CORD: Bridging the Audio-Text Reasoning Gap via Weighted On-policy Cross-modal Distillation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Audio-language model reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have garnered significant research interest. Despite being built upon text-based large language models (LLMs), LALMs frequently exhibit a degradation in knowledge and reasoning capabilities. We hypothesize that this limitation stems from the failure of current training paradigms to effectively bridge the acoustic-semantic gap within the feature representation space. To address this challenge, we propose CORD, a unified alignment framework that performs online cross-modal self-distillation. Specifically, it aligns audio-conditioned reasoning with its text-conditioned counterpart within a unified model. Leveraging the text modality as an internal teacher, CORD performs multi-granularity alignment throughout the audio rollout process. At the token level, it employs on-policy reverse KL divergence with importance-aware weighting to prioritize early and semantically critical tokens. At the sequence level, CORD introduces a judge-based global reward to optimize complete reasoning trajectories via Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Empirical results across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that CORD consistently enhances audio-conditioned reasoning and substantially bridges the audio-text performance gap with only 80k synthetic training samples, validating the efficacy and data efficiency of our on-policy, multi-level cross-modal alignment approach.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio-language model reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 29 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2026.
Builds on
29 of 39 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Report26 Mar
- 2024MMAU: A Massive Multi-Task Audio Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark24 Oct
- 2024Mini-Omni: Language Models Can Hear, Talk While Thinking in Streaming29 Aug
Other references · 26
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- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
- 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,258
- 2023On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakescited by 840
- 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportcited by 724
- 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 591
- 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 543
14 more
- 2025Beyond the 80/20 Rule: High-Entropy Minority Tokens Drive Effective Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoningcited by 540
- 2024GLM-4-Voice: Towards Intelligent and Human-Like End-to-End Spoken Chatbotcited by 218
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 210
- 2024Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generationcited by 200
- 2024VoiceBench: Benchmarking LLM-Based Voice Assistantscited by 192
- 2024LLaMA-Omni: Seamless Speech Interaction with Large Language Modelscited by 169
- 2023MiniLLM: On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Modelscited by 129
- 2025Step-Audio 2 Technical Reportcited by 101
- 2025Retaining by Doing: The Role of On-Policy Data in Mitigating Forgettingcited by 82
- 2025Black-Box On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Modelscited by 53
- 2025Attention Illuminates LLM Reasoning: The Preplan-and-Anchor Rhythm Enables Fine-Grained Policy Optimizationcited by 23
- 2025TASTE: Text-Aligned Speech Tokenization and Embedding for Spoken Language Modelingcited by 15
- 2025Closing the Gap Between Text and Speech Understanding in LLMscited by 14
- 2024BLSP-KD: Bootstrapping Language-Speech Pre-training via Knowledge Distillationcited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 9.
9 papers.
- 2026A Formula-Driven Survey and Research Agenda for On-Policy Distillationcited by 5
- 2026Raon-Speech Technical Reportcited by 4
- 2026X3-OPD: Distilling Reasoning into Large Audio-Language Models via On-Policy Alignmentcited by 3
- 2026Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLMcited by 2
- 2026From Parameters to Behaviors: A Survey of Model Fusion for Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Entity Binding Failures in Speech LLM Reasoning: Diagnosis and Chain-of-Thought Interventioncited by 0
- 2026Reducing the Output-Mode Gap in Speech Language Models via Joint-Output On-Policy Distillationcited by 0
- 2026Reward-Tilted On-Policy Distillation for Acoustic Grounding in Audio-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026OP-CAD: On-Policy Clean-Audio Distillation for Robust Audio-Visual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026OP-CAD: On-Policy Clean-Audio Distillation for Robust Audio-Visual Reasoning30 Sep 2026
- 2026Reward-Tilted On-Policy Distillation for Acoustic Grounding in Audio-Language Models23 Sep 2026
- 2026From Parameters to Behaviors: A Survey of Model Fusion for Large Language Models17 Sep 2026
- 2026Reducing the Output-Mode Gap in Speech Language Models via Joint-Output On-Policy Distillation14 Sep 2026
- 2026X3-OPD: Distilling Reasoning into Large Audio-Language Models via On-Policy Alignment23 Jul 2026
- 2026A Formula-Driven Survey and Research Agenda for On-Policy Distillation22 Jun 2026
- 2026Entity Binding Failures in Speech LLM Reasoning: Diagnosis and Chain-of-Thought Intervention3 Jun 2026
- 2026Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLM7 May 2026
- 2026Raon-Speech Technical Report8 Apr 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026Alignment Is All You Need: Instruction-Free Training for General Audio-Language Models
- 2025Teaching Audio Models to Reason: A Unified Framework for Source- and Layer-wise Distillation
- 2026Audio-DeepThinker: Progressive Reasoning-Aware Reinforcement Learning for High-Quality Chain-of-Thought Emergence in Audio Language Models
- 2025SoundMind: RL-Incentivized Logic Reasoning for Audio-Language Models
- 2025SARI: Structured Audio Reasoning via Curriculum-Guided Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Closing the Modality Reasoning Gap for Speech Large Language Models