Survey of Frontiers in LLM Reasoning: Inference Scaling, Learning to Reason, and Agentic Systems12 Apr
- 2025JUREX-4E: Juridical Expert-Annotated Four-Element Knowledge Base for Legal Reasoning24 Feb
- 2024Rethinking Legal Judgement Prediction in a Realistic Scenario in the Era of Large Language Models14 Oct
- 2024Can Large Language Models Grasp Legal Theories? Enhance Legal Reasoning with Insights from Multi-Agent Collaboration3 Oct
- 2024Enabling Discriminative Reasoning in LLMs for Legal Judgment Prediction2 Jul
Other references · 32
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,413
- 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 688
- 2025Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Modelscited by 433
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models: Techniques and Applicationscited by 431
- 2022Complexity-Based Prompting for Multi-Step Reasoningcited by 388
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 354
- 2025Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 293
- 2018CAIL2018: A Large-Scale Legal Dataset for Judgment Predictioncited by 170
- 2024Large Language Models(LLMs) on Tabular Data: Prediction, Generation, and Understanding -- A Surveycited by 159
- 2022Ask Me Anything: A simple strategy for prompting language modelscited by 155
20 more
- 2024Exploring the Reasoning Abilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs): A Comprehensive Survey on Emerging Trends in Multimodal Reasoningcited by 136
- 2025A Survey of Efficient Reasoning for Large Reasoning Models: Language, Multimodality, and Beyondcited by 132
- 2023LawBench: Benchmarking Legal Knowledge of Large Language Modelscited by 117
- 2024Datasets for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 71
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Evolution, Current Landscape and Future Directionscited by 70
- 2020Distinguish Confusing Law Articles for Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 62
- 2017Learning to Predict Charges for Criminal Cases with Legal Basiscited by 61
- 2023Precedent-Enhanced Legal Judgment Prediction with LLM and Domain-Model Collaborationcited by 52
- 2024LawGPT: A Chinese Legal Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Modelcited by 34
- 2017Exploring the Use of Text Classification in the Legal Domaincited by 31
- 2023A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Legal Judgment Predictioncited by 28
- 2023Multi-Defendant Legal Judgment Prediction via Hierarchical Reasoningcited by 19
- 2025Think Clearly: Improving Reasoning via Redundant Token Pruningcited by 17
- 2024Learning Interpretable Legal Case Retrieval via Knowledge-Guided Case Reformulationcited by 15
- 2023Case Law Grounding: Using Precedents to Align Decision-Making for Humans and AIcited by 6
- 2024Distinguish Confusion in Legal Judgment Prediction via Revised Relation Knowledgecited by 5
- 2024Incorporating Precedents for Legal Judgement Prediction on European Court of Human Rights Casescited by 4
- 2025ASP2LJ : An Adversarial Self-Play Laywer Augmented Legal Judgment Frameworkcited by 3
- 2024Should We Fear Large Language Models? A Structural Analysis of the Human Reasoning System for Elucidating LLM Capabilities and Risks Through the Lens of Heidegger's Philosophycited by 2
- 2024Athena: Retrieval-augmented Legal Judgment Prediction with Large Language Modelscited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.
6 papers.
- 2026LRAS: Advanced Legal Reasoning with Agentic Searchcited by 8
- 2026LegalGraphRAG: Multi-Agent Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Legal Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026LawThinker: A Deep Research Legal Agent in Dynamic Environmentscited by 4
- 2026Logic-Guided Multistage Inference for Explainable Multidefendant Judgment Predictioncited by 0
- 2026LexAgentHallu: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Profiling Hallucinations in Legal Agentscited by 0
- 2026JusticeAxis: Benchmarking Legal Judgment between Rigid Rule Application and Ungrounded Discretioncited by 0
- 2026JusticeAxis: Benchmarking Legal Judgment between Rigid Rule Application and Ungrounded Discretion30 Sep 2026
- 2026LexAgentHallu: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Profiling Hallucinations in Legal Agents9 Sep 2026
- 2026LegalGraphRAG: Multi-Agent Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Legal Reasoning27 May 2026
- 2026LawThinker: A Deep Research Legal Agent in Dynamic Environments12 Feb 2026
- 2026Logic-Guided Multistage Inference for Explainable Multidefendant Judgment Prediction19 Jan 2026
- 2026LRAS: Advanced Legal Reasoning with Agentic Search12 Jan 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Debate-Feedback: A Multi-Agent Framework for Efficient Legal Judgment Prediction
- 2024Beyond Guilt: Legal Judgment Prediction with Trichotomous Reasoning
- 2026VERDICT: Verifiable Evolving Reasoning with Directive-Informed Collegial Teams for Legal Judgment Prediction
- 2025An Explicit Syllogistic Legal Reasoning Framework for Large Language Models
- 2025A Law Reasoning Benchmark for LLM with Tree-Organized Structures including Factum Probandum, Evidence and Experiences
- 2023LegalBench: A Collaboratively Built Benchmark for Measuring Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models
- 2024LegalAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Legal Domain
- 2026LegalDrill: Diagnosis-Driven Synthesis for Legal Reasoning in Small Language Models