Learning From Noisy Large-Scale Datasets With Minimal Supervision
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present an approach to effectively use millions of images with noisy annotations in conjunction with a small subset of cleanly-annotated images to learn powerful image representations. One common approach to combine clean and noisy data is to first pre-train a network using the large noisy dataset and then fine-tune with the clean dataset. We show this approach does not fully leverage the information contained in the clean set. Thus, we demonstrate how to use the clean annotations to reduce the noise in the large dataset before fine-tuning the network using both the clean set and the full set with reduced noise. The approach comprises a multi-task network that jointly learns to clean noisy annotations and to accurately classify images. We evaluate our approach on the recently released Open Images dataset, containing ~9 million images, multiple annotations per image and over 6000 unique classes. For the small clean set of annotations we use a quarter of the validation set with ~40k images. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach clearly outperforms direct fine-tuning across all major categories of classes in the Open Image dataset. Further, our approach is particularly effective for a large number of classes with wide range of noise in annotations (20-80% false positive annotations).
Key facts. Cited by 115 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Jan 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 43; 2022: 31; 2023: 20; 2024: 8; 2025: 10; 2026: 3.
115 papers.
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- 2021Learning with Feature-Dependent Label Noise: A Progressive Approachcited by 102
- 2021Learning to Predict Visual Attributes in the Wildcited by 95
- 2021Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation via Robust Cross-Modal Pseudo-Labelingcited by 84
- 2021FINE Samples for Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 82
- 2021Breaking the Dilemma of Medical Image-to-image Translationcited by 82
- 2021Multi-Label Learning from Single Positive Labelscited by 81
- 2021Contrast to Divide: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 69
- 2021Hard Sample Aware Noise Robust Learning for Histopathology Image Classificationcited by 48
- 2022ProMix: Combating Label Noise via Maximizing Clean Sample Utilitycited by 48
- 2022Robust Contrastive Learning against Noisy Viewscited by 45
- 2021On Tilted Losses in Machine Learning: Theory and Applicationscited by 42
- 2025Token Cleaning: Fine-Grained Data Selection for LLM Supervised Fine-Tuningcited by 39
38 more
- 2021Contrastive Learning Improves Model Robustness Under Label Noisecited by 36
- 2021Joint Negative and Positive Learning for Noisy Labelscited by 34
- 2022Open-Vocabulary Multi-Label Classification via Multi-Modal Knowledge Transfercited by 33
- 2021Estimating Instance-dependent Bayes-label Transition Matrix using a Deep Neural Networkcited by 30
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Modelcited by 30
- 2021Uncertainty Estimation via Response Scaling for Pseudo-mask Noise Mitigation in Weakly-supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 29
- 2022Open-vocabulary Attribute Detectioncited by 29
- 2021Discriminative Region-based Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learningcited by 27
- 2021Continual Learning on Noisy Data Streams via Self-Purified Replaycited by 27
- 2023BiCro: Noisy Correspondence Rectification for Multi-modality Data via Bi-directional Cross-modal Similarity Consistencycited by 27
- 2023Unmasking and Improving Data Credibility: A Study with Datasets for Training Harmless Language Modelscited by 26
- 2021Sum of Ranked Range Loss for Supervised Learningcited by 23
- 2021Object-Aware Cropping for Self-Supervised Learningcited by 22
- 2022Freeze then Train: Towards Provable Representation Learning under Spurious Correlations and Feature Noisecited by 22
- 2021Learning with Noisy Labels by Efficient Transition Matrix Estimation to Combat Label Miscorrectioncited by 20
- 2022Sim-to-Real 6D Object Pose Estimation via Iterative Self-training for Robotic Bin Pickingcited by 20
- 2021Generative Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learningcited by 19
- 2023SILT: Shadow-aware Iterative Label Tuning for Learning to Detect Shadows from Noisy Labelscited by 19
- 2022On the Effects of Different Types of Label Noise in Multi-Label Remote Sensing Image Classificationcited by 17
- 2022Instance-Dependent Noisy Label Learning via Graphical Modellingcited by 17
- 2022Scalable Penalized Regression for Noise Detection in Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 15
- 2021Analysing the Noise Model Error for Realistic Noisy Label Datacited by 14
- 2021Self-learning for weakly supervised Gleason grading of local patternscited by 14
- 2021An Instance-Dependent Simulation Framework for Learning with Label Noisecited by 14
- 2023Robust T-Loss for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 14
- 2021Tackling Instance-Dependent Label Noise via a Universal Probabilistic Modelcited by 12
- 2022Boosting Facial Expression Recognition by A Semi-Supervised Progressive Teachercited by 12
- 2021Adversarial Imitation Learning with Trajectorial Augmentation and Correctioncited by 11
- 2023CancerGPT: Few-shot Drug Pair Synergy Prediction using Large Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 11
- 2022L2B: Learning to Bootstrap Robust Models for Combating Label Noisecited by 10
- 2022Dense Hebbian neural networks: a replica symmetric picture of supervised learningcited by 10
- 2023When does Privileged Information Explain Away Label Noise?cited by 10
- 2021Evaluating Multi-label Classifiers with Noisy Labelscited by 9
- 2023Latent Class-Conditional Noise Modelcited by 9
- 2023Data Cleaning and Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 9
- 2024Foster Adaptivity and Balance in Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 9
- 2021Learning with Label Noise for Image Retrieval by Selecting Interactionscited by 8
- 2023GBE-MLZSL: A Group Bi-Enhancement Framework for Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learningcited by 8
50 most cited of 115 All 115 (JSON)
- 2026Robust Losses from Univariate Base Functions for Noisy-Label Learning18 Jul 2026
- 2026Distributionally Robust Optimization via Generative Ambiguity Modeling9 Feb 2026
- 2026Noise-Adaptive Regularization for Robust Multi-Label Remote Sensing Image Classification13 Jan 2026
- 2025Distributionally Robust Optimization via Diffusion Ambiguity Modeling26 Oct 2025
- 2025Deep Neural Networks Inspired by Differential Equations9 Oct 2025
- 2025When Big Models Train Small Ones: Label-Free Model Parity Alignment for Efficient Visual Question Answering using Small VLMs20 Sep 2025
- 2025Least-Ambiguous Multi-Label Classifier12 Sep 2025
- 2025DART: Dual Adaptive Refinement Transfer for Open-Vocabulary Multi-Label Recognition7 Aug 2025
- 2025ErrorEraser: Unlearning Data Bias for Improved Continual Learning11 Jun 2025
- 2025A Language Anchor-Guided Method for Robust Noisy Domain Generalization21 Mar 2025
- 2025Token Cleaning: Fine-Grained Data Selection for LLM Supervised Fine-Tuning4 Feb 2025
- 2025Simultaneous Automatic Picking and Manual Picking Refinement for First-Break3 Feb 2025
38 more
- 2025Learning from Ambiguous Data with Hard Labels3 Jan 2025
- 2024Implicit to Explicit Entropy Regularization: Benchmarking ViT Fine-tuning under Noisy Labels5 Oct 2024
- 2024SinkSAM-Net: Knowledge-Driven Self-Supervised Sinkhole Segmentation Using Topographic Priors and Segment Anything Model2 Oct 2024
- 2024Training Gradient Boosted Decision Trees on Tabular Data Containing Label Noise for Classification Tasks13 Sep 2024
- 2024Epsilon: Exploring Comprehensive Visual-Semantic Projection for Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning22 Aug 2024
- 2024UniTalker: Scaling up Audio-Driven 3D Facial Animation through A Unified Model1 Aug 2024
- 2024Foster Adaptivity and Balance in Learning with Noisy Labels3 Jul 2024
- 2024Learning under Label Noise through Few-Shot Human-in-the-Loop Refinement25 Jan 2024
- 2024Query-Based Knowledge Sharing for Open-Vocabulary Multi-Label Classification2 Jan 2024
- 2023Pseudo-label Correction for Instance-dependent Noise Using Teacher-student Framework24 Nov 2023
- 2023Unmasking and Improving Data Credibility: A Study with Datasets for Training Harmless Language Models19 Nov 2023
- 2023Early Warning Prediction with Automatic Labeling in Epilepsy Patients9 Oct 2023
- 2023Data Cleaning and Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review3 Oct 2023
- 2023GBE-MLZSL: A Group Bi-Enhancement Framework for Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning2 Sep 2023
- 2023SILT: Shadow-aware Iterative Label Tuning for Learning to Detect Shadows from Noisy Labels23 Aug 2023
- 2023LNL+K: Enhancing Learning with Noisy Labels Through Noise Source Knowledge Integration20 Jun 2023
- 2023Rank-Aware Negative Training for Semi-Supervised Text Classification13 Jun 2023
- 2023Enhancing Noise-Robust Losses for Large-Scale Noisy Data Learning8 Jun 2023
- 2023Robust T-Loss for Medical Image Segmentation1 Jun 2023
- 2023Algorithmic Censoring in Dynamic Learning Systems15 May 2023
- 2023Deep Partial Multi-Label Learning with Graph Disambiguation10 May 2023
- 2023Fairness in AI Systems: Mitigating gender bias from language-vision models3 May 2023
- 2023CancerGPT: Few-shot Drug Pair Synergy Prediction using Large Pre-trained Language Models18 Apr 2023
- 2023BiCro: Noisy Correspondence Rectification for Multi-modality Data via Bi-directional Cross-modal Similarity Consistency22 Mar 2023
- 2023When does Privileged Information Explain Away Label Noise?3 Mar 2023
- 2023Uncertainty Injection: A Deep Learning Method for Robust Optimization23 Feb 2023
- 2023Latent Class-Conditional Noise Model19 Feb 2023
- 2023Knockoffs-SPR: Clean Sample Selection in Learning with Noisy Labels2 Jan 2023
- 2023Learning Confident Classifiers in the Presence of Label Noise2 Jan 2023
- 2022Denoising after Entropy-based Debiasing A Robust Training Method for Dataset Bias with Noisy Labels1 Dec 2022
- 2022Establishment of Neural Networks Robust to Label Noise28 Nov 2022
- 2022CLID: Controlled-Length Image Descriptions with Limited Data27 Nov 2022
- 2022Dense Hebbian neural networks: a replica symmetric picture of supervised learning25 Nov 2022
- 2022Open-vocabulary Attribute Detection23 Nov 2022
- 2022Learning advisor networks for noisy image classification8 Nov 2022
- 2022Freeze then Train: Towards Provable Representation Learning under Spurious Correlations and Feature Noise20 Oct 2022
- 2022Propagating Variational Model Uncertainty for Bioacoustic Call Label Smoothing19 Oct 2022
- 2022Bootstrapping the Relationship Between Images and Their Clean and Noisy Labels17 Oct 2022
50 newest of 115 All 115 (JSON)
- 2021Learning with Feature-Dependent Label Noise: A Progressive Approachcited by 102
- 2021Learning to Predict Visual Attributes in the Wildcited by 95
- 2021Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation via Robust Cross-Modal Pseudo-Labelingcited by 84
- 2021FINE Samples for Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 82
- 2021Breaking the Dilemma of Medical Image-to-image Translationcited by 82
- 2021Multi-Label Learning from Single Positive Labelscited by 81
- 2021Contrast to Divide: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Learning with Noisy Labelscited by 69
- 2021Hard Sample Aware Noise Robust Learning for Histopathology Image Classificationcited by 48
- 2022ProMix: Combating Label Noise via Maximizing Clean Sample Utilitycited by 48
- 2022Robust Contrastive Learning against Noisy Viewscited by 45
- 2021On Tilted Losses in Machine Learning: Theory and Applicationscited by 42
- 2025Token Cleaning: Fine-Grained Data Selection for LLM Supervised Fine-Tuningcited by 39
12 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)
- 2026Robust Losses from Univariate Base Functions for Noisy-Label Learning18 Jul 2026
- 2026Distributionally Robust Optimization via Generative Ambiguity Modeling9 Feb 2026
- 2026Noise-Adaptive Regularization for Robust Multi-Label Remote Sensing Image Classification13 Jan 2026
- 2025Distributionally Robust Optimization via Diffusion Ambiguity Modeling26 Oct 2025
- 2025Deep Neural Networks Inspired by Differential Equations9 Oct 2025
- 2025Least-Ambiguous Multi-Label Classifier12 Sep 2025
- 2025DART: Dual Adaptive Refinement Transfer for Open-Vocabulary Multi-Label Recognition7 Aug 2025
- 2025A Language Anchor-Guided Method for Robust Noisy Domain Generalization21 Mar 2025
- 2025Token Cleaning: Fine-Grained Data Selection for LLM Supervised Fine-Tuning4 Feb 2025
- 2025Simultaneous Automatic Picking and Manual Picking Refinement for First-Break3 Feb 2025
- 2025Learning from Ambiguous Data with Hard Labels3 Jan 2025
- 2024Implicit to Explicit Entropy Regularization: Benchmarking ViT Fine-tuning under Noisy Labels5 Oct 2024
12 newest of 109 All 109 (JSON)