Follow-Your-Preference: Towards Preference-Aligned Image Inpainting
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Diffusion and multimodal model alignment
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper investigates image inpainting with preference alignment. Instead of introducing a novel method, we go back to basics and revisit fundamental problems in achieving such alignment. We leverage the prominent direct preference optimization approach for alignment training and employ public reward models to construct preference training datasets. Experiments are conducted across nine reward models, two benchmarks, and two baseline models with varying structures and generative algorithms. Our key findings are as follows: (1) Most reward models deliver valid reward scores for constructing preference data, even if some of them are not reliable evaluators. (2) Preference data demonstrates robust trends in both candidate scaling and sample scaling across models and benchmarks. (3) Observable biases in reward models, particularly in brightness, composition, and color scheme, render them susceptible to cause reward hacking. (4) A simple ensemble of these models yields robust and generalizable results by mitigating such biases. Built upon these observations, our alignment models significantly outperform prior models across standard metrics, GPT-4 assessments, and human evaluations, without any changes to model structures or the use of new datasets. We hope our work can set a simple yet solid baseline, pushing this promising frontier. Our code is open-sourced at: https://github.com/shenytzzz/Follow-Your-Preference.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and multimodal model alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 58 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2025.
Builds on
58 of 62 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
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- 2025DanceGRPO: Unleashing GRPO on Visual Generation12 May
- 2025Unified Reward Model for Multimodal Understanding and Generation7 Mar
- 2025Preference Alignment on Diffusion Model: A Comprehensive Survey for Image Generation and Editing10 Feb
- 2025Calibrated Multi-Preference Optimization for Aligning Diffusion Models4 Feb
- 2025Improving Video Generation with Human Feedback23 Jan
- 2024PrefPaint: Aligning Image Inpainting Diffusion Model with Human Preference29 Oct
- 2023Diffusion Model Alignment Using Direct Preference Optimization21 Nov
Other references · 50
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
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- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
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- 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
- 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,887
- 2024HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Modelscited by 1,660
- 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,045
- 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 982
- 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 977
- 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
- 2024SiT: Exploring Flow and Diffusion-based Generative Models with Scalable Interpolant Transformerscited by 737
- 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 624
- 2024Evaluating Text-to-Visual Generation with Image-to-Text Generationcited by 474
- 2023DPOK: Reinforcement Learning for Fine-tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 450
- 2022Blended Latent Diffusioncited by 432
- 2022The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Modelscited by 328
- 2025Perception Encoder: The best visual embeddings are not at the output of the networkcited by 326
- 2025Seedance 1.0: Exploring the Boundaries of Video Generation Modelscited by 259
- 2022Imagen Editor and EditBench: Advancing and Evaluating Text-Guided Image Inpaintingcited by 233
- 2024BrushNet: A Plug-and-Play Image Inpainting Model with Decomposed Dual-Branch Diffusioncited by 202
- 2024Follow-Your-Emoji: Fine-Controllable and Expressive Freestyle Portrait Animationcited by 174
- 2023A Task is Worth One Word: Learning with Task Prompts for High-Quality Versatile Image Inpaintingcited by 169
- 2025Seedream 3.0 Technical Reportcited by 154
- 2025SimpleAR: Pushing the Frontier of Autoregressive Visual Generation through Pretraining, SFT, and RLcited by 86
- 2023HD-Painter: High-Resolution and Prompt-Faithful Text-Guided Image Inpainting with Diffusion Modelscited by 67
- 2025Follow-Your-Emoji-Faster: Towards Efficient, Fine-Controllable, and Expressive Freestyle Portrait Animationcited by 43
- 2024Follow-Your-Canvas: Higher-Resolution Video Outpainting with Extensive Content Generationcited by 42
- 2024Structure Matters: Tackling the Semantic Discrepancy in Diffusion Models for Image Inpaintingcited by 40
- 2023HAP: Structure-Aware Masked Image Modeling for Human-Centric Perceptioncited by 33
- 2023Towards Enhanced Image Inpainting: Mitigating Unwanted Object Insertion and Preserving Color Consistencycited by 19
- 2021Domain-Specific Bias Filtering for Single Labeled Domain Generalizationcited by 18
- 2021Collaborative Semantic Aggregation and Calibration for Federated Domain Generalizationcited by 16
- 2022Label-Efficient Domain Generalization via Collaborative Exploration and Generalizationcited by 15
- 2024I Dream My Painting: Connecting MLLMs and Diffusion Models via Prompt Generation for Text-Guided Multi-Mask Inpaintingcited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 14.
18 papers.
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- 2026RebuttalAgent: Strategic Persuasion in Academic Rebuttal via Theory of Mind22 Jan 2026
- 2025MultiMotion: Multi Subject Video Motion Transfer via Video Diffusion Transformer8 Dec 2025
- 2025VideoCoF: Unified Video Editing with Temporal Reasoner8 Dec 2025
- 2025Unified Long Video Inpainting and Outpainting via Overlapping High-Order Co-Denoising5 Nov 2025
- 2025Top-Down Semantic Refinement for Image Captioning25 Oct 2025
- 2025MultiMotion: Multi Subject Video Motion Transfer via Video Diffusion Transformercited by 3
- 2025Unified Long Video Inpainting and Outpainting via Overlapping High-Order Co-Denoisingcited by 1
- 2026DeDPO: Debiased Direct Preference Optimization for Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2026InstanceAnimator: Multi-Instance Sketch Video Colorizationcited by 1
- 2026FineEdit: Fine-Grained Image Edit with Bounding Box Guidancecited by 1
- 2026FineEdit: Fine-Grained Image Edit with Bounding Box Guidance13 Apr 2026
- 2026InstanceAnimator: Multi-Instance Sketch Video Colorization26 Mar 2026
- 2026DeDPO: Debiased Direct Preference Optimization for Diffusion Models5 Feb 2026
- 2025MultiMotion: Multi Subject Video Motion Transfer via Video Diffusion Transformer8 Dec 2025
- 2025Unified Long Video Inpainting and Outpainting via Overlapping High-Order Co-Denoising5 Nov 2025
- 2025Top-Down Semantic Refinement for Image Captioningcited by 16
- 2025Top-Down Semantic Refinement for Image Captioning25 Oct 2025
- 2026FastVMT: Eliminating Redundancy in Video Motion Transfercited by 23
- 2026Group Editing: Edit Multiple Images in One Gocited by 11
- 2026LiveLight: Real-time Streaming Video Relighting with Interactive Controlcited by 7
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- 2026LiveLight: Real-time Streaming Video Relighting with Interactive Control3 Aug 2026
- 2026GeoEdit: Geometry-Aware Object Editing via Dual-Branch Denoising29 Jun 2026
- 2026Group Editing: Edit Multiple Images in One Go24 Mar 2026
- 2026FastVMT: Eliminating Redundancy in Video Motion Transfer5 Feb 2026
- 2026RebuttalAgent: Strategic Persuasion in Academic Rebuttal via Theory of Mind22 Jan 2026
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