Society of Mind Meets Real-Time Strategy: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent Framework for Strategic Reasoning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive action sequence prediction capabilities but often struggle with dynamic, long-horizon tasks such as real-time strategic games. In a game such as StarCraftII (SC2), agents need to manage resource constraints and adapt to evolving battlefield situations in a partially observable environment. This often overwhelms exisiting LLM-based approaches. To address these challenges, we propose a hierarchical multi-agent framework that employs specialized imitation learning agents under a meta-controller called Strategic Planner (SP). By expert demonstrations, each specialized agent learns a distinctive strategy, such as aerial support or defensive maneuvers, and produces coherent, structured multistep action sequences. The SP then orchestrates these proposals into a single, environmentally adaptive plan that ensures local decisions aligning with long-term strategies. We call this HIMA (Hierarchical Imitation Multi-Agent). We also present TEXTSCII-ALL, a comprehensive SC2 testbed that encompasses all race match combinations in SC2. Our empirical results show that HIMA outperforms state of the arts in strategic clarity, adaptability, and computational efficiency, underscoring the potential of combining specialized imitation modules with meta-level orchestration to develop more robust, general-purpose AI agents.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Aug 2025.
Builds on
15 of 46 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024CivRealm: A Learning and Reasoning Odyssey in Civilization for Decision-Making Agents19 Jan
- 2023Strategic Reasoning with Language Models30 May
Other references · 13
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- 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviorscited by 598
- 2019Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Selective Overview of Theories and Algorithmscited by 567
- 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 208
- 2025JARVIS-VLA: Post-Training Large-Scale Vision Language Models to Play Visual Games with Keyboards and Mousecited by 28
- 2024PokeLLMon: A Human-Parity Agent for Pokemon Battles with Large Language Modelscited by 26
- 2025RoboCopilot: Human-in-the-loop Interactive Imitation Learning for Robot Manipulationcited by 26
- 2024Understanding Individual Agent Importance in Multi-Agent System via Counterfactual Reasoningcited by 11
- 2024ILBiT: Imitation Learning for Robot Using Position and Torque Information based on Bilateral Control with Transformercited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025SC2Arena and StarEvolve: Benchmark and Self-Improvement Framework for LLMs in Complex Decision-Making Tasks
- 2026World Models for Policy Refinement in StarCraft II
- 2025HLSMAC: A New StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge for High-Level Strategic Decision-Making
- 2025Dynamic Strategy Adaptation in Multi-Agent Environments with Large Language Models
- 2023Mimicking To Dominate: Imitation Learning Strategies for Success in Multiagent Competitive Games
- 2024SwarmBrain: Embodied agent for real-time strategy game StarCraft II via large language models
- 2026Hierarchical Control in Multi-Agent Games: LLM-based Planning and RL Execution
- 2023Large Language Models Play StarCraft II: Benchmarks and A Chain of Summarization Approach