mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Uni-cot: Towards Unified Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Across Text and Vision

arXiv 2508.05606 ↗First posted 7 Aug 2025cs.CV cs.CLcited by 56

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging, as it often requires interpreting transitions of visual states to support reasoning. Existing methods often struggle with this due to limited capacity of modeling visual state transitions or incoherent visual trajectories caused by fragmented architectures. To overcome these limitations, we propose Uni-CoT, a Unified Chain-of-Thought framework that enables coherent and grounded multimodal reasoning within a single unified model. The key idea is to leverage a model capable of both image understanding and generation to reason over visual content and model evolving visual states. However, empowering a unified model to achieve that is non-trivial, given the high computational cost and the burden of training. To address this, Uni-CoT introduces a novel two-level reasoning paradigm: A Macro-Level CoT for high-level task planning and A Micro-Level CoT for subtask execution. This design significantly reduces the computational overhead. Furthermore, we introduce a structured training paradigm that combines interleaved image-text supervision for macro-level CoT with multi-task objectives for micro-level CoT. Together, these innovations allow Uni-CoT to perform scalable and coherent multi-modal reasoning. Furthermore, thanks to our design, all experiments can be efficiently completed using only 8 A100 GPUs with 80GB VRAM each. Experimental results on reasoning-driven image generation benchmark (WISE) and editing benchmarks (RISE and KRIS) indicates that Uni-CoT demonstrates SOTA performance and strong generalization, establishing Uni-CoT as a promising solution for multi-modal reasoning. Project Page and Code: https://sais-fuxi.github.io/projects/uni-cot/

Key facts. Cited by 56 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 72 of its 91 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2025.

Builds on

72 of 91 references.

Closest ancestors · 20

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025T2I-R1: Reinforcing Image Generation with Collaborative Semantic-level and Token-level CoT1 May
  2. 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
  3. 2025Video-R1: Reinforcing Video Reasoning in MLLMs27 Mar
  4. 2025LayerCraft: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation with CoT Reasoning and Layered Object Integration25 Mar
  5. 2025R1-Onevision: Advancing Generalized Multimodal Reasoning through Cross-Modal Formalization13 Mar
  6. 2025Vision-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Models9 Mar
  7. 2025Can We Generate Images with CoT? Let's Verify and Reinforce Image Generation Step by Step23 Jan
  8. 2024CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on Large Vision-Language Models17 Dec
  9. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
  10. 2024Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought29 Nov
  11. 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Step15 Nov
  12. 2024Visual Sketchpad: Sketching as a Visual Chain of Thought for Multimodal Language Models13 Jun
8 more
  1. 2023Visual Program Distillation: Distilling Tools and Programmatic Reasoning into Vision-Language Models5 Dec
  2. 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Models27 Nov
  3. 2023DDCoT: Duty-Distinct Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Multimodal Reasoning in Language Models25 Oct
  4. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct
  5. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
  6. 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoning14 Mar
  7. 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Models2 Feb
  8. 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without training18 Nov

Other references · 52

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
  4. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  5. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  6. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  7. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  8. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  9. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,700
  10. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
  11. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  12. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
38 more
  1. 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
  2. 2019Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformerscited by 1,546
  3. 2020Linformer: Self-Attention with Linear Complexitycited by 1,474
  4. 2025SigLIP 2: Multilingual Vision-Language Encoders with Improved Semantic Understanding, Localization, and Dense Featurescited by 1,188
  5. 2025FLUX.1 Kontext: Flow Matching for In-Context Image Generation and Editing in Latent Spacecited by 1,006
  6. 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignmentcited by 972
  7. 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
  8. 2025Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scalingcited by 812
  9. 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Needcited by 781
  10. 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
  11. 2020Long Range Arena: A Benchmark for Efficient Transformerscited by 700
  12. 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 624
  13. 2024Janus: Decoupling Visual Encoding for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 457
  14. 2018Data-Efficient Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 455
  15. 2025Step1X-Edit: A Practical Framework for General Image Editingcited by 429
  16. 2024OmniGen: Unified Image Generationcited by 394
  17. 2025BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Datasetcited by 376
  18. 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 350
  19. 2017FeUdal Networks for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 337
  20. 2024SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generationcited by 331
  21. 2025R1-VL: Learning to Reason with Multimodal Large Language Models via Step-wise Group Relative Policy Optimizationcited by 301
  22. 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thoughtcited by 279
  23. 2024AnyEdit: Mastering Unified High-Quality Image Editing for Any Ideacited by 241
  24. 2025Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueriescited by 236
  25. 2025WISE: A World Knowledge-Informed Semantic Evaluation for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 204
  26. 2024TokenFlow: Unified Image Tokenizer for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 202
  27. 2024Mixture-of-Transformers: A Sparse and Scalable Architecture for Multi-Modal Foundation Modelscited by 163
  28. 2020Scalable Multi-Hop Relational Reasoning for Knowledge-Aware Question Answeringcited by 122
  29. 2025Envisioning Beyond the Pixels: Benchmarking Reasoning-Informed Visual Editingcited by 99
  30. 2025ShareGPT-4o-Image: Aligning Multimodal Models with GPT-4o-Level Image Generationcited by 97
  31. 2024PhyT2V: LLM-Guided Iterative Self-Refinement for Physics-Grounded Text-to-Video Generationcited by 80
  32. 2025KRIS-Bench: Benchmarking Next-Level Intelligent Image Editing Modelscited by 71
  33. 2024Mind's Eye of LLMs: Visualization-of-Thought Elicits Spatial Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 66
  34. 2024ILLUME: Illuminating Your LLMs to See, Draw, and Self-Enhancecited by 64
  35. 2024Paint by Inpaint: Learning to Add Image Objects by Removing Them Firstcited by 39
  36. 2025Jigsaw-R1: A Study of Rule-based Visual Reinforcement Learning with Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 36
  37. 2025Multiverse: Your Language Models Secretly Decide How to Parallelize and Merge Generationcited by 30
  38. 2025Efficient Attention Mechanisms for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 22

50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 46.

56 papers.

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  1. 2025ThinkMorph: Emergent Properties in Multimodal Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 56
  2. 2025ReasonEdit: Towards Reasoning-Enhanced Image Editing Modelscited by 25
  3. 2026UniDriveVLA: Unifying Understanding, Perception, and Action Planning for Autonomous Drivingcited by 19
  4. 2025Thinking-while-Generating: Interleaving Textual Reasoning throughout Visual Generationcited by 18
  5. 2026Think-Then-Generate: Reasoning-Aware Text-to-Image Diffusion with LLM Encoderscited by 15
  6. 2026Demystifying Video Reasoningcited by 14
  7. 2026RationalRewards: Reasoning Rewards Scale Visual Generation Both Training and Test Timecited by 14
  8. 2025DraCo: Draft as CoT for Text-to-Image Preview and Rare Concept Generationcited by 13
  9. 2025ThinkGen: Generalized Thinking for Visual Generationcited by 13
  10. 2026ThinkRL-Edit: Thinking in Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning-Centric Image Editingcited by 12
  11. 2026UniReason 1.0: A Unified Reasoning Framework for World Knowledge Aligned Image Generation and Editingcited by 12
  12. 2025WiseEdit: Benchmarking Cognition- and Creativity-Informed Image Editingcited by 11
38 more
  1. 2025Visual-Aware CoT: Achieving High-Fidelity Visual Consistency in Unified Modelscited by 10
  2. 2026UniT: Unified Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Test-time Scalingcited by 8
  3. 2026LatentUM: Unleashing the Potential of Interleaved Cross-Modal Reasoning via a Latent-Space Unified Modelcited by 8
  4. 2026UReason: Benchmarking Reasoning-to-Generation Alignment in Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 7
  5. 2025Beyond Textual CoT: Interleaved Text-Image Chains with Deep Confidence Reasoning for Image Editingcited by 6
  6. 2025IRG-MotionLLM: Interleaving Motion Generation, Assessment and Refinement for Text-to-Motion Generationcited by 6
  7. 2026Unified Thinker: A General Reasoning Modular Core for Image Generationcited by 5
  8. 2026DuoGen: Towards General Purpose Interleaved Multimodal Generationcited by 3
  9. 2026StruVis: Enhancing Reasoning-based Text-to-Image Generation via Thinking with Structured Visioncited by 3
  10. 2026FiRe: Fine-grained Multimodal Reasoning for Enhanced Image Generationcited by 3
  11. 2026DDA-Thinker: Decoupled Dual-Atomic Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning-Driven Image Editingcited by 3
  12. 2026Generation Navigator: A State-Aware Agentic Framework for Image Generationcited by 3
  13. 2026PhyEditBench: A Real-World Multi-Stage Benchmark for Physics-Aware Image Editingcited by 3
  14. 2026ViGoR-Bench: How Far Are Visual Generative Models From Zero-Shot Visual Reasoners?cited by 2
  15. 2026Uni-ViGU: Towards Unified Video Generation and Understanding via A Diffusion-Based Video Generatorcited by 2
  16. 2026TorchUMM: A Unified Multimodal Model Codebase for Evaluation, Analysis, and Post-trainingcited by 2
  17. 2026OmniVerifier-M1: Multimodal Meta-Verifier with Explicit Structured Recalibrationcited by 2
  18. 2026Reason, Then Re-reason: Cross-view Revisiting Improves Spatial Reasoningcited by 2
  19. 2026IV-CoT: Implicit Visual Chain-of-Thought for Structure-Aware Text-to-Image Generationcited by 2
  20. 2025ChainMPQ: Interleaved Text-Image Reasoning Chains for Mitigating Relation Hallucinationscited by 1
  21. 2026Refinement via Regeneration: Enlarging Modification Space Boosts Image Refinement in Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 1
  22. 2026LatentUMM: Dual Latent Alignment for Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 1
  23. 2026Benchmarking and Evolving Reason-Reflect-Rectify for Reflective Visual Generationcited by 1
  24. 2026Leveraging Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Unsupervised Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
  25. 2026Edit-R2: Context-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Image Editingcited by 1
  26. 2026ExpertVerse: A General-Purpose Benchmark for Expert-Level Reasoning in Knowledge-Intensive Visual Synthesiscited by 1
  27. 2026Agentic Visual Generation: From Generative Models to Agentic Controlcited by 1
  28. 2026InterCoG: Towards Spatially Precise Image Editing with Interleaved Chain-of-Grounding Reasoningcited by 0
  29. 2026UniRect-CoT: Enhancing Generation in Unified Multimodal Models via Reflective Rectification with Inherent Understandingcited by 0
  30. 2026Inline Critic Steers Image Editingcited by 0
  31. 2026UniCanvas: A Diffusion-base Unified Model for Text-in-Image Joint Generationcited by 0
  32. 2026The Periodic Table of LLM Reasoning: A Structured Survey of Reasoning Paradigms, Methods, and Failure Modescited by 0
  33. 2026Bridging Modal Isolation in Interleaved Thinking: Supervising Modality Transitions via Stepwise Reinforcementcited by 0
  34. 2026Unified Multimodal Model for Brain MRI Imputation and Understandingcited by 0
  35. 2026MentalThink: Shaping Thoughts in Mental SVG Worldcited by 0
  36. 2026Test-Time Curriculum for Open-Set AIGC Detectioncited by 0
  37. 2026Editable Visual Designcited by 0
  38. 2026Uni-LaDiR: Latent Diffusion Unifies Multimodal Reasoningcited by 0

50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026TVI-CoT: Text-Visual Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Multimodal Understanding
  2. 2025MM-CoT:A Benchmark for Probing Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Models
  3. 2025Zebra-CoT: A Dataset for Interleaved Vision Language Reasoning
  4. 2025Revisiting the Necessity of Lengthy Chain-of-Thought in Vision-centric Reasoning Generalization
  5. 2025VisReason: A Large-Scale Dataset for Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
  6. 2025Unsupervised Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Preference Optimization
  7. 2026FantasyVLN: Unified Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language Navigation
  8. 2026Render-of-Thought: Rendering Textual Chain-of-Thought as Images for Visual Latent Reasoning