mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Full-Duplex Speech Models Take the Floor When Asked, Not When Needed

arXiv 2609.19596 ↗First posted 17 Sep 2026cs.CL cs.HCcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Full-duplex speech models listen and speak at once, promising always-on assistants. Yet they must also decide when they should speak. Human listeners speak when addressed or when the speaker stops, but also self-select to correct a false claim, supply a missing word, or warn of danger. We ask whether full-duplex models do the same. To separate the reason to speak from the opportunity, we construct context-matched English monologues in which only the trigger utterance varies within a topic, define 10 conditions from turn-allocation rules, and compress inter-word pauses to limit opportunities created by silence. Across five model families, being addressed and silence are far more reliable triggers than false facts or hazards. Frame-level text-token probabilities in Moshi and PersonaPlex are lower for false facts than for Neutral when averaged over the first 2,s after trigger end. Pauses or permission to interrupt do not close this gap either. Given the floor, Moshi and PersonaPlex answer most direct questions, yet the proportion of non-empty false-fact replies that challenge the claim is only .14--.15, and the proportion of hazard replies that warn of danger is .04--.07. This paper thus identifies a gap in both speech initiation and response content. Closing it requires genuine content understanding and intervention decisions grounded in it.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2026.

Builds on

17 of 26 references.

References · 17

  1. 2026DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligencecited by 1,040
  2. 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 568
  3. 2024Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLMcited by 141
  4. 2022Generative Spoken Dialogue Language Modelingcited by 126
  5. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilitiescited by 100
  6. 2026MiniCPM-o 4.5: Towards Real-Time Full-Duplex Omni-Modal Interactioncited by 78
  7. 2024Beyond Turn-Based Interfaces: Synchronous LLMs as Full-Duplex Dialogue Agentscited by 72
  8. 2026PersonaPlex: Voice and Role Control for Full Duplex Conversational Speech Modelscited by 63
  9. 2022Voice Activity Projection: Self-supervised Learning of Turn-taking Eventscited by 60
  10. 2020TurnGPT: a Transformer-based Language Model for Predicting Turn-taking in Spoken Dialogcited by 56
  11. 2025Talking Turns: Benchmarking Audio Foundation Models on Turn-Taking Dynamicscited by 47
  12. 2025FD-Bench: A Full-Duplex Benchmarking Pipeline Designed for Full Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 20
5 more
  1. 2025FLEXI: Benchmarking Full-duplex Human-LLM Speech Interactioncited by 15
  2. 2026Full-Duplex Interaction in Spoken Dialogue Systems: A Comprehensive Study from the ICASSP 2026 HumDial Challengecited by 13
  3. 2026Multi-Faceted Interactivity Alignment in Full-Duplex Speech Modelscited by 10
  4. 2026Raon-Speech Technical Reportcited by 7
  5. 2026Instruct-FD: Can Your Full-Duplex Speech System Follow Turn-Taking Instructions?cited by 6

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