mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Game-Time: Evaluating Temporal Dynamics in Spoken Language Models

arXiv 2509.26388 ↗First posted 30 Sep 2025eess.AS cs.AI cs.CLcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

Conversational Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as a promising paradigm for real-time speech interaction. However, their capacity of temporal dynamics, including the ability to manage timing, tempo and simultaneous speaking, remains a critical and unevaluated challenge for conversational fluency. To address this gap, we introduce the Game-Time Benchmark, a framework to systematically assess these temporal capabilities. Inspired by how humans learn a language through language activities, Game-Time consists of basic instruction-following tasks and advanced tasks with temporal constraints, such as tempo adherence and synchronized responses. Our evaluation of diverse SLM architectures reveals a clear performance disparity: while state-of-the-art models handle basic tasks well, many contemporary systems still struggle with fundamental instruction-following. More critically, nearly all models degrade substantially under temporal constraints, exposing persistent weaknesses in time awareness and full-duplex interaction. The Game-Time Benchmark provides a foundation for guiding future research toward more temporally-aware conversational AI. Demos and datasets are available on our project website https://ga642381.github.io/Game-Time.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2025.

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35 of 42 references.

References · 35

  1. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  2. 2023Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 1,143
  3. 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 704
  4. 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 536
  5. 2024CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 282
  6. 2024VoiceBench: Benchmarking LLM-Based Voice Assistantscited by 192
  7. 2025VITA-1.5: Towards GPT-4o Level Real-Time Vision and Speech Interactioncited by 191
  8. 2025Generalizing Verifiable Instruction Followingcited by 178
  9. 2024Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLMcited by 135
  10. 2022Generative Spoken Dialogue Language Modelingcited by 125
  11. 2025On The Landscape of Spoken Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 116
  12. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilitiescited by 94
23 more
  1. 2024WavChat: A Survey of Spoken Dialogue Modelscited by 88
  2. 2024Recent Advances in Speech Language Models: A Surveycited by 85
  3. 2025MinMo: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Seamless Voice Interactioncited by 79
  4. 2024SD-Eval: A Benchmark Dataset for Spoken Dialogue Understanding Beyond Wordscited by 67
  5. 2024Language Model Can Listen While Speakingcited by 62
  6. 2024OmniFlatten: An End-to-end GPT Model for Seamless Voice Conversationcited by 57
  7. 2025Talking Turns: Benchmarking Audio Foundation Models on Turn-Taking Dynamicscited by 45
  8. 2023Sparks of Large Audio Models: A Survey and Outlookcited by 41
  9. 2024Towards audio language modeling -- an overviewcited by 40
  10. 2024A Full-duplex Speech Dialogue Scheme Based On Large Language Modelscited by 40
  11. 2025Towards Holistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 38
  12. 2025SALM-Duplex: Efficient and Direct Duplex Modeling for Speech-to-Speech Language Modelcited by 32
  13. 2025URO-Bench: Towards Comprehensive Evaluation for End-to-End Spoken Dialogue Modelscited by 29
  14. 2024Benchmarking Open-ended Audio Dialogue Understanding for Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 28
  15. 2024Beyond the Turn-Based Game: Enabling Real-Time Conversations with Duplex Modelscited by 26
  16. 2025SALMONN-omni: A Standalone Speech LLM without Codec Injection for Full-duplex Conversationcited by 25
  17. 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modelingcited by 24
  18. 2025NTPP: Generative Speech Language Modeling for Dual-Channel Spoken Dialogue via Next-Token-Pair Predictioncited by 19
  19. 2025Audio-Aware Large Language Models as Judges for Speaking Stylescited by 17
  20. 2025FD-Bench: A Full-Duplex Benchmarking Pipeline Designed for Full Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 17
  21. 2025VocalBench: Benchmarking the Vocal Conversational Abilities for Speech Interaction Modelscited by 15
  22. 2025Aligning Spoken Dialogue Models from User Interactionscited by 11
  23. 2025Beyond Words: Multimodal LLM Knows When to Speakcited by 4

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