mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Raon-Speech Technical Report

arXiv 2605.23912 ↗First posted 8 Apr 2026cs.CL cs.AI cs.SDcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Raon-Speech, a top-performing 9B-parameter speech language model (SpeechLM) for English and Korean speech understanding, answering, and generation, and Raon-SpeechChat, a high-performing full-duplex extension for natural real-time conversation. Raon-Speech successfully transforms a pre-trained LLM into a SpeechLM that both understands and generates speech while preserving strong text capabilities. It trains on 1.38M hours of highly curated English and Korean speech and text datasets with the following training stages: (1) speech modules alignment, (2) end-to-end SpeechLM pre-training with knowledge distillation, and (3) multi-task preference optimization-based post-training. Across 42 English and Korean speech and text benchmarks, Raon-Speech establishes the strongest overall profile on speech-centric tasks in our comparison against eight similarly sized recent audio foundation models, including Qwen2.5-Omni and Fun-Audio-Chat, while preserving strong text question answering performance. Building upon it, Raon-SpeechChat enables natural full-duplex conversation by continual training on 119K hours of time-aligned real and synthetic dialogue data. It proceeds through three complementary training stages: (1) causal encoder adaptation, (2) full-duplex pre-training, (3) full-duplex fine-tuning for voice and role-control. On multiple full-duplex benchmarks, Raon-SpeechChat shows its clearest strengths on the turn-taking and interruption-sensitive behaviors covered by FDB v1.0, and remains competitive across the broader full-duplex evaluation suite. We open-source all model checkpoints, the training and inference pipeline, and an interactive demo.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2026.

Builds on

48 of 58 references.

References · 48

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  2. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  3. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
  4. 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,758
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  6. 2024SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Rewardcited by 951
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  8. 2023On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakescited by 840
  9. 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 756
  10. 2022High Fidelity Neural Audio Compressioncited by 673
  11. 2020ECAPA-TDNN: Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN Based Speaker Verificationcited by 606
  12. 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 543
36 more
  1. 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 536
  2. 2022FLEURS: Few-shot Learning Evaluation of Universal Representations of Speechcited by 458
  3. 2025Qwen3-Omni Technical Reportcited by 451
  4. 2024Seed-TTS: A Family of High-Quality Versatile Speech Generation Modelscited by 293
  5. 2024MMAU: A Massive Multi-Task Audio Understanding and Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 281
  6. 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 210
  7. 2025Audio Flamingo 3: Advancing Audio Intelligence with Fully Open Large Audio Language Modelscited by 210
  8. 2024VoiceBench: Benchmarking LLM-Based Voice Assistantscited by 192
  9. 2024Are We Done with MMLU?cited by 178
  10. 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-trainingcited by 142
  11. 2024Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLMcited by 135
  12. 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 116
  13. 2026Qwen3-TTS Technical Reportcited by 106
  14. 2026Qwen3-ASR Technical Reportcited by 105
  15. 2025Step-Audio 2 Technical Reportcited by 101
  16. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilitiescited by 94
  17. 2024The T05 System for The VoiceMOS Challenge 2024: Transfer Learning from Deep Image Classifier to Naturalness MOS Prediction of High-Quality Synthetic Speechcited by 78
  18. 2023Zipformer: A faster and better encoder for automatic speech recognitioncited by 77
  19. 2025Baichuan-Audio: A Unified Framework for End-to-End Speech Interactioncited by 68
  20. 2023ICASSP 2023 Deep Noise Suppression Challengecited by 62
  21. 2024OmniFlatten: An End-to-end GPT Model for Seamless Voice Conversationcited by 57
  22. 2026PersonaPlex: Voice and Role Control for Full Duplex Conversational Speech Modelscited by 57
  23. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench v1.5: Evaluating Overlap Handling for Full-Duplex Speech Modelscited by 53
  24. 2021ECAPA-TDNN Embeddings for Speaker Diarizationcited by 47
  25. 2025MiniMax-Speech: Intrinsic Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with a Learnable Speaker Encodercited by 44
  26. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench-v2: A Multi-Turn Evaluation Framework for Duplex Dialogue Systems with an Automated Examinercited by 38
  27. 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialoguecited by 27
  28. 2018The State of Speech in HCI: Trends, Themes and Challengescited by 21
  29. 2025Fun-Audio-Chat Technical Reportcited by 17
  30. 2025Game-Time: Evaluating Temporal Dynamics in Spoken Language Modelscited by 13
  31. 2024Large Language Models Know What To Say But Not When To Speakcited by 11
  32. 2026CORD: Bridging the Audio-Text Reasoning Gap via Weighted On-policy Cross-modal Distillationcited by 9
  33. 2025Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Speech Large Language Modelscited by 6
  34. 2025SIMPLEMIX: Frustratingly Simple Mixing of Off- and On-policy Data in Language Model Preference Learningcited by 5
  35. 2026Voxtral Realtimecited by 5
  36. 2026HyperCLOVA X 8B Omnicited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

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  1. 2026Raon-OpenTTS: Open Models and Data for Robust Text-to-Speech ↗
  2. 2026KVoiceBench, KOpenAudioBench, and KMMAU: Agent-Driven Korean Speech Benchmarks for Evaluating SpeechLMs
  3. 2025Data-Centric Lessons To Improve Speech-Language Pretraining
  4. 2025CS3-Bench: Evaluating and Enhancing Speech-to-Speech LLMs for Mandarin-English Code-Switching
  5. 2024SALMONN-omni: A Codec-free LLM for Full-duplex Speech Understanding and Generation
  6. 2025ESPnet-SpeechLM: An Open Speech Language Model Toolkit
  7. 2025VCB Bench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Audio-Grounded Large Language Model Conversational Agents
  8. 2026SPAR-K: Scheduled Periodic Alternating Early Exit for Spoken Language Models