mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Emotional Chatting Machine: Emotional Conversation Generation with Internal and External Memory

arXiv 1704.01074 ↗First posted 4 Apr 2017cs.CL cs.AIcited by 167

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Abstract (arXiv)

Perception and expression of emotion are key factors to the success of dialogue systems or conversational agents. However, this problem has not been studied in large-scale conversation generation so far. In this paper, we propose Emotional Chatting Machine (ECM) that can generate appropriate responses not only in content (relevant and grammatical) but also in emotion (emotionally consistent). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the emotion factor in large-scale conversation generation. ECM addresses the factor using three new mechanisms that respectively (1) models the high-level abstraction of emotion expressions by embedding emotion categories, (2) captures the change of implicit internal emotion states, and (3) uses explicit emotion expressions with an external emotion vocabulary. Experiments show that the proposed model can generate responses appropriate not only in content but also in emotion.

Key facts. Cited by 167 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 48; 2022: 49; 2023: 34; 2024: 19; 2025: 8; 2026: 9.

167 papers.

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  1. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 429
  2. 2021Towards Emotional Support Dialog Systemscited by 299
  3. 2024Benchmarking Complex Instruction-Following with Multiple Constraints Compositioncited by 152
  4. 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 129
  5. 2021Advances and Challenges in Conversational Recommender Systems: A Surveycited by 118
  6. 2022MISC: A MIxed Strategy-Aware Model Integrating COMET for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 85
  7. 2023Building Emotional Support Chatbots in the Era of LLMscited by 62
  8. 2022Control Globally, Understand Locally: A Global-to-Local Hierarchical Graph Network for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 56
  9. 2022MMDialog: A Large-scale Multi-turn Dialogue Dataset Towards Multi-modal Open-domain Conversationcited by 56
  10. 2024Towards Human-centered Proactive Conversational Agentscited by 49
  11. 2021CoMAE: A Multi-factor Hierarchical Framework for Empathetic Response Generationcited by 42
  12. 2023Knowledge-enhanced Mixed-initiative Dialogue System for Emotional Support Conversationscited by 41
38 more
  1. 2021One Chatbot Per Person: Creating Personalized Chatbots based on Implicit User Profilescited by 39
  2. 2022PAL: Persona-Augmented Emotional Support Conversation Generationcited by 39
  3. 2021NaturalConv: A Chinese Dialogue Dataset Towards Multi-turn Topic-driven Conversationcited by 35
  4. 2024Enhancing Emotional Generation Capability of Large Language Models via Emotional Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 34
  5. 2023ConstitutionMaker: Interactively Critiquing Large Language Models by Converting Feedback into Principlescited by 33
  6. 2021Multimodal Dialogue Response Generationcited by 32
  7. 2022Meet Your Favorite Character: Open-domain Chatbot Mimicking Fictional Characters with only a Few Utterancescited by 32
  8. 2023TransESC: Smoothing Emotional Support Conversation via Turn-Level State Transitioncited by 30
  9. 2022CTRLEval: An Unsupervised Reference-Free Metric for Evaluating Controlled Text Generationcited by 29
  10. 2022NEWTS: A Corpus for News Topic-Focused Summarizationcited by 27
  11. 2022CPED: A Large-Scale Chinese Personalized and Emotional Dialogue Dataset for Conversational AIcited by 26
  12. 2021Emotion-aware Chat Machine: Automatic Emotional Response Generation for Human-like Emotional Interactioncited by 21
  13. 2024LLM-based Conversational AI Therapist for Daily Functioning Screening and Psychotherapeutic Intervention via Everyday Smart Devicescited by 21
  14. 2021EmoWOZ: A Large-Scale Corpus and Labelling Scheme for Emotion Recognition in Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 20
  15. 2022Why is constrained neural language generation particularly challenging?cited by 19
  16. 2022Empathetic Dialogue Generation via Sensitive Emotion Recognition and Sensible Knowledge Selectioncited by 19
  17. 2022CASE: Aligning Coarse-to-Fine Cognition and Affection for Empathetic Response Generationcited by 18
  18. 2022FADO: Feedback-Aware Double COntrolling Network for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 18
  19. 2021A Survey on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Audio-Based Applicationscited by 17
  20. 2021Towards an Online Empathetic Chatbot with Emotion Causescited by 16
  21. 2021GTM: A Generative Triple-Wise Model for Conversational Question Generationcited by 16
  22. 2021OpenViDial 2.0: A Larger-Scale, Open-Domain Dialogue Generation Dataset with Visual Contextscited by 16
  23. 2022Don't Lose Yourself! Empathetic Response Generation via Explicit Self-Other Awarenesscited by 16
  24. 2024Large Language Models Meet Text-Centric Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: A Surveycited by 16
  25. 2021Multi-Task Learning of Generation and Classification for Emotion-Aware Dialogue Response Generationcited by 15
  26. 2021Automatically Select Emotion for Response via Personality-affected Emotion Transitioncited by 15
  27. 2021Identifying Untrustworthy Samples: Data Filtering for Open-domain Dialogues with Bayesian Optimizationcited by 15
  28. 2024MADial-Bench: Towards Real-world Evaluation of Memory-Augmented Dialogue Generationcited by 15
  29. 2021Dialogue History Matters! Personalized Response Selectionin Multi-turn Retrieval-based Chatbotscited by 14
  30. 2022Empathetic Conversational Systems: A Review of Current Advances, Gaps, and Opportunitiescited by 14
  31. 2023Think Twice: A Human-like Two-stage Conversational Agent for Emotional Response Generationcited by 14
  32. 2023ChatPLUG: Open-Domain Generative Dialogue System with Internet-Augmented Instruction Tuning for Digital Humancited by 14
  33. 2021Transductive Learning for Unsupervised Text Style Transfercited by 12
  34. 2021UniDS: A Unified Dialogue System for Chit-Chat and Task-oriented Dialoguescited by 12
  35. 2023Improving Empathetic Dialogue Generation by Dynamically Infusing Commonsense Knowledgecited by 12
  36. 2023Through the Lens of Core Competency: Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 12
  37. 2021Software-Based Dialogue Systems: Survey, Taxonomy and Challengescited by 11
  38. 2023Stylized Data-to-Text Generation: A Case Study in the E-Commerce Domaincited by 11

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